Top Research Papers on Transportation Engineering

This book elucidates the important role of conduction, convection, and radiation heat transfer, mass transport in solids and fluids, and internal and external fluid flow in the behavior of materials processes. These phenomena are critical in materials engineering because of the connection of transport to the evolution and distribution of microstructural properties during processing. From making choices in the derivation of fundamental conservation equations, to using scaling (order-of-magnitude) analysis showing relationships among different phenomena, to giving examples of how to represent re...

© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Polyethylene (PE) has emerged recently as a promising polymer for incorporation in wearable textiles owing to its high infrared transparency and tuneable visible opacity, which allows the human body to cool via thermal radiation, potentially saving energy on building refrigeration. Here, we show that single-material PE fabrics may offer a sustainable, high-performance alternative to conventional textiles, extending beyond radiative cooling. PE fabrics exhibit ultra-light weight, low material cost and recyclability. Industrial materials sustainability (Higg) index calculations predict a low env...

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic solar cells are new members of trillion‐dollar semiconductor industry. The structure of these devices generally consists of a stack of several organic layers sandwiched between two electrodes. The electronic processes such as the energy‐level alignment at and charge transport across these interfaces play a key role to the overall performance of the organic devices. Thus, interface physics is important for design and engineering of organic devices. Herein, recent progress in energy‐level alignment at and charge transport across organic interface...

Abstract Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with angstrom-sized pores are promising functional nanomaterials for the fabrication of cation permselective membranes (MOF-CPMs). However, only a few research reports show successful preparation of the MOF-CPMs with good cation separation performance due to several inherent problems in MOFs, such as arduous self-assembly, poor water resistance, and tedious fabrication strategies. Besides, low cation permeation flux due to the absence of the cation permeation assisting functionalities in MOFs is another big issue, which limits their widespread use in me...

The electron transport layer plays an essential part for high-performing perovskite solar cells, on which successful extraction of charges from light harvester and the transfer to the electrode are critically dependent.

Current Greenhous gas emissions (GHG) from maritime transport represent around 3% of global anthropogenic GHG emissions and will have to be cut in half by 2050 to meet Paris agreement goals. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is by many seen as a potential transition fuel for decarbonizing shipping. Its favorable hydrogen to carbon ratio compared to diesel (marine gas oil, MGO) or bunker fuel (heavy fuel oil, HFO) translates directly into lower carbon emissions per kilowatt produced. However, these gains may be nullified once one includes the higher Well-to-tank emissions (WTT) of the LNG supply chai...

Abstract One of the most prominent hole‐transporting material (HTM) for hybrid perovskite solar cells has been 2,2″,7,7″‐tetrakis[ N , N ‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD), which is commonly doped with metal bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (M(TFSI) n ) salts that contribute to generating the active radical cation HTM species. The underlying role of the metal cation, however, remains elusive. Here, the effect of metal cations (M = Li, Zn, Ca, Cu, and Sc) on doping spiro‐OMeTAD is analyzed by a combination of techniques, including electron paramagnetic resonance spe...

Modifying the exposed upper surface of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has greatly contributed to improving their photovoltaic performance. The equally important buried interface (that is, the hidden bottom of perovskite film and the beginning of perovskite film crystallization) is much less studied due to great difficulties in tailoring it. Here we expose the large-area buried interface non-destructively for direct investigation. We find that the disordered beginning of the perovskite film growth deteriorates the buried interface. To address this issue, instead of using a passivator, we synthes...

Through molecular precursor engineering of COFs, the fabrication of tight COFs membrane with the ever-reported highest hydroxide ion conductivity is reported, conferring around 4~8 times the anion conductivity over the loose membranes via interfacial polymerization process.

Abstract The electron transport layer plays a key role in affecting the charge dynamics and photovoltaic parameters in perovskite solar cells. Compared to other counterparts, SnO 2 has unique advantages such as low temperature fabrication and high electron extraction ability, and it receives extra attentions from the research community since the first report. Planar‐type perovskite solar cells based on SnO 2 exhibit a simple architecture and state of art device can achieve a power conversion efficiency of over 23%, which can compete with traditional devices using mesoporous TiO 2 . The modific...

The automotive industry is experiencing a revolutionary moment in search of reducing the carbon footprint from its activities. Despite the demand for lower pollutant vehicles, there is no need for a complete disruption of the current industrial production processes. Notably, electric vehicles have been promoted by some parties as the only and best solution for the sustainable future of mobility, to the detriment of the internal combustion engine. This tendentious point of view, although controversial and potentially dangerous, has been gaining strength especially after the pandemic started in ...

Although oxygen vacancies (Ovs) have been intensively studied in single semiconductor photocatalysts, exploration of intrinsic mechanisms and in-depth understanding of Ovs in S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts are still limited. Herein, a novel S-scheme photocatalyst made from WO 3 -Ov/In 2 S 3 with Ovs at the heterointerface is rationally designed. The microscopic environment and local electronic structure of the S-scheme heterointerface are well optimized by Ovs. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (fs-TAS) reveals that Ovs trigger additional charge movement routes and therefor...

Although great interest is focused on development of semiconductor photoanodes for efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, the pressing bottleneck to address the intrinsic charge transport for enhancement of PEC performance still remains to be resolved. Herein, hole transport layer (Fh-MXene) constructed by doping of MXene (Ti3C2) in Ferrihydrite (Fh) is loaded on BiVO4 photoanode. This novel BiVO4@Fh-MXene photoanode achieves high current density of 4.55 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE), exhibiting excellent photostability. From electrochemical an...

Abstract Rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted extensive attention and are considered to be promising energy storage devices, owing to their low cost, eco‐friendliness, and high security. However, insufficient energy density has become the bottleneck for practical applications, which is greatly influenced by their cathodes and makes the exploration of high‐performance cathodes still a great challenge. This review underscores the recent advances in the rational design of advanced cathodes for AZIBs. The review starts with a brief summary and evaluation of cathode materi...

As our society becomes increasingly dependent on engineering and technology, it is more important than ever that everyone have a basic understanding of what engineers do, and the uses and implications of the technologies they create.Yet few citizens are technologically literate, in large part because technology and engineering are not taught in our schools 1 .Just as it is important to begin science instruction in the elementary grades by building on children's curiosity about the natural world, it's important to begin engineering instruction in elementary school by building on children's natu...

Recently, solar-driven gas-liquid interfacial evaporation has mainly concentrated on the improvement of sunlight absorption efficiency while neglecting the regulation of water transportation. The blind pursuit of superwetting material design has ignored using excessive water transport instead to add unnecessary heat loss. Furthermore, the material biosafety also should be focused which can avoid damage to water-source biology and humans during application. Here, we successfully designed a biosafety cuttlefish juice (CJ)-based solar absorber via rotary filling SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) to optimi...

This review provides an overview of different strategies to improve the ion transport of MOF/polymer composite electrolytes and stabilize the electrode/electrolyte interface.

A mitochondria-targeting, defect-engineered AFCT nanozyme with enhanced multi-enzymatic activity was elaborately designed as a tumor microenvironment (TME)-activatable phototheranostic agent to achieve remarkable anti-tumor therapy via "electron transport chain (ETC) interference and synergistic adjuvant therapy".

Abstract Sluggish transport kinetics and rapid dendrite growth are considered the main obstacles that impair the performance of Zn metal batteries. This work has developed a unique strategy of dual‐interface engineering (DIE) to design the separator as efficient ions transport modulator. The dual function of spontaneous polarization effect and high zincophilicity of BaTiO 3 (BTO) is revealed by combining the theoretical and experimental studies. Benefiting from the decoration of BTO on glass fiber and well filling of the surface interspace, the DIE‐modified separator can not only effectively c...

Abstract NOTE: The first page of text has been automatically extracted and included below in lieu of an abstract Session 2480 Illuminating Engineering Laura J. Bottomley and Elizabeth A. Parry North Carolina State University/Science Surround Abstract Engineering is a difficult profession to explain to the average person, much less student, and is probably one of the most frequently misunderstood. The session described in this paper was developed to put engineering in common terms for the lay person, as well as provide an interesting and fun way to explore different concentration areas of the p...

This think piece proposes a new concept of Responsible Transport to help inform and shape transport policy and practice responses to COVID, which incorporates not only environmental considerations with respect to sustainability but also encompasses considerations of individual and community health and wellbeing.

Revised and expanded to reflect cutting-edge innovation in aerodynamics, and packed with new features to support learning, the seventh edition of this classic textbook introduces the fundamentals of aerodynamics using clear explanations and real-world examples. Structured around clear learning objectives, this is the ideal textbook for undergraduate students in aerospace engineering, and for graduate students and professional engineers seeking a readable and accessible reference. Over 10 new Aerodynamics Computation boxes that bring students up to speed on modern computational approaches for p...

Now reissued by Cambridge University Press, this sixth edition covers the fundamentals of aerodynamics using clear explanations and real-world examples. Aerodynamics concept boxes throughout showcase real-world applications, chapter objectives provide readers with a better understanding of the goal of each chapter and highlight the key 'take-home' concepts, and example problems aid understanding of how to apply core concepts. Coverage also includes the importance of aerodynamics to aircraft performance, applications of potential flow theory to aerodynamics, high-lift military airfoils, subsoni...

Combustion Engineering, Third Edition introduces the analysis, design, and building of combustion energy systems. It discusses current global energy, climate, and air pollution challenges and considers the increasing importance of renewable energy sources, such as biomass fuels. Mathematical methods are presented, along with qualitative descriptions of their use, which are supported by numerous tables with practical data and formulae, worked examples, chapter-end problems, and updated references. The new edition features new and updated sections on solid biofuels, spark-ignition, compression-i...

It is argued that many limitations of traditional organoid culture can be addressed by engineering approaches at all levels of organoid systems, and engineering approaches, including cellular engineering, designer matrices and microfluidics, are investigated to improve the reproducibility and physiological relevance of organoids.

The textbook's 4th edition features 600 new and revised end-of-chapter problems, applications and include new topics such as energy harvesting and renewable energy and a host of online videos and experiments, all directed to upper undergraduates, intended for classes in electromagnetics.

Designed to cover the fundamental concepts of thermodynamics used in engineering, the book introduces topics such as the laws of thermodynamics, exergy analysis, thermodynamic cycles, measurement theory, and applications. Using step by step examples and numerous illustrations, the book is designed with a self-teaching methodology, including a variety of exercises with corresponding answers to enhance mastery of the content. The book provides an engineer with a basic understanding or review of thermodynamic principles. Features: Designed to cover the fundamental concepts of thermodynamics used ...

Contents Preface 1 Introduction 2 Vector Algebra 3 Vector Calculus 4 Electrostatics 5 Magnetostatics 6 Maxwell's Equations for Time-Varying Fields 7 Plane-Wave Propagation 8 Transmission Lines 9 Wave Reflection and Transmission 10 Radiation and Antennas

The theoretical basis of gene editing technology is introduced and some recent engineered probiotics researches, including inflammatory bowel disease, bacterial infection, tumor and metabolic diseases are focused on.

Abstract Multi‐cellular spheroids are formed as a 3D structure with dense cell–cell/cell–extracellular matrix interactions, and thus, have been widely utilized as implantable therapeutics and various ex vivo tissue models in tissue engineering. In principle, spheroid culture methods maximize cell–cell cohesion and induce spontaneous cellular assembly while minimizing cellular interactions with substrates by using physical forces such as gravitational or centrifugal forces, protein‐repellant biomaterials, and micro‐structured surfaces. In addition, biofunctional materials including magnetic nan...

Attaining Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is important to control the adverse impacts of climate change and achieve sustainable development. Among the 17 SDGs, target 13 emphasizes enhancing urgent actions to combat climate-related changes. This target is also dependent on target 7, which advocates enhancing access to cheap alternative sustainable energy. To accomplish these targets, it is vital to curb the transport CO 2 emissions (TCO 2 ) which increased by approximately 80% from 1990 to 2019. Thus, this study assesses the role of transport renewable energy consumption (TRN) in TCO 2 by...

Transportation policies, plans, and projects all flow through state institutions because of the substantial cost of infrastructure and the need to assess transportation system performance, including equity implications. But environmental justice scholarship interrogates the state’s role in perpetuating injustice. Most research and planning practice related to transportation equity has relied upon state-sponsored analytical methods. Transportation planners and scholars can benefit from critical assessments of these approaches. We propose a shift in focus from transportation equity to a broader ...

This paper briefly summarizes the main research and findings over the last decade for next-generation intelligent transportation systems research and development.

Abstract New‐fashioned electrode hosts for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are elaborately engineered to involve multifunctional active components that can synergistically conquer the critical issues of severe volume deformation and sluggish reaction kinetics of electrodes toward immensely enhanced battery performance. Herein, it is first reported that single‐phase CoPS, a new metal phosphosulfide for SIBs, in the form of quantum dots, is successfully introduced into a leaf‐shaped conductive carbon nanosheet, which can be further in situ anchored on a 3D interconnected branch‐like N‐doped carbon n...

The Review of Maritime Transport (RMT) has been published annually since 1968. The flagship report provides an analysis of structural and cyclical changes affecting seaborne trade, ports and shipping, as well as an extensive collection of statistics. Around 80% of the volume of international trade in goods is carried by sea, and the percentage is even higher for most developing countries. The 2022 RMT covers recent developments in maritime logistics related to the Covid-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and a special chapter on consolidation and competition issues in container shipping.

When assessing causal effects, determining the target population to which the results are intended to generalize is a critical decision. Randomized and observational studies each have strengths and limitations for estimating causal effects in a target population. Estimates from randomized data may have internal validity but are often not representative of the target population. Observational data may better reflect the target population, and hence be more likely to have external validity, but are subject to potential bias due to unmeasured confounding. While much of the causal inference litera...

Glymphatic clearance of potentially harmful metabolic or protein waste products, such as amyloid-β is primarily active during sleep, when its physiological drivers, the cardiac cycle, respiration, and slow vasomotion, together efficiently propel CSF inflow along periarterial spaces.

Chapter 1. Transportation and Geography Concepts: 1. What is Transport Geography? 2. Transportation and Space 3. Transportation and Commercial Geography 4. The Geography of Transportation Networks Case Study: Strategic Maritime Passages Chapter 2. Transportation and the Spatial Structure Concepts: 1. Historical Geography of Transportation 2. Transport and Spatial Organization 3. Transport and Location 4. Future Transportation Case Study: High Speed Rail Systems Chapter 3. Transportation Modes Concepts: 1. A Diversity of Modes 2. Intermodal Transportation 3. Passengers and Freight: Complementar...

This expanded and revised sixth edition of The Geography of Transport Systems provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the field with a broad overview of its concepts, methods, and areas of application. It explores the spatial aspects of transportation and focuses on how the mobility of passengers and freight is linked with geography. The book is divided into ten chapters, each covering a specific conceptual dimension, including networks, modes, terminals, freight transportation, urban transportation, and environmental impacts, and updated with the latest information available. ...