Top Research Papers on Defence and Strategic Studies

An extensive review of the threats of federated learning, as well as as their corresponding countermeasures, attacks versus defences, and guidelines for selecting the most adequate defence method according to the category of the adversarial attack are presented.

The present study discusses the strategic role of gastronomy in destinations from the perspective of three theoretical foundations of strategic management, namely Resource-Based View (RBV), Emergent Strategy (ES), and Positioning Strategy (PS). Several concepts from the field of gastronomy are used, such as gastronomic identity, tourist behaviours (motivation, experience, consumption), a sense of place, and food image. Utilizing this multi-disciplinary literature, the present study provides an integrative review and develops a model explaining the strategic role of gastronomy in tourism destin...

The authors attempt to provide a detailed discussion on different types of adversarial attacks with various threat models and also elaborate on the efficiency and challenges of recent countermeasures against them.

It is argued that the range of plant traits that mediate indirect defence is much greater than previously thought, and major concepts surrounding their ecological functioning are further organised.

It is demonstrated that the vanilla triplet loss shows competitive performance compared to classification-based losses, and those trained with the proposed metric learning objective outperform state-of-the-art methods.

Strategists have unique skills and abilities to connect the past and the present in order to predict what might happen in the future. The current study is the culmination of a number of research ideas in the field of Strategic Thinking (ST), Strategic Planning (SP) and Strategic Innovation (SI) in relation of Human Capital (HC). The survey method was used to collect data from 235 SMEs in the manufacturing industry of Yemen. Results indicate that ST, SP and SI have a significant effect on HC. The mediating effects of HC on the relationship between ST, SP and SI and SMEs’ performance were also e...

Findings reveal that bacterial immunity is much more complex than previously thought and the ecological impact of their diversity is revealed.

It is argued that understanding how bacteria defend themselves in nature is important for the development of new therapies and for minimizing resistance evolution.

Abstract Although no known asteroid poses a threat to Earth for at least the next century, the catalogue of near-Earth asteroids is incomplete for objects whose impacts would produce regional devastation 1,2 . Several approaches have been proposed to potentially prevent an asteroid impact with Earth by deflecting or disrupting an asteroid 1–3 . A test of kinetic impact technology was identified as the highest-priority space mission related to asteroid mitigation 1 . NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission is a full-scale test of kinetic impact technology. The mission’s target as...

This paper identifies some major security attacks on intelligent connected vehicles and investigates and summarizes the available defences against these attacks and classify them into four categories: cryptography, network security, software vulnerability detection, and malware detection.

Book «The Concept of Strategizing» of Dr. Vladimir Kvint is, in essence, a reflection on the main provision of the General Theory of Strategy, which was developed by the author over his forty years in the field. The definitions, conceptual statements, and methodological and practical recommendations set forth in this book are useful for a wide range of readers, including corporate, state, municipal and military leadership, as well as management, theorists and strategists, teachers, and students.

The critical role of N nutrition in plant defences is stressed and a comprehensive understanding of how opposing virulence and defence mechanisms are influenced by interacting networks is needed.

In this review, pathogenesis of medically important fungi, fungal interaction with the host through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and the interplay of innate and adaptive immune cells in shaping host immunity to IFI are discussed and the role of memory cells by offering long-term protection in secondary or subsequent infections is depicted.

The emerging potential to therapeutically harness cationic host defence peptides to treat infectious diseases, chronic inflammatory disorders and wound healing is assessed, highlighting current preclinical studies and clinical trials.

How TORCH pathogens access the intra-amniotic space and overcome the placental defences that protect against microbial vertical transmission is discussed.

Treatment of cancer cells with GPX4 inhibitors results in acute depletion of N-carbamoyl-l-aspartate, a pyrimidine biosynthesis intermediate, with concomitant accumulation of uridine, and the results identify a DHODH-mediated ferroptosis defence mechanism in mitochondria and suggest a therapeutic strategy of targeting ferroPTosis in cancer treatment.

Who, over the age of 20, hasn’t experienced a serendipitous event: unexpected information that yields some unintended but potential value later on? Sitting next to a stranger on a plane who becomes a business partner? Stumbling onto an article in a journal or newspaper that helps tackle a nagging problem? Creating a new drug by accident?

Purpose In globalized market, organizations of all sizes are having huge opportunities for growth. However, due to various resource constraints, it has become challenging for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) of growing economies to survive in this global competition. Effective supply chain management (SCM) can be a major driving factor for success of Indian SMEs in dynamic world economy. SMEs face many operational challenges while implementing effective SCM. The purpose of this paper is to study different strategic issues for successful implementation of SCM in Indian SMEs. Design/methodolo...

The second edition of Percy and Elliott's Strategic Advertising Management continues to deal with advertising from a strategic rather than simply a descriptive standpoint and covers all the main topics on an advertising management module.

Understanding Strategic Management conveys the realities of strategic management through looking through international and contemporary lenses. Chapters contain examples from popular media to show strategic management issues at work in the headlines we read every day. The text as a whole ties together multiple strategic challenges that affect businesses large and small, public and private. The text is made up of four parts. The first part looks at what strategy is. The second part covers strategic analysis. The third part looks into the formulation of strategy. The final part is about implemen...

Rapid developments in information technology and precision weaponry are said to herald a 'revolution in military affairs' (RMA), making possible quick and decisive victories with minimal casualties and collateral damage. But has such a revolution taken place? The issues that drive conflict will persist, and many of the technical advances associated with the RMA will not necessarily produce a transformation in the nature of warfare. The end of the Cold War has highlighted another revolution one in political affairs. Major powers appear less likely to go to war with one another than they are to ...

Research summary The pandemic spread of the coronavirus COVID‐19 is rightly focusing policy‐makers’ attention on saving people's lives. At the same time, the pandemic crisis is threatening the survival of firms at a global scale, with potentially devastating societal and economic outcomes. In this Virtual Special Issue, we gather and discuss key papers published in the journals of the Strategic Management Society that provide insights into firms' potential strategic responses to crisis. Based on our overview, we identify four types of responses: retrenchment, persevering, innovating, and exit....

Empathy is an integral part of socioemotional well-being, but recent research has highlighted some of its downsides. Here we examine literature that establishes when, how much, and what aspects of empathy promote specific outcomes. After reviewing a theoretical framework that characterizes empathy as a suite of separable components, we examine evidence showing how dissociations of these components affect important socioemotional outcomes and describe emerging evidence suggesting that these components can be independently and deliberately regulated. Finally, we advocate for an approach to a mul...

Sport now has to compete for the consumer dollar with a vast array of leisure activities online as well as offline. Successful sport marketing is the result of carefully structured planning, creativity and perseverance.Integrating the unique characteristics of sport with traditional marketing theory, Strategic Sport Marketing presents a framework of strategic decision-making. The authors outline the diverse markets for sport: participants, sponsors, spectators and fans. International case studies and 'sportviews' selected from a wide range of sports and media illustrate the unique features of ...

In many markets, transaction prices are determined in auctions. In the most common form, prospective buyers compete by submitting bids to a seller. Each bid is an offer to buy that states a quantity and a maximum price. The seller then allocates the available supply among those offering the highest prices exceeding the seller's asking price. The actual price paid by a successful bidder depends on a pricing rule, usually selected by the seller: two common pricing rules are that each successful bidder pays the price bid; or they all pay the same price, usually the highest rejected bid o...

ABSTRACT Although subsidiary disclosures in firms’ filings with the Securities and Exchanges Commission (SEC; Exhibit 21) represent the most granular required public disclosure of a firm's geographic footprint, little is understood about the quality of the disclosure, and anecdotal evidence suggests firms may not fully comply with the disclosure requirements. We use data provided by multinational firms to the Internal Revenue Service regarding their foreign subsidiary locations to explore the accuracy of public subsidiary disclosures on Exhibit 21 of Form 10‐K per SEC rules. The overall incide...

Abstract Exposure to coastal flooding is increasing due to growing population and economic activity. These developments go hand-in-hand with a loss and deterioration of ecosystems. Ironically, these ecosystems can play a buffering role in reducing flood hazard. The ability of ecosystems to contribute to reducing coastal flooding has been emphasized in multiple studies. However, the role of ecosystems in hybrid coastal protection (i.e. a combination of ecosystems and levees) has been poorly quantified at a global scale. Here, we evaluate the use of coastal vegetation, mangroves, and marshes fro...

Data reveal that liver sinusoidal endothelial cells sense the microbiome, actively orchestrating the localization of immune cells, to optimize host defence, and provide evidence that immune zonation is required to protect the host from the dissemination of blood-borne pathogens.

A mechanism by which interleukin-33 (IL-33) and interferon-γ (IFNγ) induce the accumulation of active eosinophils in the inflamed colon is revealed, which lays a framework for the characterization of eosinophils in human gastrointestinal diseases.

The mechanistic basis of AD and an aphid–virus co-evolutionary mutualism is uncovered, demonstrating AD as a potential bioinspired strategy to control aphids and viruses.

Constitutive innate immune mechanisms, such as restriction factors, RNA interference, antimicrobial peptides, basal autophagy and proteasomal degradation, exert early host defence activities that also aim to minimize tissue damage and homeostatic disruption by limiting the activation of inducible innate immunity.

There have been several major outbreaks of emerging viral diseases, including Hendra, Nipah, Marburg and Ebola virus diseases, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-as well as the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Notably, all of these outbreaks have been linked to suspected zoonotic transmission of bat-borne viruses. Bats-the only flying mammal-display several additional features that are unique among mammals, such as a long lifespan relative to body size, a low rate of tumorigenesis and an exceptional ability to host virus...

The mechanisms of action of the cellular factors providing this important first line of defence against virus infection, including infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are described.

In this Review, Hancock, Alford and Haney discuss how the complex functional attributes of host defence peptides provide many opportunities for the development of antimicrobial therapeutics, focusing on their emerging antibiofilm properties.

It is found that Tad1 proteins are “sponges” that bind and sequester the immune signaling molecule produced by TIR-domain proteins, thus decoupling phage sensing from immune effector activation and rendering Thoeris inactive.

Carbon-based composites, including carbon reinforced composites and carbon-matrix composites, in defence technologies have raised a lot of attention due to its significant physical capabilities, superior thermal and mechanical stability, and its eco-friendly nature. Carbon-based composite which incorporating with various carbonaceous materials such as coke, char, black carbon, activated carbon, carbon fibre and other carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibres, graphene and graphite) are the greatest viable option for the development of advanced defence technologies. In this revi...

The defence sector is now at an advanced level, catering to the global scenario, and countries also invest heavily in research and development. Countries around the world have spent a lot of money on research and development over the years in order to stay ahead of their competitors. Lightweight materials are critical in defence applications because they allow components to be lighter without sacrificing strength. This review provides an overview of the research related to defence applications. The book provides comprehensive details on current trends in the application of lightweight material...

In the past two decades, there has been a rapid development in the drone industry known as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Currently, the use of commercial UAVs has increased a lot due to their affordability, but lack of security implementations has introduced many threats and vulnerabilities in UAVs. In addition, software, and hardware complexity in UAVs also triggers privacy and security issues as well as causes critical challenges for government, industry and academia. Firstly, in this research review, we broadly survey privacy and security issues of UAVs by dividing them into three classe...

1. Introduction 2. The Welfare Economics of Market Power 3. Theory of the Firm 4. Market Power and Dominant Firms 5. Nonlinear Pricing and Price Discrimination 6. Market Power and Product Quality 7. Game Theory I 8. Classic Models of Oligopoly 9. Game Theory II 10. Dynamic Models of Oligopoly 11. Product Differentiation 12. Identifying and Measuring Market Power 13. An Introduction to Strategic Behaviour 14. Entry Deterrence 15. Strategic Behavior: Principles 16. Strategic Behavior: Applications 17. Advertising and Oligopoly 18. Research and Development 19. The Theory of the Market 20. Exclusi...

Chapter 1 - Introduction Part One - Industry Dynamics of Technological Innovation Chapter 2 - Sources of Innovation Chapter 3 - Types and Patterns of Innovation Chapter 4 - Standards Battles and Design Dominance Chapter 5 - Timing of Entry Part Two - Formulating Technological Innovation Strategy Chapter 6 - Defining the Organization's Strategic Direction Chapter 7 - Choosing Innovation Projects Chapter 8 - Collaboration Strategies Chapter 9 - Protecting Innovation Part Three - Implementing Technological Innovation Strategy Chapter 10 - Organizing for Innovation Chapter 11 - Managing the New Pr...