Biofuels or smoking cars?
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Abstract
данных двигателей перед своими «коллегами», работающими на нефтяных топливах. Ключевые слова: биотопливо после двигателя, автомобиль, этанол, рапсовое масло. The necessity of using eco-friendly biofuels for motor vehicles is justified. The possibilities and ways of using biofuels based on alcohols (methanol, ethanol), rapeseed oil and rapeseed oil methyl ether are analyzed. The physical processes that prove the effectiveness and reliable reduction of soot content in the exhaust gases (EG) of cars when using these biofuels are considered. For a deep understanding of the main mechanisms of formation of soot particles, the processes of their growth, morphology and microstructure of aggregate states are considered. Images of soot particle agglomer-ates taken using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy are described, which characterize both more and less branched aggregates consisting of tens and hundreds of spherical or almost spherical primary particles. It is proved that the union (coalescence) of soot particles to granules is the technical moment of removing the aggregate structure, which determines the nature of the dispersion of primary particles. The results of theoretical studies of the smoke content of EG diesel engines running on biofuels using the calculation method according to the acetylene theory are presented. An effective reduction of not only the smoke content of EG engines through the use of ecological biofuels, but also a reduction of almost the entire spectrum of toxic components while maintaining the power performance of the engine was experimentally obtained. At the same time, it is necessary to note the complete (100%) replacement of oil motor fuel with alternative fuel, which is an absolute advantage of these engines over their “colleagues” working on oil fuels.