Top Research Papers on Schizophrenia

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Advances in treatment are reviewed, including conceptual advances in understanding, quantifying, and targeting cognitive symptoms, which are pervasive through the lifespan, and digital therapeutics, a set of apps and wearables meant to enhance care for psychotic disorders by utilizing well-established psychotherapy treatment principles.

The basis of the new paradigm, as an attempt to modernize the systematics of psychopathological disorders, is the concept of simultaneous representation of two relatively independent domains (founded by neurobiological processes) in the clinical space of schizophrenia - negative and positive disorders. The study established the spectra of functional activity of endogenous dimensions, as well as the trajectories of their development, which determine the dominance of predominantly negative or positive symptoms (negative/positive schizophrenia) during the course of the disease. The differentiated...

The existing data from these research areas strongly suggests that astrocytes have the capacity to critically affect key neurodevelopmental and homeostatic processes pertaining to schizophrenia pathogenesis, including glutamatergic signalling, synaptogenesis, synaptic pruning and myelination.

Recent findings on structural and functional hippocampal abnormalities in schizophrenic patients and in schizophrenia animal models are reviewed, and an overview on current experimental approaches that especially target the hippocampus is given.

Although earlier intervention has improved the immediate outcomes, the longer‐term outcome has not significantly shifted in this group of people.

A range of mechanistically plausible neuroimaging biomarkers for disease risk, diagnosis, target engagement, and treatment response in schizophrenia are discussed, including dopamine hyperactivity, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction, hippocampalhyperactivity, immune dysregulation, dysconnectivity, and cortical gray matter volume loss.

Patients with schizophrenia are at increased risk of dying of cancer and of several specific types of cancer, which can be reduced if the price of tobacco is increased, if smoking cessation programmes are offered systematically, screening programs better implemented in this highly vulnerable group, and if procedures to facilitate access to early diagnosis and effective treatment are implemented.

It is believed that screening immune-inflammatory biomarkers that are closely related to the pathological mechanism of schizophrenia can be used for early clinical identification, diagnosis, and treatment of schizophrenia, which may lead to more effective treatment options for people with schizophrenia.

The effectiveness of benzodiazepines in catatonia, associated with schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), remains controversial according to modern authors’ opinion.

Genomics has provided a plausible solution to the evolutionary paradox of how the condition persists in the face of high heritability and reduced fecundity and suggests that the condition reflects fundamental disturbances in neuronal, and particularly synaptic, function that impact broadly on brain function.

Many in vitro studies, in vivo animal evidence, post-mortem examinations, neuroimaging evaluations with Positron Emission Tomography (PET), anti-inflammatory and antipsychotic use converge upon the central role of microglial activation and proinflammatory cytokines as common of features schizophrenia.

The findings of this study suggest that variation in disorganized symptoms and cognitive ability in schizophrenia are markers of schizophrenia common genetic liability; cognitive performance in schizophrenia may reflect distinct contributions from genetic liabilities to both intelligence and schizophrenia.

The deterioration in synapse structure and function and the effects of antipsychotics on the synapse in schizophrenia will be discussed.

Patients with schizophrenia may soon have access to the first non-D2 blocking medication, which could drastically change the treatment landscape and improve outcomes for many of the individuals with schizophrenia who do not fully respond to or cannot tolerate currently available antipsychotic agents.

Evidence that the miRNA pathway is dynamic throughout adolescence and adulthood and that miRNAs regulate processes critical to late neurodevelopment that are aberrant in patients with schizophrenia are examined.

Increasing findings on the functional abnormalities in glutamatergic transmission associated with the NMDAR are introduced, which supported the validation of the glutamate hypothesis, which was inspired by the clinical findings regarding NMDAR antagonists.

Patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, chronic delusional disorder and schizophrenia-like disorder with onset after 60 years were diagnosed and features of clinical characteristics, including the nature and severity of cognitive impairment at the onset of disease, are significant for prognosis and outcomes of disease.

The retinal microvasculature impairments seen in schizophrenia appear to be a biomarker of overall brain health, as is the case for multiple neurological conditions.

An increased focus on socio-psychological rehabilitation and monitoring and control of cardiovascular risk factors is warranted and the prevalence of schizophrenia in Nuuk and the rest of Greenland is estimated.

This research presents a novel and scalable approach called “SmartLabeling” that allows for real-time, location-based assessment of the Kessler’s post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients and provides real-world information about how to manage and treat the symptoms of PTSD.

A narrative on the current understanding of CO VID-19 in patients with schizophrenia is provided and potential mechanisms which may link schizophrenia with an increased susceptibility to, and greater risk of adverse outcomes from COVID-19 are proposed.

The major findings in patients and in vivo and in vitro models in the context of neuron-microglia interactions in schizophrenia are summarized and the potential of anti-inflammatory treatments for the alleviation of positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms is discussed.

Suggestions to minimize stigma and its effects were made and include the renaming of schizophrenia, the use of virtual reality programs, the refinement of education programs, and an overall switch in how the media presents schizophrenia.

A brief overview of gender differences in the epidemiology, disease presentation, risk factors and management of schizophrenia is provided.

Specific regions of gray and white matter changes are observed in patients with schizophrenia; gray matter changes being more significant after the onset of psychosis; these pathological changes may be implicated in the impairment of executive functioning, attention, and working memory.

The estimated burden of schizophrenia in the US doubled between 2013 and 2019 and was $343.2 billion in 2019, highlighting the importance of effective strategies and treatment options to improve the management of this difficult-to-treat patient population.

This work summarizes facial emotion cognition among patients with schizophrenia, introduces the internationally recognized Bruce–Young face recognition model, and reviews the behavioral and event-related potential studies on the recognition of emotions at each stage of the face recognition process, including suggestions for the future direction of clinical research.

This narrative review was to present up-to-date evidence on cytokine dysregulation in schizophrenia, its effect on the psychopathological presentation, and links with antipsychotic medication, and attempted to summarize its postulated underpinnings.

This bibliometric study mapped out a fundamental knowledge structure consisting of countries, institutions, authors, journals, and articles in the research field of SCZ and inflammation over the past 30 years to provide a comprehensive perspective about the wider landscape of this research area.

Cognitive dysfunction is a core manifestation of schizophrenia and one of the best predictors of long‐term disability and genes increasing risk for schizophrenia may partly act through the modulation of cognition.

The goal was a comprehensive multimodality summary of the findings of state-of-the-art imaging in untreated and treated patients with schizophrenia.

This review and position paper covers the historical and modern concepts of the paradigm of positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia, as well as a detailed comparison of the assessment tools and psychometric tests used for the evaluation of negative symptoms.

The shared asymmetric deficits in people with schizophrenia and those with GHR, and the association between anomalous asymmetry and SZ-PRSs suggested a vulnerability imaging marker regulated by schizophrenia-related risk genes provide new insights into asymmetry regulated by risk genes and provides a better understanding of the genetic–neural pathological underpinnings of schizophrenia.

This randomized clinical trial evaluates the efficacy and safety of xanomeline-trospium chloride vs placebo in adults with schizophrenia.

There continues to be gaps in the understanding of modifiable predictors of remission and recovery, and the most efficacious and safest treatment approaches for this age group of older adults with chronic schizophrenia.

It is believed that preventing clozapine resistance from developing may be the most effective treatment strategy for patients with clozAPine-resistant schizophrenia (CRS), and optimizing clozamine treatment is a key component.

There is a correlation between the occurrence of schizophrenia and the predisposition to developing malignant neoplasms, and currently, hope is placed on their use in anti-cancer therapy.

Although therapeutic interventions in patients with schizophrenia are mainly based on pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy and work with the patient's family are also important, this however does not constitute a justification for a simultaneous use of these two diagnoses in the same patient.

Evidence is reported for hypometabolism with large effect sizes in the frontal cortex in schizophrenia without consistent evidence for alterations in other brain regions, which supports the hypothesis of hypofrontality in schizophrenia.

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Animal models of schizophrenia are essential to gain a better understanding of the disease etiopathology and mechanism of action of currently used antipsychotic drugs and help in the search for new and more effective therapies.

There is an urgent need to generate valid and reproducible research that could help implement appropriate treatment protocols and relapse-prevention approaches, and interventions based on strong pharmaceutical targets for the benefit of pregnant women with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, their families and their children.

Both an increased frequency and an increased expression of obsessive–compulsive symptoms in patients with resistant schizophrenia were registered, and symptoms were positively associated with disorganized symptoms and duration of schizophrenia.

Investigating the three dimensions of interoception in individuals with schizophrenia and matched controls and in relation to schizotypal traits revealed intact interoceptive awareness in Individuals with schizophrenia for the first time.

A narrative review of studies addressing gut microbiota alterations in patients with schizophrenia that were published in the years 2019–2020 finds that findings from clinical trials do not support the use of probiotics as add-on treatments in schizophrenia.

Evidence indicates the involvement of chemokines in the neurobiological processes associated with schizophrenia as dysregulation in chemokine expression may contribute to neuroinflammation in schizophrenia.

A critical evaluation of the limited information about lumateperone for schizophrenia, its use approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and its consideration for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia is presented.

A selective historical review of important discoveries that have shaped understanding of immune dysfunction in SSD are provided and findings from assessment of immune function using new techniques, such as cytokine levels, microglia density, neuroimaging, and gene expression are evaluated.

The epigenetic background of schizophrenia is revised based on the data available in online databases (PubMed, Scopus) and the important role of epigenetic modifications in antipsychotic action is showed.