Obesity in Pregnancy
The epidemiology of maternal obesity is described, the metabolic changes seen in pregnancy are identified, and the anticipated maternal, fetal, and obstetric risks are detailed.
Abstract
Maternal obesity is becoming an increasingly prevalent condition. Women entering pregnancy with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 face higher rates of maternal and fetal complications as a result of their obesity. Additionally, obese patients may have concomitant comorbidities that further increase pregnancy risks. Patients and their physicians must be aware of the risks faced in pregnancy and outline a plan of care including counseling, antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum care in order to lower the risks as much as possible. In this chapter, we describe the epidemiology of maternal obesity, identify the metabolic changes seen in pregnancy, and detail the anticipated maternal, fetal, and obstetric risks. Finally, we examine the existing evidence surrounding pregnancy management, and delineate evidence-based guidelines for this patient population in order to decrease morbidity.