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This paper questions whether the Chinese anti-satellite test in 2007 risks creating an arms race in space. It fi nds that while other countries and regional groupings have their own space programmes, these are largely civilian, money-making enterprises. The USA currently has the pre-eminent military presence in the space domain, and has a range of options to continue to develop these programs without them being seen as threatening to other states. Despite being alarmed by the Chinese tests, and having stated an unwavering determination to retain its space assets and its superiority in space, there does not appear to be a danger of an arms race between the US and others in space at the present time. However, much will depend on China’s aspirations. An incoming US President would do well to consider how the US could lead in ensuring the peaceful development of the space domain. 1 This document is approximately 5,500 words, excluding its bibliography and