Top Research Papers on Climate Change

The Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a comprehensive assessment of the physical science basis of climate change. It considers in situ and remote observations; paleoclimate information; understanding of climate drivers and physical, chemical, and biological processes and feedbacks; global and regional climate modelling; advances in methods of analyses; and insights from climate services. It assesses the current state of the climate; human influence on climate in all regions; future climate change includi...

Increased atmospheric CO(2) concentrations may increase forest growth where the effect is not offset by reduced precipitation, but the overall effect of anticipated changes in global climate is likely to be widespread loss of forests.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Land (SRCCL) is the most comprehensive and up-to-date scientific assessment of the multiple interactions between climate change and land, assessing climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food ...

IPCC Special the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing third Special Report on This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC), is the third Special Report to be produced in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) cycle. Its findings reinforce those of the two earlier Special Reports, the IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5ºC and the IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Land. The report was jointly prepared by Working Groups I and II, with the Working Group II Technical Support Unit leading the operationa...

Although the Gulf Coast ecoregion is one of North America's most diverse and productive, frequent hurricanes on the coast, fires in the dry upland areas, and the pounding ocean surf ensure that these ecosystems are constantly responding to the demanding climate.

The Working Group II contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a comprehensive assessment of the scientific literature relevant to climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. The report recognizes the interactions of climate, ecosystems and biodiversity, and human societies, and integrates across the natural, ecological, social and economic sciences. It emphasizes how efforts in adaptation and in reducing greenhouse gas emissions can come together in a process called climate resilient development, which enables a live...

In climate change mitigation, the building sector is assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC). The Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) is a comprehensive assessment of the current state of knowledge on climate change, including the physical science basis, impacts, adaptation, and mitigation. The IPCC-AR6 emphasizes that the building sector is critical during 2020-2030 to avoid lock-in CO2 emissions. However, readily available, and highly cost-effective actions that can be undertaken now to reduce CO2 emissions in the building sector are identified. The sufficiency, efficien...

Climate change is expected to cause irreversible changes to biodiversity, but predicting those risks remains uncertain. I synthesized 485 studies and more than 5 million projections to produce a quantitative global assessment of climate change extinctions. With increased certainty, this meta-analysis suggests that extinctions will accelerate rapidly if global temperatures exceed 1.5°C. The highest-emission scenario would threaten approximately one-third of species, globally. Amphibians; species from mountain, island, and freshwater ecosystems; and species inhabiting South America, Australia, a...

Underscoring the importance of coherence between gender-responsive climate policies and the balanced participation of women and men in the Convention process and the provisions of international instruments and outcomes such as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,

Prudent risk management requires consideration of bad-to-worst-case scenarios. Yet, for climate change, such potential futures are poorly understood. Could anthropogenic climate change result in worldwide societal collapse or even eventual human extinction? At present, this is a dangerously underexplored topic. Yet there are ample reasons to suspect that climate change could result in a global catastrophe. Analyzing the mechanisms for these extreme consequences could help galvanize action, improve resilience, and inform policy, including emergency responses. We outline current knowledge about ...

Climate change disrupts food production in many regions of the world. The accompanying extreme weather events, such as droughts, floods, heat waves, and cold snaps, pose threats to crops. The concentration of carbon dioxide also increases in the atmosphere. The United Nations is implementing the climate-smart agriculture initiative to ensure food security. An element of this project involves the breeding of climate-resilient crops or plant cultivars with enhanced resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions. Modern agriculture, which is currently homogeneous, needs to diversify the speci...

Climate change is a defining element of the current ecological landscape, with consequences ranging from global to local environments and research has moved beyond simple descriptions of these temporal changes to investigations of their root causes, impacts, and consequences at both ecological and evolutionary time scales.

Climate change is inevitable, and developing countries such as Pakistan are more affected by it than any other state in the region. Floods, droughts, and harsh weather will put pressure on depleting resources. In a poverty-stricken country where health, education, and housing are the main issues, climate-responsive policies are of least concern. Mass migration for better living standards has triggered urbanization, causing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions on an unparalleled scale in cities, which is the major contributor to climate change. The five carbon-emitting sectors in Pakistan are Buildin...

Climate change has already had a significant impact on both tangible and intangible cultural heritage globally. Climate change-induced impacts on tangible cultural heritage include historic buildings being damaged by increasing sea levels, and harm caused to coral reefs as a result of increased water temperatures to give just two examples. In the sphere of intangible cultural heritage, climate change can lead communities to abandon their environment and related customs and practices, influencing how they live, eat, work, socialize and worship. Given the spiritual connection between Indigenous ...

Dr Jennifer Rudd shares her reaction to hearing that the world could be on track for 4 °C of global heating in her lifetime and describes how she has made dramatic changes to her home life, her career and her lifestyle and launched a new climate change education programme called You and CO2.

Human behavior plays a critical role in causing global climate change as well as in responding to it. In this article, I review important insights on the psychology of climate change. I first discuss factors that affect the likelihood that individuals engage in a wide range of climate actions. Next, I review the processes through which values affect climate actions and reflect on how to motivate climate actions among people who do not strongly care about nature, the environment, and climate change. Then I explain that even people who may be motivated to engage in climate actions may not do so ...

Description The seminar's goal is to motivate and enable students to take substantial steps toward a more sustainable world. It provides them with the tools they need to make a difference. Throughout the seminar, students will investigate the major environmental and climate change challenges confronting Jordanian communities. Water scarcity, sustainable energy production, food security, and the impact of refugees on natural resources will be among the topics addressed. The seminar takes a multifaceted approach, incorporating informative lectures, site visits to rural areas where communities an...

Booth (2024) recently criticized our review on climate change and global species extinctions because we mentioned studies of introduced species but not forestry trials (deliberately introduced trees). However, as noted by Booth (2024), a relevant database is lacking for these trials, thus preventing their inclusion. More broadly, we suggest that researchers interested in extinction and other impacts of climate change should focus directly on studying the recent effects of climate change, rather than on introduced species, forestry trials, or other more indirect lines of evidence.

This review has discussed the impact of climate change on invasive species, how it is affecting the species distribution of insects, and various secondary effects of increase in temperature on the insects, and how the increased level of CO2 is going to adversely affect the various insect species and thus impact the authors' agriculture.

Warming temperatures are enabling the migration, introduction, and mounting abundance of thermophilic and thermotolerant fungal species, including those producing mycotoxins, with the effect of influencing the prevalence and co-occurrence of mycotoxins in the future.

It is well established that global warming surpassing 1.5-2°C above pre-industrial levels will cause irreversible damage to our world. The adverse rise in global temperatures is accelerated by anthropogenic activity such as greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation. While certain scenarios have been projected to significantly lower global warming rates, most of these developments will require immediate global top-down policy shifts. Several international treaties and agreements have been created to combat climate change. Nonetheless, these remain ineffective at creating meaningful...

On the ground that climate change poses a great threat to societies and economies, it became evident for policy makers that attention should be given to the problem of adaptation, i.e. adaptation measures should be undertaken to minimize the adverse impacts of climate change. As the debate on the adverse impacts of climate change advanced at international level, states are taking actions at national, regional and local levels. Along with the increase awareness regarding importance of adaptation, regulations designed to prepare states to strengthen their resilience to climate change, has been ...

Increases in concurrent climate extremes in different parts of the world threaten the ecosystem and our society. However, spatial patterns of these extremes and their past and future changes remain unclear. Here, we develop a statistical framework to test for spatial dependence and show widespread dependence of temperature and precipitation extremes in observations and model simulations, with more frequent than expected concurrence of extremes around the world. Historical anthropogenic forcing has strengthened the concurrence of temperature extremes over 56% of 946 global paired regions, parti...

of natural disasters. A range of measures can be taken under the current WTO Agreements that can help impacted countries and their trading partners to mitigate the effects of natural disasters in the context of a three-phased approach – immediate response, recovery and resilience. Findings from “Natural Disasters and Trade: Study I” suggest that “there is significant potential to advance actions that will support preparedness in the face of specific, known hazards”, and that the negative impacts of natural disasters can be mitigated through effective trade-related measures under the multilater...

ABSTRACT Hemer, M.A.; Church, J.A. and Hunter, J.R., 2007. Waves and climate change on the Australian coast, SI 50 (Proceedings of the 9th International Coastal Symposium), 432 – 437. Gold Coast, Australia, ISSN 0749.0208. There is a need to plan for the impacts of coastal erosion in response to climate change Australia-wide. A deep-water wave climatology of the Australian region is determined, which is required as boundary conditions for coastal wave models. Available wave data for the Australian region has been analysed to determine the mean climatology and interannual variability of mean si...

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This Element presents a necessary intervention within the rapidly expanding field of research in the environmental humanities on climate change and environmental literacy. In contrast to the dominant, science-centred literacy debates, which largely ignore the unique resources of the humanities, it asks: How does literary reading contribute to climate change communication? How does this contribution relate to recent demands for environmental and related literacies? Rather than reducing the function of literature to a more pleasurable form of information transfer or its affective dimension of ev...

This commentary discusses the links between climate change and cancer prevention and control, provides examples of adaptation and mitigation efforts, and describes opportunities and resources for future research.

Contrary to much of the conventional wisdom, taking stronger actions on climate change may enhance economic growth, even as conventionally measured, but even more so, in terms of societal well-being. We identify the flaws in the models and analyses which contend that there must be a trade-off and explain the mechanisms and dynamic forces which have the potential to enhance growth. Critically, there are numerous market failures that result in suboptimal economic performance. We explain how addressing climate change reduces the bite of these failures and enhances the incentives and political w...

Climate change is one of the core challenges of humankind – and legacy news media continue to be important sources of information about the issue for many people around the globe. Accordingly, how news media portray climate change is important for public awareness and perceptions of the issue. The labeling of the topic – which may rely on more neutral terms like “climate change” or “global warming” or more alarming terms like “climate crisis”, “climate emergency” or “global heating” – is an important facet in this respect. In step with the increasing importance of the issue, outlets such as th...

Pekrun and his colleagues highlight the significance and diversity of emotion in education. Their analysis suggests that these emotions can be categorised by their stimuli into those related to the classroom: activities, outcomes, relationships, topics and knowledge processes (epistemic). Most research in this area has focused on achievement emotions, with relatively limited research exploring topic emotions. This paper develops a framework for conceptualising topic emotions. It reports on a design‐based study that captured children's expressions of emotion in response to a climate change educ...

How rising temperatures and extreme heat events may affect the kidney is discussed, with increasing evidence that climate change and heat stress may have a contributory role in these conditions, although other causes including toxins could also be involved.

ABSTRACT In this intervention, we call for extending the critical lens of intersectionality to the field of climate justice. We do so by identifying the theoretical and methodological links through which intersectionality can benefit climate change studies. These include common roots in radical theory, a focus on marginalized populations, challenging dominant epistemologies and ontologies, similar strategies for pursuing social justice, de-emphasizing of positivist methodologies, while at the same time deploying similar research methods, embracing cross-scalar and spatio-temporal analysis, and...

Climate changes, particularly global warming, are attributable to human activities, mainly fossil fuel burning which releases greenhouse gases such as CO2. The emissions of CO2 continue to rise, and climate models project 1.1°C to 6.4°C rise of average surface temperature over the 21 century. Health effects from global warming range from increased mortality by extreme weather, floods, and storms to increase of diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, and diarrhea. Korea is not immune to health impacts from global warming. Data on daily temperature of Seoul in 1994 showed a clear association wit...

Introduction, D. Eisma The World Heat Budget: Expected Changes, C.J.E. Schuurmans Recorded Sea Level Variability in the Holocene and Expected Future Changes, N.-A. Morner Present and Future Sea Level: The Effects of Predicted Global Changes, E.C.F. Bird River Flux to the Sea: Impact of Human Intervention on River Systems and Adjacent Coastal Areas, J.D. Milliman and M. Ren Response of Estuaries to Climate Change, K.R. Dyer Effects of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Sedimentation and Erosion, J.T. Wells Sea Level Rise: A Worldwide Assessment of Risk and Protection Costs, F.M.J. Hoozemans and C.H. Hul...

Climate change (CC) poses one of the foremost challenges for humanity in the 21st century [...].

Scientific assessments now clearly demonstrate the ecologic and societal consequences of human-induced climate change, as detailed by the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Abstract This special collection examines insurance as an increasingly central mechanism in shaping how the effects of climate change are transforming local economies and ways of life. The papers study a range of exemplary cases, ranging from agricultural micro-insurance in development policy and regional sovereign risk facilities in the Caribbean to public and private insurance in the United States. This framing essay situates these papers in a longer tradition of scholarship on the government of risk and security. It also describes three themes that run through the papers: the economization ...

The existential threat posed by climate change presents a challenge to all those concerned about the next generation. This Element reviews and discusses its implications for the development of children (ages 0-12) today and in the future, and for the parents, teachers, researchers, and professionals who have responsibility for children. This Element adopts a bioecological model to examine both the direct impacts on children's physical and psychological well-being as well as indirect impacts through all the systems external to the child, emphasizing the greater vulnerability of children in the ...

Global warming has already caused our planet to heat up by around 1°C. This warming is causing a huge range of impacts. For example, heat waves are becoming more severe and affecting humans and animals; in some places, rivers are flooding more frequently due to heavy rainfall; droughts in other parts of the world are affecting crops. These changes can have a huge effect on people, making it difficult to grow food, find shelter, and avoid dangerous weather such as storms and heat waves. Many people have needed to leave their homes to search for safer places to live because the climate has chang...

Impacts of Climate Change in the Philippines include threats to biodiversity such as coral loss, declining rice yields, more intense droughts, and higher sea-level rise. While there is a strong scientific consensus that human-caused greenhouse gas emissions are generating climate change that then contributes to stronger typhoons, the Filipinos have low responsibility for causing climate change. The struggle that is faced by the Philippines, as well as other developing countries, is more than just an environmental problem, it is an example of climate injustice.

There is a bidirectional relationship between adiposity and global warming, and one should be willing to learn more about the environmental impact, how to minimize consumption of energy generating carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions, and to reduce food waste.

This paper exploits newly available information on firms' direct (own production) and indirect (supplier-generated) carbon emission intensities and transaction-level imports to conduct an in-depth analysis of whether and how U.S. firms address climate change. We find robust evidence that U.S. firms' imports amplify the substitutional relationship between their direct and indirect carbon emissions, suggesting that these firms outsource part of their pollution to suppliers overseas. Our key evidence is further substantiated by quasi-natural experiments associated with demand and supply shocks to...

Long term changes in Earth’s climate or weather pattern over a region is called climate change. Climate change is more than global warming because global warming refers only to the rising temperature of Earth’s surface whereas climate change includes warming along with its side effects like melting of glaciers, rising sea-levels, frequently occurring droughts, heavy rainstorms etc. The rise in average temperature is only one indicator of broader changes also translating into extreme temperatures, drought, flooding, storms, rising sea levels, impacts on food production, and infectious diseases....

This editorial is joining other medical journal editors on a “call for urgent action to keep average global temperature increases below 1.5°C, halt the destruction of nature, and protect health,” and will appear simultaneously in 233 scientific journals throughout the world in advance of this year's UN General Assembly, the UN Biodiversity Conference, and the UN Climate Change Conference.

To better understand the role of internal climate variability (ICV) in climate change impact studies, this study quantifies the importance of ICV [defined as the intermember variability of a single model initial-condition large ensemble (SMILE)] in relation to the anthropogenic climate change (ACC; defined as multimodel ensemble mean) in global and regional climate change using a criterion of time of emergence (ToE). The uncertainty of the estimated ToE is specifically investigated by using three SMILEs to estimate the ICV. The results show that using 1921–40 as a baseline period, the annual m...

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON PROGRESS, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Climate change is a serious issue that we must face. It requires action that goes beyond just scientific methods and includes insights from religious teachings. The Holy Qur'an, which often mentions weather and climate, hasn't been fully explored by religious scholars in this area. These texts show weather as a sign of God's power, and as a way to show kindness or punishment. This study suggests a fresh examination of the Qur'an's climate-related stories, looking for links with past weather events and God's messages. It argues that Islamic principles could help us address the climate crisis an...

Migrations and displacements are traditionally considered only as a negative consequence of the lack of adaptation of communities to disasters and climate change processes. However, it is also necessary to emphasize that migration often represents a fundamental strategy for the adaptation or survival of families to processes of environmental degradation. In this framework, it is important to consider migratory phenomena from the perspective of adaptation processes to climate change

We revisit the notion of climate, along with its historical evolution, tracing the origin of the modern concerns about climate. The notion (and the scientific term) of climate was established during the Greek antiquity in a geographical context and it acquired its statistical content (average weather) in modern times after meteorological measurements had become common. Yet the modern definitions of climate are seriously affected by the wrong perception of the previous two centuries that climate should regularly be constant, unless an external agent acts upon it. Therefore, we attempt to give a...