THE METHODS OF TEACHING

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Abstract

This article focuses on the sacred songs of the Tatars, in particular the genres of book intonement. Researches on the problems of ethnogenesis of the population of the Volga-Ural region make it possible to distinguish local ethnic groups of both Finno-Ugric and Turkic origin. Here, along with the genres of ritual and non-ritual song folklore, which are most common among the Finno-Ugric peoples, the modern existence of the tradition of book intonement represented by such genres as baits and munajats characteristic of the Tatars of the Muslim religion is noted. The earliest layers of spiritual culture are reflected in the ritual system, and the functioning of non-ritual folklore genres discovered during the expeditions has shades of a later process of their formation among the Tatars of the Volga-Ural region. In this case it is the Muslim religion that has become a factor in the general ethnic self-awareness, and, consequently, in the emergence of a common cultural field in the region. To a greater extent, the spiritual genres of book singing that have survived among the Tatars are also of a religious nature. The spread of Islam influenced the development of the ideology and culture of the Tatar population, leaving a certain mark on the development of musical and poetic traditions of the region on the whole. This is evidenced by the preservation of a number of genres of sacred songs among the Tatars, among which are baits, munajats, the tradition of book singing, which, along with ritual and family song genres, undoubtedly represent a distinctive layer of Tatar musical culture, which definitely arouses scientific interest.