FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATION

Abstract

This study is used in which each information carrier has a bandwidth capable of carrying large volume of communication traffic. The invention of LASER in 1960 resulted in acceleration of optical communication; optical wave provides such a large hand width that it becomes almost impossible to use it fully. Biopic has become steadily used for high data rate and long distance communication backbone in the 21st century. Optical fibers consist of thin able-like structure protected from environmental chemical damages. Fibers makes use of the principle in physics known as Total Income of the optical signal is used to carry data in form of bits. Optician fiber mode can be either multimode or single mode with refractive index profile or either grades- index or step-index. The core has an index 0r reaction greater than that of the cladding making it possible to have total internal rejection. The light source for the optical fiber is light -emitting -diodes (LEOs) and Laser diodes could he Positive-Intrinsic-Negative (PIN) pholodetcctor or however, APDs generates noise to electron multiplication, and the noise could distort the output data. The data transmission could be either digital or analog. Fiber optic systems have various advantages over the conventional cable or microwave systems. Cable systems are suspect able to interferences such as electromagnetic interferences caused by alternating fields ill the carrier system and Radio frequency from radio signal committing equipment. They are also limited in distance and attenuation is high. Of all these, Optical fiber have advantages and the information transmitted over a fiber optic link is secured as of pared to microwave and cable systems that can be tapped.