Preclinical and clinical data related to the importance of immune responses to radiotherapy-induced anti-tumor effects, as well as blockade of immune checkpoints PD-1/PD-L1 and/or CTLA-4 in combination with radiotherapy are reviewed.
The majority of cancer patients receive radiotherapy. Wang et al. review preclinical and clinical data related to the importance of immune responses to radiotherapy-induced anti-tumor effects, as well as blockade of immune checkpoints PD-1/PD-L1 and/or CTLA-4 in combination with radiotherapy.