Biology and Biological Control of Exotic True Thistles

Abstract

or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). 202-720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Federal Recycling Program Printed on recycled paper. T he Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team (FHTET) was created in 1995 by the Deputy Chief for State and Private Forestry, USDA, Forest Service, to develop and deliver technologies to protect and improve the health of American forests. This book was published by FHTET as part of the technology transfer series. acknowlEdgmEnts We would like to thank all of the county weed superintendents and land managers that we have worked with through the years for encouraging us to develop our series of biology and biological control manuals. We would like to thank Jennifer Andreas (Washington State University Extension), Richard Old (XID Services, Inc.), and other excellent photographers who contributed many of the photographs in this manual. We also wish to acknowledge Jennifer Andreas for her extensive help in gathering species distribution information. Some of the material in this manual was adapted from the manual for the Biology and Biological Control of Leafy Spurge. We wish to acknowledge the authors of the adapted material (Drs. Rob Bourchier and Andrew Norton).