Top Research Papers on Creatine

It can be concluded that creatine supplementation has several health and therapeutic benefits throughout the lifespan.

It is shown that Slc6a8-/y mice have widely varying organ-specific uptake of Cr-d3, significantly diminished growth with the exception of brain, progressive vacuolar myopathy, and markedly shortened lifespan.

Creatine is a popular and widely used ergogenic dietary supplement among athletes, for which studies have consistently shown increased lean muscle mass and exercise capacity when used with short-duration, high-intensity exercise.

There is a potential for creatine supplementation to improve cognitive processing, especially in conditions characterized by brain creatine deficits, which could be induced by acute stressors or chronic, pathologic conditions.

A brief description of creatine's influence on cognition with probable implications for future research on this intriguing topic is provided.

The present data suggest that fetal endogenous Cr synthesis covers the needs at the end of pregnancy, however, high colostrum Cr and HM Cr levels, independent of macronutrient composition, suggest that there may be a critical Cr demand immediately after birth that needs to be covered by enteral supply.

The purpose of this article is to summarize the rationale, prevalence of use, performance benefits, clinical applications, and safety of creatine use in children and adolescents.

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Given the known physiological effects of creatine, intradialytic creatine supplementation may help to maintain creatine homeostasis among dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease patients, and consequently improve muscle status, nutritional status, neurocognitive status, HRQoL.

Cyanamide is reacted with sodium or potassium sarcosinate in water or a mixture of water with an organic solvent at 20-50°C and pH7.0 to afford creatine or creatine monhydrate.

RGX-202, a small-molecule creatine transporter SLC6A8 inhibitor, suppresses colorectal cancer and modulates human creatine levels.

Treatment with creatine supplementation, either alone or in combination with creatine precursors (arginine or glycine), has been attempted; the efficacy of therapy, however, remains controversial.

The current knowledge of creatine physiology and metabolism in fish, and possible parallels with metabolism in livestock species, mammalian models and human as well as the benefits obtained from creatine supplementation are described.

Pending additional trials, creatine supplementation in heart failure may be useful given data showing its effectiveness against specific parameters of heart failure, and against the decrease in muscle strength and endurance of heart Failure patients.

While creatine supplementation demonstrates promise as a therapeutic aid, more research is needed to fill gaps in knowledge within medical rehabilitation.

The possible therapeutic role of creatine supplementation on glucose management and as a potential anti-diabetic intervention is explored, summarizing the current knowledge and highlighting the research gaps.

The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the current body of research pertaining to creatine supplementation on total creatine and phophorylcreatine content, explore GAA as an alternative or adjunct to creatine supplementation on brain creatine uptake, assess the impact of creatine on cognition with a focus on sleep deprivation, and outline recent advances on creatine supplementation as a neuroprotective supplement.

Measure creatine kinase if a patient on statin therapy develops muscle pain and warrant investigation for underlying secondary causes including endocrine, autoimmune, and genetic disorders.

Creatine is a molecule that stores energy in muscle tissue and is produced in the liver when guanidinoacetic acid is methylated. Guanidinoacetic acid supplementation can improve creatine supply in growing cattle and possibly improve performance when the methyl group (i.e., methionine) supply is adequate. Creatine synthesis increases methyl group consumption, so providing methyl group sources other than methionine, such as choline, may also allow for benefits to guanidinoacetic acid supplementation. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of guanidinoacetic acid and creatine supplementation i...

This review aims to shed light onto the potential mechanisms in which creatine may be able to serve as a beneficial supplement capable of imparting vascular-protective properties and promoting vascular health.

To estimate the exchange rate of creatine (Cr) CEST and to evaluate the pH sensitivity of guanidinium (Guan) CEST in the mouse brain.

Higher Cr/Crn and lower myostatin were associated with lower motor performance and predictive of concurrent functional performance when combined with age, and could explain up to 75% of the variance of concurrentfunctional performance of the NSAA, TMRv, and 6MWT.

A parallel version of the MITOCHONDRIAL END of the CREATINE PHOSPHATE SHU TILE and the U SE of CREatine PHO SPHATE to REGENERATE ATP are studied.

Int,erference with the usual calorimetric procedures for determining crcatinine and creatine in the urine of diabetics and of those undergoing Aarvation has long been attributed to the presence of acetone bodies and glucose, but the conversion of glucose and other sugars to interfering acids during the hydrolysis of creatine introduces an error which makes the creatininecreatinc value qucstionablc.

Considering an acceptable creatine intake of 3 g per day, most of the evaluated creatine forms are unlikely to pose safety concerns, however some safety concerns regarding a supplementary intake of creatine orotate, creatine phosphate, and magnesium creatine chelate are discussed here.

Process for preparing creatine or creatine monohydrate by reaction of sodium sarcosinate or potassium with cyanamide at a temperature of 20 to 150 ° C and a pH of 7.0 to 14.0, wherein the adjustment value pH is carried out with carbonic acid.

While supplementation did not rescue mild neuropathology caused by UCO, creatine did result in gene expression changes that may influence in utero cerebral development, including increased expression of anti-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory genes.

To assess the feasibility of CEST‐based creatine (Cr) mapping in brain at 3T using the guanidino (Guan) proton resonance.

Pre-clinical and clinical evidence indicates positive effects from creatine supplementation on mood and cognition, possibly by restoring brain energy levels and homeostasis, and creatine supplementation may be even more effective for females by supporting a pro-energetic environment in the brain.

It can be con cluded that the size of the body pool of creatine can be influenced by dietary creatine, administration of precursor amino acids can increase the rate of synthesis of creatine, and creatinine output is a constant fraction of theBody creatine pool and can change independently of lean body mass.

There was no direct relationship between apparent muscle CrT abundance and Cr uptake rates, however, Cr uptake rate scaled inversely with decreases in muscle Cr(total) in the high-oxidative muscle types but not in the WG, implying that factors controlling Cr uptake are different among fiber types.

CK-MB activities were significantly higher in hypertensive subjects compared to normotensive controls and gender specific differences in the CK-MB levels of male and female hypertensives.

The goal of this chapter is to summarize how creatine and its associated enzyme, creatine kinase, act under normal physiological conditions, and how altered levels of either may lead to detrimental functional outcomes.

A 27-year-old male with new-onset seizures who was started on levetiracetam therapy and found to have elevated creatine kinase (CK), which decreased only with tapering of the drug is presented, supporting this rare side effect of the antiseizure medication.

Creatine emerges as a promising adjunct therapy for enhancing cognitive functions and promoting emotional well-being beyond its traditional role in physical performance, particularly in populations with kidney diseases or those using medications affecting kidney function.

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It is suggested that creatine is as an effective adjuvant therapeutic to breathing exercises for tackling the clinical features in long-COVID.

Here, it is tended to argue for an alternative mechanism based on the classical CK/phosphocreatine shuttle and phosphocreatingine-driven futile Ca2+-cycling at the endoplasmic reticulum.

Paper chromatography and thin-layer chromatography of selected sera indicate that endogenous creatine is the major source of interference in the colorimtric procedure and patients with abnormally high values for serum creatinine should have their creatine kinase activity assessed.

It is concluded that there is only a modest increase in the need to provide creatine during lactation and that this may be largely provided by hyperphagia when creatine is present in the food.

It is proposed a method for the preparation of creatine, creatine monohydrate or guanidinoacetic acid, which first N-methyl ethanolamine or ethanolamine are catalytically dehydrogenated in each alkaline solution and finally the Sarkosinat- thus obtained or glycinate solutions under acidic conditions with a guanylating agent such as eg. O-alkylisourea or cyanamide can be reacted. In this way, products are obtained in high yields and excellent purity, in contrast with the prior art no traces of hydrogen cyanide, formaldehyde, chlorine acetic acid or ammonia are included. The formation of the tox...

To systematically evaluate evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions directly targeting the creatine kinase system as compared to placebo control in adult patients with essential hypertension, heart failure, or myocardial infarction, Randomized controlled trials were conducted.

A new synthesis method of kinesonourishmentcreatine was introduced. Based on optimizing synthesis technology route, the optimum conditions of synthesizing Nalkylation were obtained:the molar ratio of Smethyl isothiourea sulfate to Sodium sarcosine is 1∶0.9; reaction temperature∶ 33°C;reaction time∶ 5hour;reaction pH∶11～12.

This chapter discusses the biochemical basis for the Therapeutic Role of Creatine and Creatine Phosphate in the Cardiovascular System, and the role of the Creatine Kinase/CreatinePhosphate System Studied by Molecular Biology.

The potential of CR to impact the host outside of the musculoskeletal system, specifically, the immune system, is examined, and available data demonstrating that CR can impact both innate and adaptive immune responses are discussed, together with how the effects on theimmune system might be exploited to enhance human health.

GAA as a food component can have several important metabolic roles beyond creatine biosynthesis; future studies are highly warranted to address GAA overall role in human nutrition.

Semen contains high amounts of Cr and increased CK activity, suggesting that Cr is of importance for sperm metabolism and that Cr supplementation could be useful in males with poor quality sperm.

Treatment with oral creatine monohydrate demonstrated no observable increase in brain creatine with proton MRS and no improvement in clinical symptoms, and a novel brain creatine deficiency syndrome most likely representing a creatine transporter defect is reported.

The largest change in the CK system associated with suppression of hypoxic seizures in Cr-treated rabbits is increased PCr in gray and white matter.

The purpose of this brief narrative review is to discuss the potential mechanisms of how creatine can affect endurance performance, defined as large muscle mass activities that are cyclical in nature and are >~3 min in duration, and to highlight specific nuances within the literature.