Forensic science.

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Date__________ Forensic Science Midterm Review 1.What is Forensic Science? it is the direct application of scientific knowledge and techniques to matters of law. 2. What is Locard Exchange Principle ? “...that any two surfaces coming in contact leave trace evidence behind. ” Dr. Edmond Locard, French investigator, believed there was cross-transference of small traces between a perpetrator and a victim Locard theorized that whenever two surfaces come into contact, a transfer of minutiae, however slight, would occur. or the crime scene. 3. Who created the first crime lab in Lyons, France in 1910, the first crime lab was created by Edmond Locard. 4. a. What is evidence ?Anything that has been used, left, removed, altered, or contaminated during the commission of a crime is considered evidence. b. What is trace evidence? Taken from its name, trace evidence is considered to be any minutiae that can be found. This includes fingerprints, hairs, fibers, and various fluids(blood, semen). 5. Describe the trace evidence associated with convicted Atlanta Child Serial Killer, Wayne Williams. 1. Carpet fibers from his home and auto 2. Dog hairs from the family pet 3. Fibers from a bedspread from his bedroom 6. SKIP 7. What is Physical Evidence? ( I know , the same as evidence) Anything that has been used, left, removed, altered, or contaminated during the commission of a crime. 8. What is impression evidence? When shoe, footprints or tire prints are found at a crime scene, all attempts are made to preserve the impressions or reproductions are created. 9. Describe 2 differences between impressions and prints? (1.).)prints are 2D and made by placing material on, transferring from or by removing it from a hard surface. But an impression is 3-D and usually created on pliable materials such as soils. (2.) usually prints are lifted from a surface, impressions are preserved with a cast. 10. What technique is used to preserve a print in dirt or dust? if the print is made of dust or dirt, the print is lifted by applying a lifting material(it is dusted and lifted with an adhesive)If the print is difficult to lift and electrostatic charge is applied , especially with sand prints. 11. How does the Kastle-Meyer Test identify Blood Evidence? peroxidase-like reaction an enzyme reaction with peroxide and color reaction with phenolphthalein which turns PINK. SOMETIMES though, FALSE-Positives can occur if potatoes of horseradish are in the scene 12. Describe the Luminol Test for the presence of blood:.? Instead a color reaction: it is a reaction to create LIGHT called Luminescence.