Vermicomposting as an effective approach to municipal sewage sludge management through optimization of the selected process variables.
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Abstract
In most developing countries, municipal sewage sludge end-use practices appear unsustainable; rather, it poses environmental concerns. This study examined the potential of vermicomposting of municipal sewage sludge and its blend with other biowaste for agricultural application. Using a response surface methodology and the Box-Behnken design in Design Expert Software (Version 10.0.7), the current study optimized the moisture content (60-90%), turning frequency (1-3 turnings/week), and substrate mixing ratios (50:50 to 80:20 wt.%) to maximize the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. As a result, an optimal moisture content (72%), substrate mixing ratio (72.34:27.6 wt.%), and turning frequency (2 per week), producing a promising-quality vermicompost with a maximum yield of nitrogen (2.76%), phosphorus (1.80%), and potassium (1.88%) is achieved. Thus, vermicomposting can effectively turn the concerning municipal sewage sludge into useful agricultural input for its sustainable management.