FEDERAL FINANCE IN INDIA
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Abstract
TNDIA, with a population of more A than 360 million, is in that respect the largest country in the world with a federal system of government. Although the problems of federal government and finance are fundamentally the same in India as in other federalisms, the subject takes on special interest because of the country's ancient civilization; colorful history; and cultural diversity as evidenced by differences in customs, language, and religion. Poverty and the government's efforts to alleviate it are the most pervasive economic influences on public finance. Recognizing the importance and likely persistence of questions of federal-state fiscal relations, the authors of the Indian Constitution of 1949 incorporated an article requiring the President to constitute within two years after the new Constitution became effective a finance commission to study these matters and thereafter to set up a new commission at the expiration of each fifth year or earlier if he considers necessary (Article 280). The first finance commission was appointed November 21, 1951, and submitted its re-