Top Research Papers on Unemployment

This paper develops a matching model of the labor market under wage rigidity when hiring decisions are irreversible. There are two types of workers, the skilled and the unskilled. The model is used to analyze whether technological advances may have increased unemployment. It is shown that it is likely to be so if they are associated with an increase in the productivity and/or the supply of skilled workers relative to unskilled workers. These effects are stronger when hiring decisions are more irreversible.

There is a causal link between unemployment and the deterioration in health status, but there is also an act of selection so that people with health problems have more problems in getting a new job.

In each national situation, unemployment is analyzed as an interdependent chain between institutional actors and individual actors, as a combination of structural processes and subjective processes, as an intricacy composed of collective regulations and individual strategies, institutional norms and subjective worlds, codified rules and life experiences. These coherences can be considered as national configurations, rather than as models, because they are both structured and dynamic, precisely because permanent tensions are present between structural phenomena, themselves submitted to macro-so...

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore youth graduate unemployment and unemployability as a development problem in South Africa.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory study applied a qualitative research method to elicit the perspectives of youth graduates regarding their unemployment and unemployability. A total of 30 face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with unemployed youth who recently graduated from five South African universities.FindingsThe results indicate that, as youth graduate unemployment increases in South Africa, graduates become hopeless in terms o...

The study typifies individuals affected by unemployment by their cumulated spells of joblessness, the number of their spells and the duration of the longest spell in the past five years. From this, a differentiated image is obtained of the effects of unemployment which makes for a closer perception of the scope of the marginalisation problem suffered by the unemployed. The results point to the great importance of longer spells of unemployment. Frequent alternate spells of employment and short-term unemployment are typical of unemployment in Austria. In this segment, the return to the former em...

This study investigated the assignment of causes for unemployment by unemployed workers, with a view to analyzing the predictive power of sociodemographic variables for the assignment. A scale of causal attribution of unemployment, originally developed by Furnham, was applied to 376 unemployed people. After confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the scale factors were used in a regression model containing sociodemographic variables as predictors. The CFA results support Furnham’s original three-factor model of unemployment causes (individualistic, societal, and fatalistic; χ 2 (100)=261.53, p<0.0...

Under the assumption that unemployment is the result of job rationing, Hicks's compensating variation measures the payment that would make a worker indifferent between employment at his desired annual hours and rationed employment. This theory is applied at the individual level to find the compensation for the rationing. It varies according to the position of the compensated labor supply function, the wage rate, and the duration of unemployment. The individual measures are aggregated for each year from 1967 through 1975. The aggregate measure varies sharply with the level of unemployment; but ...

This paper is concerned with two related features of the labor market-the ratio of long-term to total unemployment, R, and the relat ionship between unemployment and vacancies (the "U-V curve"). A model is developed to explain R in terms of the average probability that an unemployed person will find a job within a particular time period. When the authors add the empirically confirmed hypothesis that this exit probability is lower for the long-term than it is for the short-term unemployed, the n the model is consistent with the observed pattern of unemployment. Copyright 1988 by Royal Economic ...

Introduction Over the past decade social security policy in Australia towards people of working age has become increasingly conditional on their demonstrating thorough and continuing job search effort. Though work tests have long been part of entitlement to unemployment benefits, the current regime of activity testing has moved well beyond earlier requirements. Initial moves in this direction began under the Labor Government in the mid- 1980s, but have been taken much further by the Coalition Government. In emphasising `mutual obligation' as a guiding principle in recasting social security for...

This study focuses on the crossover of state anxiety between spouses in working couplesin Israel when one of them faces unemployment. We assessed state anxiety, financial hardship and social support for both spouses at two points in time. Participants were 113 unemployed people who came to the Academics Employment Exchange to apply for the ‘unemployment grant’. They and their spouses completed questionnaires at the beginning (wave 1) and end (wave 2) of the 2-month period for which they were entitled to the ‘unemployment grant’. Findings demonstrate that on both occasions, the economic hardshi...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test a process model of coping with job loss by examining the impact of distal to proximal variable sets for incrementally explaining two distinct subjective well‐being variables: life satisfaction and unemployment stigma. A second purpose is to test for mean differences between study scales for increasingly long‐term unemployed individuals.Design/methodology/approach – A unique sample of unemployed victims completed an online survey investigating the impact of six variable sets on life satisfaction and unemployment stigma. These sets fall within the M...

This study uses a longitudinal data set of administrative records to investigate geographical mobility among unemployment benefit recipients in Australia, focusing on the role of regional differences in employment opportunity and housing costs. Two statistical approaches are used. The first is to model the probability that a benefit recipient changes region within a 12‐month period, with measures of employment opportunity and housing costs in the “home” region included among the explanatory variables. The second models flows between regions, with the regional differentials included among the r...

The study of unemployment and the unemployed in Russia began in the 1990s. The three periods can be distinguished in the unemployment study: 1. 1992-1998 Post-reform period of heightened public attention. 2. 1999-2008 Post-transformation recovery period attempts to explore the correlations between unemployment and the main socio-economic trends. 3. 2009 present. Period of protracted economic and financial crisis – the themes of unemployment losing its actuality, despite the fact that Russians still fear of firing and the job-hunting difficulties. However, there are the lack of articles, which ...

This paper probes the drivers and constraints that affect an unemployed individual's decision to start a business. Using linear probability model and survival analysis, we find that unemployment benefits have a significantly negative effect on switching from unemployment to self-employment and a positive effect on the duration before the switch, especially on the unincorporated self-employment. Moreover, unemployed individuals are less likely to start a business after being laid off, if their spouse does not have a job or most people expect the unemployment rate to go down in the coming 12 mon...

The study, which analyzes the rate of unemployment by education level of unemployed persons, divided into three parts. The first part deals with the theoretical explanatory variables used in the paper in order to analyze the structure of unemployment by education level. The second part presents the research methodology and data used in the work of the selected sample of 40 countries of the world. The variables used in the paper to explore are: the percentage of unemployment of people with low education (primary school), the percentage of unemployment of people with secondary education (seconda...

In this paper the main attention will be given to the subjective ex­ perience of being unemployed. This experience is influenced by a number of social factors and is also related to (health) effects of unemployment, which can b~ devided into physical and psychosocial effects. The Hypo­ thesis can be drawn from the published research results, and on this basis we shall explore various possibilities for the formulation of problems that might be investigated. Subjective experience of unemployment Few studies have dealt with the health of today's unemployed, especially if we wish to exclude the ca...

The purpose of this research is to investigate the psychological and mental consequences of unemployment on Unemployed in Lattakia in 2016. The population consists of unemployed people whose age is between 15 and 64 years. The GHQ-12 questionnaire has employed in order to assess the psychological and mental health of unemployed people. The results showed that unemployment has negative effects on the psychological and mental health of unemployed people. Unemployment leads unemployed to feel: inability to concentrate, loosing much sleep over worry, not playing a useful part in things, not capabl...

This paper will begin defining the activities that are taken to comprise the informal economy, and go on to propose a simple typoiogy, based on an expansion of the previous work of Ferman, Gexshuny, Plahl and myself.

In this article, Andrew Dunn presents research which finds that many unemployed people prefer living on benefits to undertaking jobs which would increase their income, but which they consider unattractive.

The author carried out a psychosocial study on the repercussions of unemployment in poor workers and their families, which involved psychoanalytically based observations and interventions with unemployed population attended at a Reference Center for Workers’ Health in a lower middle class neighbourhood in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. After an initial discussion on unemployment as one of the drastic results of the contemporary forms of worldwide capitalism, and a presentation of some ideas concerning the contemporary debate on the relations between unemployment and psychic life, she shows s...

While there has been considerable discussion of the adequacy of unemployment insurance (UI) benefits as a form of income replacement, there is little evidence on the other resources that the unemployed have to finance their unemployment spells. In this paper I focus on focus on one form of resources, own wealth holdings. I find that the median worker has financial assets sufficient to finance roughly two-thirds of the income loss from an unemployment spell, but that there is tremendous heterogeneity in wealth holdings; almost one-third of workers can't even replace 10% of their income loss. Mo...

Sage (eds.), Handbook of Social Science of Sport . Champaign, Illinois: Stipes Publishing Company. KENYON, Gerald S. 1966 "The Significance of Physical Activity as a Function of Age, Sex, Education and Socio-Economic Status of Northern United States Adults." International Review of Sport Sociology 1:41-51. LOY, John W., MCPHERSON, Barry D., and KENYON, Gerald 1978 Sport and Social Systems. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley. ROBINSON, J. P. 1967 "Time Expenditure on Sports Across Ten Countries." International Review of Sport Sociology 2:67-84. STEIN, Peter J. and Steven HOFFMAN 1978 "Sport...

This study focuses on recurring unemployment, that is people with two or more spells of unemployment during the period of observation (July 1993 – August 1996). First, a classification is obtained which is then used to examine the specific role of occasional jobs during a spell of unemployment and, in this context, the influence of the received unemployment benefits on the duration of this spell. This paper is a continuation of previous analyses of unemployment in France, based on long-term data from the unemployed register held by ANPE (National Employment Bureau). The present analysis conduc...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between unemployment and social participation and aim to identify the role of national policies and attitudes as possible mediators. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use the 2006 EU-SILC module on social participation – a data set that provides rich information on social participation for 22/23 EU countries. They adopt a two-step multi-level design, allowing them to directly examine the impact of national policies and norms on individual outcome. Findings – The paper reveals clear evidence that the unemployed have lowe...

The literature on the psychological consequences of unemployment suggests that an adaptation process takes place among the long-term unemployed. Their psychological well-being decreases strongly at the beginning of unemployment, to stabilize at a lower level after a certain time. This stabilization is due to an adaptation process, in which the unemployed decrease their job search behaviors and lower their employment commitment. In this cross-sectional study from Belgium, 563 short-term and 195 longterm unemployed are compared on psychological well-being, the experience of unemployment, employm...

The paper analyzes the effects of unemployment insurance(UI) duration on the unemployment duration using registered data of the unemployed men in Qingdao.We apply survival analysis to our duration research and construct a Cox proportional hazard model based on the dynamic search theory.The results suggest that the unemployment insurance has a potential disincentive effects on the hazard into employment,which can be found from comparing UI-receiver with non-receiver.We also find that different levels of UI duration have different effets on the hazard to employment and unemployment durations.In ...

In this paper, I study the relationship between unemployment benefits, labour market conditions and crime in the light of increasing unemployment durations and temporary benefit extensions in the US. First, I find a positive reduced form effect of the benefit extensions on property crime. Second, I explore the mechanisms of the reduced form in an IV model and find that higher unemployment and longer unemployment durations are linked to higher property crime rates. These findings can rationalise the reduced form effect: Longer benefit durations are linked to longer unemployment durations which ...

This document is intended to help clarify the role that language plays in the development of identity and identity-based learning.

The results show that a larger part of total migration is motivated by reasons other than pure labour market considerations, which is less willing to migrate than those who are not receiving such benefits.

The results suggest that federal discretionary unemployment-compensation programs, which are implemented during recessionary periods, likely serve to retard out-migration of those who are involuntarily unemployed.

This paper analyzes the characteristics of unemployed persons and unemployment rate with the data obtained from the sample surveys on the 2000 National Population Censuses. The sample fractions is around 1‰。It aims to have some ideas about the different characteristics, such as sex, age, kind of unemployment, education situations, urban and rural areas, and regions, etc. In the coming a few years, China is likely to experience the most serious unemployment pressures it has ever faced.

The findings would seem to present a rather bleak picture of the current dramatic labour market situation, as the unemployed will be negatively affected by the extremely low demand for labour, while they will not be able to take comfort from their growing numbers.

This work decomposes the human capital bundle into two characteristics: "knowledge", associated with one's own education ane experience, and "general skills", associated with parent's education. Using this decomposition we provide a new set of observations on the cyclicability ofboth wages and employment.

This paper deals with the issues of unemployment in Russia.

Osnovni cilj rada bio je upoznati perspektivu nezaposlenih mladih osoba, rizicnog ponasanja ili s potencijalnim rizicima u okruženju, o statusu i iskustvu nezapolene osobe. Kao polaziste u tumacenju rizicnih cimbenika od nezaposlenosti uzet je Kronauerov model socijalne iskljucenosti definiran sa sest dimenzija (iskljucenost iz tržista rada, ekonomska iskljucenost, socijalna izolacija, institucijska iskljucenost te prostorna i kulturna iskljucenost). Provedeno je ukupno 5 fokus grupa s 19 nezaposlenih mladih osoba (u dobi od 18 do 27 godina) iz 4 grada u RH i dvije vrste ustanove (zavod za zap...

This study investigated the effects of unemployment duration, volunteerism and age on perceptions of unemployed job candidates. An experimental design was employed in which participants judged fictitious resumes of unemployed candidates. We found that candidates unemployed for 18 months were viewed as less qualified and would be less likely to be interviewed and hired than those unemployed for 6 or 12 months at all age levels (30, 40, 50) studied. Candidates who had performed volunteer work (career- or non-career-related) would be more likely to be interviewed and hired than those who had not ...

We examine the implications of worker heterogeneity on the equilibrium matching process, using a directed search model. Worker abilities are selected from a general distribution, subject to some weak regularity requirements, and the firms direct their job offers to workers. We identify conditions under which some fraction of the workforce will be "unemployable": no firm will approach them even though they offer positive surplus. For large markets we derive a simple closed form expression for the equilibrum matching function. This function has constant returns to scale and two new terms, which ...

This article evaluates the effects of intensive counseling schemes that are provided to about 20% of the unemployed since the 2001 French unemployment policy reform (PARE). Several of the schemes are dedicated at improving the quality of assignment of workers to jobs. As a result, it is necessary to assess their impact on unemployment recurrence as well as unemployment duration. Using duration models and a very rich data set, we can identify heterogenous and time-dependent causal effects of the schemes. We find significant favorable effects on both outcomes, but the impact on unemployment recu...

L'idee que le chomage est nocif pour la sante des gens en est une qui est tres repandue. La recherche sur ce sujet est a l'origine du present article. Pour estimer les consequences du chomage sur la sante des travailleurs sans emploi au Quebec, on a compare l'etat de sante d'un certain nombre de salaries sans travail a celui d'un groupe de personnes qui detenaient un emploi en utilisant cinq mesures destinees a apprecier leurs conditions de sante tant physiques que mentales. Les statistiques proviennent de l'Enquete Sante Canada, une enquete-maison effectuee en 1978 et en 1979. On a evalue l'e...

This paper examines if the probability of leaving unemployment changes for unemployed parents with young children when childcare is available. To investigate this, I use the heterogeneity among Swedish municipalities before the implementation of a 2001 Swedish childcare reform making it mandatory for municipalities to offer childcare to unemployed parents for at least 15 hours per week.In the study di erence-in-di erences and difference-in-difference-in differences methods are used. The results indicate a positive effect on the probability of leaving unemployment for mothers when childcare is ...

This paper considers labour supply and demand shocks in a simple flow model of the labour market. We explicitly model the propagation of shocks and the adjustment mechanisms. By way of simulations we explore the extent of labour market hysteresis arising from negative duration dependence and the so-called entitlement effect that arises when social security provisions become more generous. The main findings of our modelling exercise are: (i) the extent of hysteresis depends very much on the way labour demand reacts to labour supply, (ii) negative duration dependence adds to unemployment hystere...

The causes of differences in the duration of unemployment can be grouped into two categories: the personal characteristics of the unemployed and the structure of the regional economy. In the recent literature the personal characteristics age, education, family status, sex, work-experi¬ ence, and unemployment benefits to income ratio are mentioned as the most important personal characteristics of the unemployed. The demand for labor is considered to be the relevant aspect of the regional economy. To find out whether the group of personal characteristics or the regional structure is the most imp...

In principle, the modern welfare state provides income support for the unemployed, guaranteeing a certain level of income. This is no doubt one of the reasons why the high unemployment rates in Britain in the late 1970s and 1980s have met with so little public and electoral response. Many people believe that there is an effective system of social insurance, coupled with an income-tested safety net. In practice, income maintenance for the unemployed in Britain is incomplete and inadequate, and in the face of unemployment measured in millions,,the reaction of the government was to make the schem...

This expression of frustration and anger comes from one of Britain's 24,000 unemployed teachers. After more than thirty years of providing an assured career outlet for large numbers of students in higher education, and an avenue of social mobility for those amongst them from working class backgrounds, school teaching is now one of the professions contributing heavily to the rising unemployment rates. The recent extensions of cuts in public expenditure have led to the suggestion that another 50,000 teachers may soon be joining their colleagues in the rapidly lengthening dole queues. Despite the...

A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Art (Psychology)

THE INTER-RELATIONSHIP between the amount of unemployment and standards of unemployability has long been recognized but inadequately discussed in texts and non-technical books. Changing standards of employability arising from the amount of unemployment, have direct effect on the problem of dependence of marginal groups of workers, such as the aged, the blind, and workers with other handicaps. As will be shown, this relationship is not a newly recognized one. Beveridge pointed out the relationship nearly forty years ago in his "Unemployment A Problem of Industry" which is quoted from briefly in...

Many studies document a large negative effect of unemployment on happiness. Recent research has looked into factors related to impacts on happiness, such as adaptation, social work norms, social capital, religious beliefs, and psychological resources. Getting unemployed people back to work can do more for their happiness than compensating them for doing nothing. But not all unemployed people are equally unhappy. Understanding the differences holds the key to designing effective policies, for helping the unemployed back into work, and for more evenly distributing the burden of unemployment resu...

This thesis examines the social and the political participation of long-term unemployed youth in Geneva. The research analyses participation in social networks, both associational and interpersonal, as well as the political participation and the personal well-being of unemployed youth in order to assess the impact of long-term unemployment on citizenship. Results show that although unemployed youth suffer from a reduced personal well-being, they remain socially and politically active. The three dimensions are interrelated. Associational membership fosters unemployed youth political participati...

The health of young unemployed Australians during a period of low unemployment (April 2007: rate 4.4%) is compared against published Australian norms for 18–24 year olds and unemployed people during a time of higher unemployment.

This paper examines the incentive effects of interactions between unemployment insurance (UI) and sickness insurance (SI), two important components of Sweden's social insurance system. The main topic is how the sickness-report rate among the unemployed is affected by (i) the limit of 300 workdays for UI benefits, and (ii) the difference in maximum compensation between UI and SI benefits. Results obtained by duration analysis suggest that sick reports increase as the UI benefit expiration date approaches. There is also evidence of an incentive effect on the sick-report rate because SI offers hi...