Trauma
This chapter covers trauma and the mechanisms of injury, grading of injury severity, and initial management of thoracic and abdominal trauma, including specific organ injury, and blast injuries.
Abstract
This chapter covers trauma and the mechanisms of injury (blunt, penetrating, and burns or scalds), grading of injury severity, and initial management. The incidence, clinical features, and management of thoracic and abdominal trauma, including specific organ injury, and blast injuries are all described. The concepts of damage control resuscitation (DCR) and damage control surgery (DCS); organ injury scaling (OIS), blunt and penetrating trauma, compression injury to the chest; pneumothorax; liver injury; splenic injury: and intestinal injury are detailed. The role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is emphasized in liver and splenic injury. Blast injuries affecting children are also reviewed.