What Is Addiction
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Abstract
The image of the addict in popular culture combines victimhood and moral failure; we sympathize with addicts in films and novels because of their suffering and their hard-won knowledge. And yet actual scientific knowledge about addiction tends to undermine this cultural construct. In What Is Addiction?, leading addiction researchers from neuroscience, psychology, genetics, philosophy, economics, and other fields survey the latest findings in addiction science. They discuss such questions as whether addiction is one kind of condition, or several; if addiction is neurophysiological, psychological, or social, or incorporates aspects of all of these; to what extent addicts are responsible for their problems, and how this affects health and regulatory policies; and whether addiction is determined by inheritance or environment or both. The chapter authors discuss the possibility of a unifying basis for different addictions (considering both substance addiction and pathological gambling), offering both neurally and neuroscientifically grounded accounts as well as discussions of the social context of addiction. There can be no definitive answer yet to the question posed by the title of this book; but these essays demonstrate a sweeping advance over the simplistic conception embedded in popular culture. Contents â?¢ The Contribution of Executive Dysfunction â?¢ Neurobiology of Pathological Gambling â?¢ Alcoholism as an Exemplar â?¢ Addiction as a Breakdown in the Machinery of Decision Making â?¢ Economic Models of Pathological Gambling â?¢ A Latent Property of the Dynamics of Choice â?¢ Addiction and Altruism â?¢ Hyperbolic Discounting versus Conditioning and Cognitive Framing â?¢ Measuring Dispositions to Bundle Choices â?¢ Anticipatory Processing as a Transdisciplinary Bridge in Addiction â?¢ Impulsivity and Its Association with Treatment Development for Pathological Gambling and Substance Use Disorders â?¢ Medical Models of Addiction â?¢ Addiction and the Diagnostic Criteria for Pathological Gambling â?¢ Irrational Action and Addiction â?¢ Defining Addiction and Identifying the Public Interest in Liberal Democracies