Dielectric, Elastic and Piezoelectric Losses in Piezoelectric Materials
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Abstract
A tutorial description is given for losses in piezoelectric materials, The piezoelectric ceramics have many applications of interest and they serve as excel- lent examples of materials with dissipation. The author has included dielectric, e lastic and piezoelectric d issipation parameters for the last 15 years in the development of a family of computer mathematical models for the design of underwater acoustic transducers. The work applies to the characterization of the p roperties of piezoelectric materials generally and the ferroelectric ceramics in particular. A brief historical sumnary is presented to relate the Van Dyke equivalent circuit and a more complete description of dissipation in mathematical models. including complex and/or magnitude of impedance along with the analytical procedures needed to evaluate the material constraints. Various measurement techniques are described