Parenting Styles/Discipline
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Abstract
A parenting style refers to a cluster of parental practices that produce relatively stable and identifiable patterns of child adjustment. Parenting styles reflect variations in the attitudes and practices of parents, and are comprised of discrete parenting behaviors, including disciplinary tactics. Baumrind's parenting styles typology represents the leading typological approach to parenting, and has dominated the parent–child research agenda for the last 50 years. This entry examines the historical context in which the typology emerged, as well as its theoretical and research foundations. It introduces the original parenting styles typology based on three parenting prototypes, and details the research findings that led to an expansion of the typology to include four parenting prototypes. It concludes with a discussion of child outcomes associated with the various parenting styles, as well as proposing future directions for parenting styles research. Keywords: discipline; family communication; parental authority; parenting styles