Top Research Papers on Nuclear Physics

Abstract The nuclear fusion data for deuteron-triton resonance near 100 keV are found to be consistent with the selective resonant tunneling model. The feature of this selective resonant tunneling is the selectivity. It selects not only the energy level, but also the damping rate (nuclear reaction rate). When the Coulomb barrier is thin and low, the resonance selects the fast reaction channel; however, when the Coulomb barrier is thick and high, the resonance selects the slow reaction channel. This mechanism might open an approach toward fusion energy with no strong nuclear radiation.

Nuclear physics and nuclear reactors , Nuclear physics and nuclear reactors , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی

The D-T fusion cross-section is calculated using quantum mechanics with the model of square nuclear potential well and Coulomb potential barrier.The agreement between ENDF data and the theoretically calculated results is well in the range of 0.2～280keV.It shows that the application of Breit-Wigner formula is not suitable for the case of the light nuclei fusion reaction.When this model is applied to the nuclear reaction between the charged particles confined in a lattice,it explains the "abnormal phenomena".It implies a prospect of nuclear fusion energy without strong nuclear radiations.

This volume presents, with some amplification, the notes on the lectures on nuclear physics given by Enrico Fermi at the University of Chicago in 1949 "The compilers of this publication may be warmly congratulated The scope of this course is amazing: within 240 pages it ranges from the general properties of atomic nuclei and nuclear forces to mesons and cosmic raysThis volume presents, with some amplification, the notes on the lectures on nuclear physics given by Enrico Fermi at the University of Chicago in 1949 "The compilers of this publication may be warmly congratulated The scope of this c...

: One of the last develoonents in the research for extend ing the scooe of the quantum theory is the recently aoDearing work on the Bohmian Mechanics.The motivation for an extension is orovided by the conclusions of the EPR oaradoxon and the famous alternative concerning the physical reality.Discussed are some Drooerties of Bohmian Mechanics concerning the self-consistency of the theory.

Nuclear Physics is the branch of physics that deals with the properties and structure of matter on the hadronic level. In this article we review briefly the history of this field, which has a major role in the development of our understanding of nature. We then proceed to give an outline of a current perspective of the field and of some of the issues that are now on its frontiers.

Nuclear physics started in 1894 with the discovery of the radioactivity of uranium by A. H. Becquerel. Marie and Pierre Curie investigated this phenomenon in detail: to their astonishment they found that raw uranium ore was far more radioactive than the refined uranium from the chemist’s store. By chemical methods, they could separate (and name) several new elements from the ore which were intensely radioactive: radium (Z588), polonium (Z584), a gas they called emanation (Z 586) (radon), and even a form of lead (Z582). Ernest Rutherford, at McGill University in Montreal, studied the radiation ...

Nuclear Physics is the branch of physics that deals with the properties and structure of matter on the hadronic level. In this article we review briefly the history of this field, which has a major role in the development of our understanding of nature. We then proceed to give an outline of a current perspective of the field and of some of the issues that are now on its frontiers.

The outstanding achievements of the Department have rested in many ways on its ability to develop state-of-the art accelerator and detector facilities with modest resources and staff, and to operate these continuously and reliably. The result has been a record of competitive research in physics for an unbroken period of over 40 years. This is a tribute to the skill, dedication and foresight of technical staff (Tony Brinkley, John Harrison, Cliff Hill and Gerald Clarkson to name a few of the old guard) and academic staff (particularly Trevor Ophel), who have striven to establish and maintain an...

The rapid development of the knowledge of artificial radioactivity and in particular the production of such radioactivity by neutron bombardment is discussed.

The 17th International Nuclear Physics Divisional Conference of the European Physical Society, “Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics,” was held in Debrecen, Hungary from September 30 to October 4,2002. This conference was originally planned to take place in Eilat, Israel in 2001, but was moved to Debrecen because of security considerations. Many of the topics and much of the program were similar to those planned for the Eilat meeting. The main objective of the conference was to deal with all those subjects of nuclear physics that impact astrophysics and are an essential input in the understanding o...

This report discusses research in nuclear physics. Topics covered in this paper are: symmetry principles; nuclear astrophysics; nuclear structure; quark-gluon plasma; quantum chromodynamics; symmetry breaking; nuclear deformation; and cold fusion. (LSP)

The successful description of nuclei in terms of nucleons, deltas and mesons provides an enormous challenge to QCD. It compels us to pursue our theoretical understanding of chromodynamics into the realm of multiple color singlets in order to examine the concept of color saturation. To pursue this theme, we examine the idea of nuclear transparency in the light of models for confinement and describe the formulation of lattice simulations sensitive to exchange forces. 22 refs., 7 figs.

Multiple scattering formal theory of nuclear reactions elastic and inelastic scattering transfer reactions multistep reactions heavy ions high energy nuclear phenomena pion and kaon interactions with nuclei.

Physical systems characterized by a shallow two-body bound or virtual state are governed at large distances by continuous scale invariance, which is broken into discrete scale invariance when three...

The volume begins with a non-mathematical introduction to nuclear physics. A description of the major advances in the field follows, with chapters on nuclear structure and dynamics, fundamental forces in the nucleus, and nuclei under extreme conditions of temperature, density, and spin. Impacts of nuclear physics on astrophysics and the scientific and societal benefits of nuclear physics are then discussed. Another section deals with scientific frontiers, describing research into the realm of the quark-gluon plasma; the changing description of nuclear matter, specifically the use of the quark ...

Throughout its 90-year history, the journal has elucidated all the major advances in the science of the densest phases of matter.

In the 50 or so years between the discovery of the neutron and the meeting of the Panel on Nuclear Physics of the physics survey committee our understanding of the physical universe has been immeasurably expanded. In its report the panel first reviews the impressive achievements in nuclear physics of the decade passed, then goes on to make recommendations designed to insure continued achievement in the future.

The basic physics of the environmental perturbations caused by multiple nuclear detonations is explored, summarizing current knowledge of the possible physical, chemical, and biological impacts of nuclear war. Emphasis is given to the impact of the bomb-generated smoke (soot) particles. General classes of models that have been used to simulate nuclear winter are examined, using specific models as examples.

Abstract This is a brief report of current physics programs at RCNP. It includes progress of RCNP, Osaka Univ. RCNP laboratories, current RCNP physics programs from nucleon meson nuclear physics to quark lepton nuclear physics and RCNP future plans for multi-GeV quark lepton nuclear physics. International collaboration programs are also summarized.

The field of nuclear medicine covers all medical uses of open radioactive sources emitting ionizing radiation that are introduced into the patient for the purpose of diagnostics or therapy.

Since the discovery of nuclear beta decay, nuclear physicists have studied the weak interaction and the nature of neutrinos. Many recent and current experiments have been focused on the elucidation of neutrino oscillations and neutrino mass. The quest for the absolute value of neutrino mass continues with higher precision studies of the tritium beta decay spectrum near the endpoint. Neutrino oscillations are studied through measurements of reactor neutrinos as a function of baseline and energy. And experiments searching for neutrinoless double beta decay seek to discover violation of lepton nu...

A recent composite-dark-matter scenario assumes that the dominant fraction of dark matter consists of O-helium (OHe) dark atoms, in which a lepton-like doubly charged particle O is bound with a primordial helium nucleus. It liberates the physics of dark matter from unknown features of new physics, but it demands a deep understanding of the details of known nuclear and atomic physics, which are still unclear. Here, we consider in detail the physics of the binding of OHe to various nuclei of interest for direct dark matter searches. We show that standard quantum mechanics leads to bound states i...

Nuclear science is an important topic in terms of its application to power generation, medical diagnostics and treatment, and national defense. Unfortunately, the subatomic domain is far removed from daily experience, and few learning aids are available to teachers. What follows describes a low-tech, hands-on method to teach important concepts in nuclear physics, including the quark model, anti-matter, nuclear binding energy, stability, the nuclear shell model, and the importance of symmetry, by making use of neodymium disc magnets.

This report will present one example of a beam monitor for the proton therapy, and the experimental program which has been initiated to obtain fundamental data on the nuclear fragmentation process.

I discuss several new developments in nuclear supersymmetry, in particular the identification of a new supersymmetric quartet of nuclei in the A ~ 190 region of the nuclear mass table consisting of the 192,193Os and 193,194Ir nuclei, and a study of correlations between different transfer reactions by means of generalized F-spin and SU(3) isoscalar factors. The relevant SU(3) isoscalar factors are derived in explicit form.

The concepts of nuclear physics is universally compatible with any devices to read and is available in the digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly.

Abstract Information on the neutron distribution in the nuclear periphery was obtained by the annihilation of stopped antiprotons and the yield of residual nuclei. The last atomic transitions of the antiproton before annihilation gives complementary results. Properties of very hot nuclei (up to 1 GeV) after annihilation of stopped antiprotons were studied by neutron emission and fission. Absolute prob abilities of fission induced by stopped and fast antiprotons were determined. The experimental data are compared with elaborate calculations taking into account the annihilation process, the fast...

A brief outlook on low-energy nuclear physics is presented. Selected recent developments in nuclear structure theory are highlighted and a few open questions are discussed.

Shadowing and antishadowing of the electromagnetic nuclear structure functions are produced by the coherence of multiscattering quark nuclear processes. This picture leads to substantially different antishadowing for charged and neutral current processes, particularly in anti-neutrino reactions, thus affecting the extraction of the weak-mixing angle $\sin^2\theta_W$.

A semi-empirical basis is used to describe and correlate the known nuclear properties including the theoretical concepts, methods, and considerations which have been devised in order to interpret the experimentsl material and to advance the ability to predict and control nuclear phenomena. General properties, two-body problems at low energies, nuclear forces, two-body problems at high energies, three- and four-body problems, nuclear spectroscopy, nuclear reactions, spontaneous decay of nuclei, interaction of nuclei with electromagnetic radiation, and beta decay are treated. 1200 references. (J...

This paper gives a brief and qualitative overview of the principles of nuclear physics in the context of the physical microworld.

1995 saw the 50th anniversary of the first detonation of an atomic bomb. At the present time the world is in a period of nuclear proliferation, where more and more nations have the ability to develop their own atomic weapons. It is important to limit nuclear proliferation as far as is possible, because the probability of use increases as the number of nuclear powers rises. However, before you can take action to stop a proliferant nation's nuclear weapons programme, you first have to recognise the signs that one is underway. This article outlines the main technical features of nuclear weapons, ...

This report discusses the following topics: electron capture decay of {sup 179}Ta; search for 17-keV neutrinos in the Internal Bremsstrahlung Spectrum of {sup 125}I; and {beta}{sup +} decay and cosmic-ray half-life of {sup 91}Nb.

B Margolis and C S Lamb (Eds) New York: W A Benjamin 1968 pp 547 price $12.50 This book contains the proceedings of a summer school for theoreticians, held at McGill University in 1967. The nine lecturers covered not only the fields of nuclear and particle physics, but also the somewhat neglected area in between.

This article describes the principal charged particle accelerators being used today for research in nuclear physics in the energy range up to about 1000 MeV. The accelerators include Van de Graaffs, sector cyclotrons and linear accelerators for both positive ions and electrons. For each type of accelerator a brief treatment is given of the recent history, operating principles, some special techniques, a typical facility, and some examples of experimental data from that type of accelerator. Descriptions are also given of new types of machines under construction, such as pelletrons, frequency mo...

I provide a short overview of the current status of nuclear physics calculations using lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (LQCD). I demonstrate, at a very high level, how LQCD calculations are performed and how nuclear scattering data are extracted from these calculations, emphasizing the overlap between traditional nuclear many-body theory and LQCD calculations. I look at the Ω−Ω− system as a concrete example, and in so doing demonstrate the predictive nature of LQCD calculations as applied to nuclear physics.

By O. R. Frisch Oxford: Pergamon Press Ltd. 1963. Pp. v + 310. Price 90s. Volume 9 of this well-known series of review volumes contains six articles of very varied character. Briefly, the first three are concerned with techniques and the remainder deal with theoretical principles or experimental results.

Vol. 31, No. 3, 2021, Nuclear Physics News Editor: Gabriele-Elisabeth Körner Editorial Board Angela Bracco, Milano (Chair) Richard Milner, MIT Rick Casten, Yale Eugenio Nappi, Bari Rolf-Dietmar Herzberg, Liverpool Klaus Peters, Darmstadt Rituparna Kanungo, Halifax Hermann Rothard, Caen Marek Lewitowicz, Caen (NuPECC Chair) Hideyuki Sakai, Tokyo Yu-Gang Ma, Shanghai Calin Ur, Bucharest Editorial Office: Physikdepartment, E12, Technische Universitat München, 85748 Garching, Germany, Tel: +49 89 2891 2293, +49 172 89 15011, Fax: +49 89 2891 2298, E-mail: sissy.koerner@ph.tum.de

Preface / Acknowledgement / Introduction: General Survey of Nuclear Properties / Two-nucleon Potential: Deuteron Problem-I / Neutron-Proton Scattering / Protonj-Proton Scattering / Deuteron Problem-II / High-Energy Nucleon-Nucleon Scattering / Meson Theory of Nuclear Force / Nuclear Model: Semi-classical Model / Nuclear Shelll Model / Quadrupole Moment of the Nucleus / Collective Model / Nuclear Reactions: Nuclear Reactions: General Understanding / Compound Nuclear Reactions / Optical Model / Direct Reactions / Nuclear Decay: Alpha Decay / Beta Decay / Electro-magnetic Transition / Radiative T...

The field of nuclear medicine covers all medical uses of open radioactive sources emitting ionizing radiation that are introduced into the patient for the purpose of diagnostics or therapy.

Nuclear Physics in a Nutshell provides a clear, concise, and up-to-date overview of the atomic nucleus and the theories that seek to explain it. Bringing together a systematic explanation of hadrons, nuclei, and stars for the first time in one volume, Carlos A. Bertulani provides the core material needed by graduate and advanced undergraduate students of physics to acquire a solid understanding of nuclear and particle science. Nuclear Physics in a Nutshell is the definitive new resource for anyone considering a career in this dynamic field. The book opens by setting nuclear physics in the ...

The reader must understand that this is not a total outline of the development of physics but what I deem is the line of discoveries that leads directly to the development of atomic energy. As an example I offer thermodynamics. For this, I could develop a separate trail with some similar names such as Maxwell who besides work on electrodynamics did fundamental work on the kinetic energy of gasses. But in addition to Maxwell, that line would also include a large number of developments in the late 19th century, many with French names associated with them that do not appear here.

This article describes the principal charged particle accelerators being used today for research in nuclear physics in the energy range up to about 1000 MeV. The accelerators include Van de Graaffs, sector cyclotrons and linear accelerators for both positive ions and electrons. For each type of accelerator a brief treatment is given of the recent history, operating principles, some special techniques, a typical facility, and some examples of experimental data from that type of accelerator. Descriptions are also given of new types of machines under construction, such as pelletrons, frequency mo...

Abstract : A discussion of the unitary-model-operator approach to the correlation problem in nuclei is presented and some calculational details are discussed. Results are reported for Hartree-Fock calculations carried out with an effective interaction derived from the Yale potential. The spherical nuclei O16 and Ca40 are considered. The orbitals are expanded in terms of harmonic-oscillator functions, and the dependence of the results on the number of oscillator functions used and upon the oscillator size parameter is studied. Work during this period was carried on along the following lines: (a...

Introduction 1. The nucleus 2. Neutrons and nuclear fission 3. Nuclear fusion 4. Matter and antimatter 5. Fundamental particles Answers to self-assessment questions Glossary Index

CONFERENCE AT HARWELLA CONFERENCE on nuclear physics was held at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment (Ministry of Supply) during September 18–19. Opening the first session, the director of the Establishment, Dr. J. D. Cockcroft said that he was glad to welcome so many distinguished guests to the first nuclear physics conference at Harwell. The conference celebrated both the start up of the first British pile, and the restarting of nuclear physics research in Britain after the War. One object of the Establishment is to provide research facilities which cannot be provided in the universitie...

Some errors commonly encountered in the teaching and examining of undergraduates in nuclear physics are listed with corrections and discussion. They relate to gravitational forces in the nucleus, the cyclotron and synchrocyclotron, the composition of cosmic rays, Cerenkov radiation and bremsstrahlung, the Geiger counter, the scintillation counter, the Compton `edge' and binding energy per nucleon.

Comparison of the field of nuclear physics and electronics; an analysis of the charges and masses of the nuclei in line with the nuclear theory; definition and description of the process of transmutation and its reactions and creations, namely, radioactive substances and stable nuclei, are the main points discussed in this article.

This report contains small papers on the following topics: ground state correlations of nuclei in relativistic random phase approximation; instability of infinite nuclear matter in the relativistic hartree approximation; charge density differences for nuclei near {sup 208}Pb in relativistic models; meson exchange current corrections to magnetic moments in quantum hadro-dynamics; analysis of the O{sup +} {yields} O{sup {minus}} reaction at intermediate energies; contributions of reaction channels to the {sup 6}Li(p,{gamma}){sup 7}Be Reaction; deformed chiral nucleons; vacuum polarization in a f...