White Holes and Black Holes

Abstract

Physicists have theories about white holes: cosmic monsters that overlap the line between tall tale and actuality. Yet to be seen in the space, white holes might be only mathematical giants. But according to recent research, if a speculative theory known as loop quantum gravity is true, white holes could be not just only real but we might have already observed them. A white whole is, somewhat, the reverse of a black hole. [10] That’s what some physicists have argued for years: That black holes are the ultimate vaults, entities that suck in information and then evaporate without leaving behind any clues as to what they once contained. But new research shows that this perspective may not be correct. [9] Considering the positive logarithmic values as the measure of entropy and the negative logarithmic values as the measure of information we get the Information – Entropy Theory of Physics, used first as the model of the computer chess program built in the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Applying this model to physics we have an understanding of the perturbation theory of the QED and QCD as the Information measure of Physics. We have an insight to the current research of Quantum Information Science. The generalization of the Weak Interaction shows the arrow of time in the associate research fields of the biophysics and others. We discuss also the event horizon of the Black Holes, closing the information inside. Are White Holes Real? According to Caltech physicist Sean Carroll, a black hole is a region of space where you can enter but you can never escape due to its powerful gravitational pull; a white hole is a region where you choice of leaving but you can never go back. Otherwise both share precisely the similar mathematics, precisely the same geometry. That boils down to some vital features: a singularity, where mass is pressed into a point of infinite density, and have an event horizon, the unseen “point of no return” first defined mathematically by the German physicist Karl Schwarzschild in 1916. For a black hole, the event horizon symbolizes a one-way entry; for a white hole, it’s exit-only scenario. There is definite proof that black holes truly exist, and astrophysicists have a strong understanding of what it requires to make one. Visualize a white Hole is hard. One prospect comprises a spinning black hole. According to Einstein’s general theory of relativity, the rotation smudges the singularity into a circle, creating it imaginable in theory to travel through the spinning black hole without being crushed. General relativity’s equations propose that someone dropping into such a black hole might go through a tunnel in space-time called a wormhole and appear from a white hole that its matters into a different areas of space or even period of time. Although mathematical answers to those equations exist for white holes, Andrew Hamilton, an astrophysicist at the University of Colorado at Boulder say “they’re does not exist in reality,” .That is because they define universes that comprise only black holes, white holes and wormholes—no matter, radiation or even energy. Certainly, earlier research, counting Hamilton’s, proposes that anything that falls into a rotating black hole will basically plug up the wormhole, avoiding the creation of a channel to a white hole. Einstein’s General Relativity, from which Hamilton draws his calculations, breaks down at a singularity of a black hole. Stephen Hsu, a physicist at Michigan State University in East Lansing, says “The energy density and the curvature become so large that classical gravity is not a good description of what’s happening there. Maybe a more comprehensive model of gravity—one that works as well on the quantum level as it does on bulky ones—would disprove the variability and allow for white holes.” Certainly, a unified theory that combines gravity and quantum mechanics is one of the holy grails of modern physics. Applying one such theory to black holes, theorists Hal Haggard and Carlo Rovelli of Aix-Marseille University in France have presented that black holes could transform into white holes via a quantum procedure. In July last year, they issued their work online. Loop quantum gravity suggests that space-time is fabricated of fundamental construction blocks formed like loops. According to Haggard and Rovelli, the loops’ limited size stops a dying star from collapsing all the way down into a point of endless bulk, and the shrinking object recoils into a white hole instead. The black-to-white transformation could resolve a nettlesome puzzle known as the black hole information paradox. The idea that information can be destroyed is abomination in physics, and general relativity states that anything, counting information, that drops into a black hole can never escape. It does not mean that s black holes only act as protected safes for any information they slurp up, but Stephen Hawking presented 40 years ago that black holes essentially evaporate with time. That directed to the alarming prospect that the information confined within black hole could be lost too, generating a discussion that rages to this day. [10] Proposed Resolution For the Black Hole Information Paradox “According to our work, information isn’t lost once it enters a black hole,” says Dejan Stojkovic, PhD, associate professor of physics at the University at Buffalo. “It doesn’t just disappear.” Stojkovic’s new study, “Radiation from a Collapsing Object is Manifestly Unitary,” appeared on March 17 in Physical Review Letters, with UB PhD student Anshul Saini as co-author. The paper outlines how interactions between particles emitted by a black hole can reveal information about what lies within, such as characteristics of the object that formed the black hole to begin with, and characteristics of the matter and energy drawn inside. This is an important discovery, Stojkovic says, because even physicists who believed information was not lost in black holes have struggled to show, mathematically, how this happens. His new paper presents explicit calculations demonstrating how information is preserved, he says. The research marks a significant step toward solving the “information loss paradox,” a problem that has plagued physics for almost 40 years, since Stephen Hawking first proposed that black holes could radiate energy and evaporate over time. This posed a huge problem for the field of physics because it meant that information inside a black hole could be permanently lost when the black hole disappeared—a violation of quantum mechanics, which states that information must be conserved. Information Hidden in Particle Interactions: In the 1970s, Hawking proposed that black holes were capable of radiating particles, and that the energy lost through this process would cause the black holes to shrink and eventually disappear. Hawking further concluded that the particles emitted by a black hole would provide no clues about what lay inside, meaning that any information held within a black hole would be completely lost once the entity evaporated. Though Hawking later said he was wrong and that information could escape from black holes, the subject of whether and how it’s possible to recover information from a black hole has remained a topic of debate. Stojkovic and Saini’s new paper helps to clarify the story. Instead of looking only at the particles a black hole emits, the study also takes into account the subtle interactions between the particles. By doing so, the research finds that it is possible for an observer standing outside of a black hole to recover information about what lies within. Interactions between particles can range from gravitational attraction to the exchange of mediators like photons between particles. Such “correlations” have long been known to exist, but many scientists discounted them as unimportant in the past. [9] Considering the chess game as a model of physics In the chess game there is also the same question, if the information or the material is more important factor of the game? There is also the time factor acting as the Second Law of Thermodynamics, and the arrow of time gives a growing disorder from the starting position. When I was student of physics at the Lorand Eotvos University of Sciences, I succeeded to earn the master degree in chess, before the master degree in physics. I used my physics knowledge to see the chess game on the basis of Information – Entropy Theory and giving a presentation in the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, proposed a research of chess programming. Accepting my idea there has built the first Hungarian Chess Program "PAPA" which is participated on the 1 st World Computer Chess Championship in Stockholm 1974. [1] The basic theory on which one chess program can be constructed is that there exists a general characteristic of the game of chess, namely the concept of entropy. This concept has been employed in physics for a long time. In the case of a gas, it is the logarithm of the number of those microscopic states compatible with the macroscopic parameters of the gas. What does this mean in terms of chess? A common characteristic of every piece is that it could move to certain squares, including by capture. In any given position, therefore, the pieces by the rules of the game possess certain states, only one of which will be realized on the next move. The difference of the logarithm of the numbers of such states for Black and White respectively is the "entropy of the position". The task of the computer is then to increase this value for its own benefit. Every chess player knows that the more mobility his pieces have and the more constrained are his opponent's, the better his position. For example, checkmate is the best possible state for the attacker, and the chess program playing according to the above principle without the prior notion of checkmate will automatically attempt it if possible. Entropy is a principle of statistical physics and there