Top Research Papers on Quantum Cryptography

This work builds on the recent construction by Aaronson, Ingram, and Kretschmer of an oracle relative to which P = NP but BQP ≠ QCMA, based on hardness of the OR ∘ Forrelation problem, and introduces a new discretely-defined variant of the Forrelation distribution, for which it proves pseudorandomness against AC0 circuits.

The paper represents various algorithm that are used in quantum cryptography along with its comparison with the existing classical cryptography algorithms and includes the shortcomings of the present algorithms and the future aspect of quantum cryptography.

An overview of the principles and state-of-the-art of quantum cryptography, as well as an assessment of current challenges and prospects for overcoming them are provided.

These are the first constructions of quantum cryptographic primitives (one-way puzzles, quantum bit commitments, state puzzles) from concrete, well-founded mathematical assumptions that do not imply the existence of classical cryptography.

This paper reviews this physical notion of security, focusing on quantum key distribution and secure communication, which relies entirely on the laws of quantum mechanics.

Encryption, in this context, ensures that only the intended sender and receiver can understand any message being sent over an Internet channel.

Matlab implementation of Shor’s algorithm, used for integer factorization which is polynomial time for quantum computer, is presented and Quantum Proof Algorithm like Lattice-based cryptography used concept of good and bad base is discussed.

This work discusses QKD networks and post-quantum algorithms, considering their opportunities and limitations and showing that reconciliation between these two directions of cryptography is feasible and necessary for the quantum era.

The title explores several important applications such as quantum key distribution, quantum money, and delegated quantum computation, while also serving as a self-contained introduction to the field of quantum computing.

By contrasting quantum cryptography with its classical counterpart, it becomes evident how quantum mechanics revolutionizes the landscape of secure communication.

The definition of one-way state generators (OWSGs) is revisited and an incomparable variant of OWSGs is introduced, which is secretly-verifiable and statistically-invertible O WSGs, and it is shown that they are equivalent to EFI pairs.

The present state-of-the-art in achieving this control with spatial modes of light, both as single photon and entangled states are outlined, the open challenges that remain are highlighted, and the roadmap that might see its full potential realized is considered.

Progress in post-quantum cryptography on the Internet includes interactive protocols for testing quantumness as well as for performing uncloneable cryptographic computations, and experimental demonstrations of device-independent random number generators, device-independent quantum key distribution, quantum memories, and analog quantum simulators.

1. 서론 현재 사용되고 있는 암호체계로는 RSA공개키 방식이 대표적이다. R. Rivest, A. Shamir, L. Adleman이 개발한 RSA공개키 암호체계[1]는 송신자가 공개키를 이용해 메시 지를 암호화 하고 수신자는 자신만이 알고 있는 비밀키를 이용해 평문화를 한다. 이 공개키 방식의 암호를 풀기 위 해서는 소인수분해를 해야 하는데 아무리 성능 좋은 컴퓨 터라도 큰 수의 소인수분해는 풀기 어려워 안전한 암호체 계다. 그러나 1990년대 중반, 벨연구소의 응용수학자 Peter Shor가 소인수분해를 쉽게 할 수 있는 양자알고리즘을 개 발했다[2], [3]. 이는 양자컴퓨터가 개발이 되면 지금의 공 개키 방식의 암호체계가 도청 위협에 직면했다는 것이다. 이 문제에 대한 대안으로 1983년 처음 Stephen Wiesner가 제안한 양자암호[4], [5]가 있다. 양자암호란 빛의 양자 역 학을 이용한 암호 체계이다. 이와 함께 Wiesner는 위조 불 가능한 화폐인 양자 화폐[6]를 구상했다. 양자 얽힘이라는 양자 역학적 특성을 이용한 양자 화폐는 최근 위조화폐로 문제가 되고 있는 부분에 대해 최적의 대응책으로 여겨지 고 있다. 본 논문에서는 양자암호...

The NIST National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (NCCoE) is initiating the development of practices to ease the migration from the current set of public-key cryptographic algorithms to replacement algorithms that are resistant to quantum computer-based attacks.

This paper characterize quantum cryptographic primitives with meta-complexity for the first time, and shows that one-way puzzles (OWPuzzs) exist if and only if GapK is weakly-quantum-average-hard, and shows that inefficient-verifier proofs of quantumness (IV-PoQ) exist.

The research comprehensively analyses discrete-variable protocols (DVQKD) and continuous-variable ones (CVQKD), closely investigating their potential roles as re-inventors of secure communications owing to increasing cyber threats.

A simulation of quantum information is presented, taking advantage of quantum entanglement to ensure the spontaneous transfer of a state from one qubit to another similar qubit.

This review begins by reviewing protocols of quantum key distribution based on discrete variable systems, and considers aspects of device independence, satellite challenges, and high rate protocols based on continuous variable systems.

It is shown that EFI pairs are necessary for a large class of quantum-cryptographic applications, and played a similar role to that played by OWFs in the classical setting: they are simple to describe, essential, and also serve as a linchpin for demonstrating equivalence between primitives.

PQShield and Si-Five advance post-quantum cryptography in RISC-V

The security challenges and approaches in 5G networks concerning network protocols, interfaces and management organizations are surveyed and the performance and technologies of post-quantum cryptography are discussed.

This paper discusses quantum cryptography with faint laser pulses, polarization coding, phase coding, and frequency coding, which is used to establish communication by generating cryptographic keys.

This article focuses on generation of a secret shared key, later converted into Quantum bits (Qbits) and transmitted to the receiver securely.

References: Scarani = Valerio Scarani et al. Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 (2009) 1301-1350. Lengthy review with much valuable material. QCQI = Quantum Computation and Quantum Information by Nielsen and Chuang (Cambridge, 2000), Sec. 12.6 through 12.6.3. The material becomes more and more difficult as Sec. 12.6 advances Stinson = D. R. Stinson, Cryptography: Theory and Practice (CRC Press, 1995). Contains considerable material on classical cryptography H. K. Lo and N. Lutkenhaus, ”Quantum cryptography: from theory to practice,” (2007). arXiv:quant-ph/0702202. A short and very readable introduction. H. K....

Quantum cryptography is one of the solutions that use the property of polarization to ensure that transmitted data is not trapped by an eavesdropper.

The material becomes more and more difficult as Sec. 12.6 through 12.3.6 advances.

A variant of AES for a quantum safe lightweight cryptography by incorporating AES ShiftRows and MixColumns with QPP or called AES-QPP is explored, which not only improves the security against differential and linear attacks but also largely reduces the number of rounds to 5 rounds.

This new research area has been fruitful in recognizing mathematical operations that quantum algorithms lack in speed and build cryptographic systems around them.

The chapter covers the details of the basic principles and work methodology of quantum cryptography, the contribution of various pioneers, advantages over classical cryptography, its applications, future scope, and limitations simultaneously.

Nowadays, information is exchanged among the computer network. These data and information are involved in the business, military, academic education, research and etc. which are shared around the world in both private and public networks. Since, many categories of data are required restriction on the authorization of access, modify, delete, and insert, security in communication is increasingly important to network communication. Currently, computer security applies mathematic theory to computer security for encrypting and decrypting on both sender and receiver. To use a security attack with a ...

This paper seeks to address the principles of the quantum distribution of a key for information encryption and the fundamental problems arising from the execution.

This work discusses cryptographic data protection network schemes combining the approaches of quantum cryptography with advanced computer information processing methods and designs that are promising for increasing the dimension of the key space in the ‘one-time pad’ method.

: In the rapidly evolving field of cyber security, integrating classical and quantum cryptographic techniques to protect sensitive information is becoming increasingly important. This project leverages the capabilities of Microsoft Azure to create a robust security framework that includes two servers: a host server and a user server. The host server uses quantum cryptography to generate encryption keys, while the user server implements the Fernet algorithm for data encryption.

The knowledge related to the Quantum Cryptography, Quantum Key Distribution; and their elements, implementation, and the latest research are explored, including exploration of the loopholes and the security of Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure and current used classical cryptographic algorithms are described.

An updated overview of quantum key distribution is given and can serve as a guide to get familiar with the current trends of quantum cryptography.

An in-depth security analysis of quantum key distribution (QKD) promises long-term security to digital data but also simplified data encryption method through QKD.

A simple protocol to upgrade an entanglement source with access control through phase randomization at the optical pump is proposed and it is shown this control can act as a practical countermeasure against memory attack on device-independent quantum key distribution at a negligible cost.

The work presents results of experiments conducted on the developed setup based on single photon polarization coding, and describes developed fiber based quantum cryptography working with the telecom wavelength 1555 nm.

A new approach to provide a secure connection between internetbrowsers and website allowing people to transmit private data online, by integrating quantum cryptography in TLS protocol is introduced.

An idea of Stephen Wiesner is expanded to give a method of public key distribution which is provably secure under the principles of quantum mechanics and it appears that this scheme could actually be implemented in favorable environments.

There is no abstract for this review article.

The very fast progress in both theory and experiments over the recent years are reviewed, with emphasis on open questions and technological issues.

The definition of classical and quantum cryptography is given and the difference between the two is emphasized and the famous quantum key distribution example is presented.

The material becomes more and more difficult as Sec. 12.6 through 12.3.6 advances.

The theory of quantum cryptography, its potential relevance and the development of a prototype system at Los Alamos, which utilises the phenomenon of single-photon interference to perform quantum cryptography over an optical fiber communications link are described.

Though most people think they are science fiction, quantum cryptography systems are now operational, with prototypes protecting Internet traffic across metropolitan areas and quantum key distribution is considered as the third and final insight to transform cryptography in the 20th century.

This is a chapter on quantum cryptography for the book"A Multidisciplinary Introduction to Information Security"to be published by CRC Press in 2011/2012. The chapter aims to introduce the topic to undergraduate-level and continuing-education students specializing in information and communication technology.

A theory on quantum key distribution (QKD) with coherent states and a theory on two-state QKD with noisy light sources are developed.

After a short introduction to classic cryptography we explain thoroughly how quantum cryptography works. We present then an elegant experimental realization based on a self-balanced interferometer with Faraday mirrors. This phase-coding setup needs no alignment of the interferometer nor polarization control, and therefore considerably facilitates the experiment. Moreover it features excellent fringe visibility. Next, we estimate the practical limits of quantum cryptography. The importance of the detector noise is illustrated and means of reducing it are presented. With present-day technologies...