Top Research Papers on Quantum Cryptography

This paper proposes a new Crystographic System that combines Post Quantum Cryptography with Steganography to ensure that security of communication is maintained both in Classical Computing era as well as Post-Quantum Computing era.

Post-quantum cryptography methods are made to stand up to the strength of quantum algorithms and protect the privacy, integrity, and validity of private data even when quantum attackers are present.

This work shows how to codify super-exponential cryptographic problems into quantum annealers and paves the way for reaching quantum supremacy with an adequately designed chip.

Current experimental progress on this aspect is introduced, existing problems are analyzed and some constructive suggestions are proposed, the developing trend for the theory of quantum password is prospected and the course of quantum key production and distribution in the quantum communication is discussed.

1. 서론 현재 사용되고 있는 암호체계로는 RSA공개키 방식이 대표적이다. R. Rivest, A. Shamir, L. Adleman이 개발한 RSA공개키 암호체계[1]는 송신자가 공개키를 이용해 메시 지를 암호화 하고 수신자는 자신만이 알고 있는 비밀키를 이용해 평문화를 한다. 이 공개키 방식의 암호를 풀기 위 해서는 소인수분해를 해야 하는데 아무리 성능 좋은 컴퓨 터라도 큰 수의 소인수분해는 풀기 어려워 안전한 암호체 계다. 그러나 1990년대 중반, 벨연구소의 응용수학자 Peter Shor가 소인수분해를 쉽게 할 수 있는 양자알고리즘을 개 발했다[2], [3]. 이는 양자컴퓨터가 개발이 되면 지금의 공 개키 방식의 암호체계가 도청 위협에 직면했다는 것이다. 이 문제에 대한 대안으로 1983년 처음 Stephen Wiesner가 제안한 양자암호[4], [5]가 있다. 양자암호란 빛의 양자 역 학을 이용한 암호 체계이다. 이와 함께 Wiesner는 위조 불 가능한 화폐인 양자 화폐[6]를 구상했다. 양자 얽힘이라는 양자 역학적 특성을 이용한 양자 화폐는 최근 위조화폐로 문제가 되고 있는 부분에 대해 최적의 대응책으로 여겨지 고 있다. 본 논문에서는 양자암호...

The work presents results of experiments conducted on the developed setup based on single photon polarization coding, and describes developed fiber based quantum cryptography working with the telecom wavelength 1555 nm.

References: Scarani = Valerio Scarani et al. Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 (2009) 1301-1350. Lengthy review with much valuable material. QCQI = Quantum Computation and Quantum Information by Nielsen and Chuang (Cambridge, 2000), Sec. 12.6 through 12.6.3. The material becomes more and more difficult as Sec. 12.6 advances Stinson = D. R. Stinson, Cryptography: Theory and Practice (CRC Press, 1995). Contains considerable material on classical cryptography H. K. Lo and N. Lutkenhaus, ”Quantum cryptography: from theory to practice,” (2007). arXiv:quant-ph/0702202. A short and very readable introduction. H. K....

There is no abstract for this review article.

A new approach to provide a secure connection between internetbrowsers and website allowing people to transmit private data online, by integrating quantum cryptography in TLS protocol is introduced.

An idea of Stephen Wiesner is expanded to give a method of public key distribution which is provably secure under the principles of quantum mechanics and it appears that this scheme could actually be implemented in favorable environments.

Quantum cryptography is one of the solutions that use the property of polarization to ensure that transmitted data is not trapped by an eavesdropper.

The material becomes more and more difficult as Sec. 12.6 through 12.3.6 advances.

PQShield and Si-Five advance post-quantum cryptography in RISC-V

The very fast progress in both theory and experiments over the recent years are reviewed, with emphasis on open questions and technological issues.

The definition of classical and quantum cryptography is given and the difference between the two is emphasized and the famous quantum key distribution example is presented.

The material becomes more and more difficult as Sec. 12.6 through 12.3.6 advances.

: In the rapidly evolving field of cyber security, integrating classical and quantum cryptographic techniques to protect sensitive information is becoming increasingly important. This project leverages the capabilities of Microsoft Azure to create a robust security framework that includes two servers: a host server and a user server. The host server uses quantum cryptography to generate encryption keys, while the user server implements the Fernet algorithm for data encryption.

Encryption, in this context, ensures that only the intended sender and receiver can understand any message being sent over an Internet channel.

This paper discusses quantum cryptography with faint laser pulses, polarization coding, phase coding, and frequency coding, which is used to establish communication by generating cryptographic keys.

This paper seeks to address the principles of the quantum distribution of a key for information encryption and the fundamental problems arising from the execution.

The theory of quantum cryptography, its potential relevance and the development of a prototype system at Los Alamos, which utilises the phenomenon of single-photon interference to perform quantum cryptography over an optical fiber communications link are described.

Though most people think they are science fiction, quantum cryptography systems are now operational, with prototypes protecting Internet traffic across metropolitan areas and quantum key distribution is considered as the third and final insight to transform cryptography in the 20th century.

This is a chapter on quantum cryptography for the book"A Multidisciplinary Introduction to Information Security"to be published by CRC Press in 2011/2012. The chapter aims to introduce the topic to undergraduate-level and continuing-education students specializing in information and communication technology.

A theory on quantum key distribution (QKD) with coherent states and a theory on two-state QKD with noisy light sources are developed.

After a short introduction to classic cryptography we explain thoroughly how quantum cryptography works. We present then an elegant experimental realization based on a self-balanced interferometer with Faraday mirrors. This phase-coding setup needs no alignment of the interferometer nor polarization control, and therefore considerably facilitates the experiment. Moreover it features excellent fringe visibility. Next, we estimate the practical limits of quantum cryptography. The importance of the detector noise is illustrated and means of reducing it are presented. With present-day technologies...

The chapter covers the details of the basic principles and work methodology of quantum cryptography, the contribution of various pioneers, advantages over classical cryptography, its applications, future scope, and limitations simultaneously.

This review article discusses the traditional application of quantum cryptography, quantum key distribution (QKD), from a modern perspective, and discusses some recent developments in the context of quantum two-party cooperation (2PC).

Nowadays, information is exchanged among the computer network. These data and information are involved in the business, military, academic education, research and etc. which are shared around the world in both private and public networks. Since, many categories of data are required restriction on the authorization of access, modify, delete, and insert, security in communication is increasingly important to network communication. Currently, computer security applies mathematic theory to computer security for encrypting and decrypting on both sender and receiver. To use a security attack with a ...

Though most people think they are science fiction, quantum cryptography systems are now operational, with prototypes protecting Internet traffic across metropolitan areas and quantum key distribution is considered as the third and final insight to transform cryptography in the 20th century.

The need of Quantum Cryptography is highlighted and the basic concept behind it is elaborated, which makes use of the quantum mechanical effects to make or break the cipher.

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In this paper about quantum cryptography i.e working, limitation and advantages discussed, quantum cryptography is one of the latest and advanced cryptography technique different from all other cryptography technique and more secure.

This work discusses cryptographic data protection network schemes combining the approaches of quantum cryptography with advanced computer information processing methods and designs that are promising for increasing the dimension of the key space in the ‘one-time pad’ method.

The first goal of the paper is to point out and to demonstrate large importance security issues have for modern science, technology and society and to discuss briefly the main areas, problems and challenges of classical cryptography.

The paper represents various algorithm that are used in quantum cryptography along with its comparison with the existing classical cryptography algorithms and includes the shortcomings of the present algorithms and the future aspect of quantum cryptography.

In quantum key distribution (QKD), Alice selects a sequence of characters from a finite alphabet and transmits the corresponding signals, each described by a quantum state, to Bob. Between Alice and Bob, Eve---with her own receiver and transmitter---can eavesdrop. Eve is assumed to know beforehand all the possible states from among which Alice chooses. The central question is: Can Eve gain significant information about the key without influencing what Bob receives in ways that Alice and Bob can detect? This formulation implies that many options are available to Eve. It is the purpose here to d...

This doctoral thesis summarizes research in quantum cryptography done at the Department of Electronics and Telecommunications at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) from 1998 to 2002.

A survey of quantum and post quantum cryptography is provided, reviewing the principle of a quatum computer as well as Shor’s algorithm and quantum key distribution and some cryptosystems, that are believed to resist classical and quantum computers.

The possible contributions of quantum mechanics to the fields of cryptography as well as to machine computation in general are examined, which can already boast of initial successes, especially in cryptography and quantum computing.

This work defines strong attacks of this type, and shows security against them, suggesting that quantum cryptography is secure, and suggests a new type of quantum key distribution scheme where quantum memories are used instead of quantum channels.

On January 31-February 1, 2019, the Computing Community Consortium (CCC) held a workshop in Washington, D.C. to discuss research challenges associated with PQC migration and imagining a new science of "cryptographic agility".

This paper explores the motivation behind PQC and provides an overview of the experimental research conducted in the field, and discusses considerations for selecting and implementing post-quantum cryptographic algorithms, including security levels, algorithmic characteristics, performance tradeoffs, and integration challenges.

Comparison analysis performance in local and cloud environment is provided to identify the best environment using classical or quantum cryptography on various cryptographic algorithms.

This work primarily focuses on generating random numbers using the Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) as a parallel benefit and shows that the SSP protocol gives better randomization when compared to the BB84 protocol.

This work proposes the use of suitable properties of chaotic systems, such as great sensitivity to initial conditions, unpredictability, controllability and synchronisation of chaotic system to overcome some problems of quantum cryptography.

This paper addresses risks to classical cryptographic methods through a detailed investigation of quantum-resistant algorithms, focusing on lattice- based (CRYSTALS-Kyber), hash-based (SPHINCS+), and code-based (McEliece) systems, and proposes a transitional approach using hybrid cryptographic systems for a secure, gradual transition.

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Post-quantum cryptography is at the forefront of protecting the digital future from the impact of quantum computing, ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of information in the post-quantum era.

This paper argues that a combination of quantum cryptography and classical cryptography can provide long-term confidentiality and it is argued that quantum random number generation and quantum key distribution can provide such protection.

Lattice based cryptosystems are a viable candidate for post-quantum computing because they will be able to render current number theoretic asymmetric cryptography algorithms obsolete.