Worldwide Lean Learning Factories
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Abstract
Lean production, also known as the Toyota Production System, is a management model that is being actively taught in academia through active learning methodologies. One such methodology is the use of learning factories to teach Lean concepts. Many Higher Education Institutions are promoting and installing learning factories to teach lean concepts effectively. This paper’s objectives are to discuss lean learning factories (LFF): characterization; importance for managers and organizations; lessons learned; lean learning aspects and general outcomes for life-long learning. To achieve this, the authors developed A literature review was conducted on lean learning factories, utilizing scientific articles obtained from the Scopus database. The review encompassed the period from 1990 to 2023. This literature review resulted in 95 papers, being the first articles relating to lean and learning factories published in 2006. The main findings revealed that the LLF can be found worldwide, and these initiatives were taken by universities and some involved organizations. Findings evidenced that setting up and installing one such LLF is not trivial and needs resources, but they contribute to the effectiveness of lean learning. The significance of these factories lies in their aim to replicate intricate real-world settings as accurately as possible, facilitating the best training in lean methodologies that align with the fundamental principles of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0.