Top Research Papers on ADHD

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; also known as hyperkinetic disorder) is a common neurodevelopmental condition that affects children and adults worldwide. ADHD has a predominantly genetic aetiology that involves common and rare genetic variants. Some environmental correlates of the disorder have been discovered but causation has been difficult to establish. The heterogeneity of the condition is evident in the diverse presentation of symptoms and levels of impairment, the numerous co-occurring mental and physical conditions, the various domains of neurocognitive impairment, and e...

An account of the diagnosis, epidemiology, and treatment of ADHD from the perspective of both the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the eleventh editions of the International Classification of Diseases is provided.

Although the understanding of the role of ADHD in the development of criminal behavior has substantially improved during the last two decades, more research is needed to further elucidate the mechanisms generating unfavorable outcomes and to engender adequate treatment strategies for this population at risk.

Amphetamines and methylphenidate and, less often, nonstimulants (atomoxetine, clonidine, and guanfacine) are used to treat ADHD.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that investigated the prevalence of ADHD in Africa suggested that ADHD is a serious public health problem in children and adolescents in Africa, indicating that greater attention needs to be paid to the prevention and treatment of ADHD.

This systematic scoping review evaluates the multidecade pattern of diagnosis in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young people using a framework for identifying overdiagnosis for noncancer conditions.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the risk of both all-cause and cause-specific mortality among persons with autism spectrum disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and their first-degree relatives.

Evidence of an association with these factors has become valuable for research on ADHD and opens up new intervention routes for the use of natural products as antioxidants that could have potential as a treatment against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in ADHD.

The field is on the cusp of justifying an emotionally dysregulated subprofile in ADHD that may be useful for clinical prediction and treatment testing and it is proposed that an integrated approach utilizing theory and advanced computational logic can render the heterogeneity problem tractable for ADHD.

Preliminary evidence shows both acute and chronic physical exercise are beneficial to ADHD symptoms, executive function, and motor abilities and supports physical exercise as an adjunctive treatment for ADHD at this time.

This meta-analysis identified relevant moderate group differences (-0.32<d<-0.57), mainly regarding later cognitive ERPs, Nevertheless, results are characterized by substantial heterogeneity and the moderate effect sizes limit the use for clinical application.

This review shows the ADHD PRS is robust and reliable, associating not just ADHD but many outcomes and challenges known to be linked to ADHD.

The findings support ED symptoms as a core feature of ADHD’s psychopathology and suggest that emotional lability, negative emotional responses, and emotion recognition play a more definitive role in the psychopathology of adults with ADHD.

Great strides have been made toward fulfilling the aims of the ENIGMA collaborations, while new ideas and follow-up analyses continue that include more imaging modalities (diffusion MRI and resting‐state functional MRI), collaborations with other large databases, and samples with dual diagnoses.

Parenting and family environment have significant impact on child development, including development of executive function, attention, and self-regulation, and may affect the risk of developmental disorders including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This paper examines the relationship of parenting and family environment factors with ADHD. A systematic review of the literature was conducted in 2014 and identified 52 longitudinal studies. A follow-up search in 2021 identified 7 additional articles, for a total of 59 studies that examined the association of parenting factors with...

It is confirmed that persistent ADHD in adults is a neurodevelopmental disorder and the existing hypothesis of a shared genetic architecture underlying ADHD and different traits to a lifespan perspective is extended.

Gamification and cognitive training could be the main mechanisms underlying the usefulness and effectiveness of video game-based assessment tools and interventions for children diagnosed with ADHD.

This consensus aims to provide a better understanding of females with ADHD in order to improve recognition and referral and to adopt a lifespan model of care for girls and women with ADHD.

The association of maternal diabetes with N DDs in offspring varies depending on the co-morbid presentation of the NDDs, with the greatest odds associated with outcomes that included ID.

The gender distribution in ASD in adults compared with children and the impact of comorbid intellectual disability (ID) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the male to female ratio (MFR) are examined.

Evaluating studies investigating the gut microbiota composition in individuals with ASD or ADHD found several common characteristics in gut microbiota function were identified for ASD compared to controls, and in contrast, highly heterogeneous results were reported for ADHD, and thus the association between Gut microbiota composition and ADHD remains unclear.

The eyes-open and eyes-closed resting electroencephalogram (EEG) literature for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) from 2002 to 2019 is reviewed, with investigations moving from a comparison of an AD/HD sample to a control group, to research investigating a wide range of theoretical and clinical aspects of the disorder.

It is demonstrated that altered microbial composition could be a driver of altered brain structure and function and concomitant changes in the animals’ behavior and these findings may help to understand the mechanisms through which the gut microbiota contributes to the pathobiology of neurodevelopmental disorders.

An up-to-date estimation of the global prevalence of both persistent and symptomatic adult ADHD is provided through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Asian, Black, and Hispanic children were significantly less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD compared with White children, and White children were also more likely to receive treatment for ADHD.

This is the first study to develop an automated classification system for the classification of ADHD, CD and ADHD+CD classes using EEG signals and it is important to note that testing with larger data is required before the AS can be employed for clinical applications.

The results suggested that the manipulation of antecedents of behavior and reinforcement techniques are key components of parent training for children with ADHD in relation to parental outcomes, and may help to strengthen and tailor parent training interventions forChildren with ADHD.

Almost half of the analyzed TikTok videos about ADHD were misleading, and Clinicians should be aware of the widespread dissemination of health misinformation on social media platforms and its potential impact on clinical care.

Findings from this compressive umbrella review suggest that ADHD is highly prevalent in children and adolescents with boys twice more likely to experience the disorder than girls.

The results suggest that even population levels of these compounds may have negative impacts on neurodevelopment, as well as studies of combined effects of metals/elements and mechanistic underpinnings.

A meeting of professional experts aimed to address the complexities of ADHD and ASD as a co-occurring presentation from different perspectives and reached expert consensus on the topic that will aid healthcare practitioners and allied professionals when working with this complex and vulnerable population.

Findings did not support using rTMS or tDCS of the dlPFC as an alternative neurotherapy for ADHD as yet, but larger, multi-session stimulation studies identifying more optimal sites and stimulation parameters in combination with cognitive training could achieve larger effects.

Focusing on ADHD in females is necessary to characterize causal and maintaining mechanisms with accuracy and to foster responsive interventions, as highlighted in the closing list of clinical implications and research priorities.

People with ADHD and ASD have mostly distinct structural abnormalities, with enlarged fronto-temporalGMV in ASD and reduced orbitofrontal GMV in ADHD; and mostly distinct functional abnormalities, which were more pronounced in ASD.

This issue is addressed in the context of three important neurodevelopmental disorders where male bias exists into variable extents: autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia (SCZ).

The meta-analysis focused on SBC studies found no significant spatial convergence of ADHD-related hyper- or hypo-connectivity across studies, which may be accounted for by heterogeneity in study participants, experimental procedures and analytic flexibility, as well as in ADHD pathophysiology.

This study does not support a specific effect of deliberate TBR NF at either treatment end or 13-month follow-up of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

This meta‐analysis was performed to understand the weight status in individuals with ASD or ADHD and found an increasing trend in the prevalence of unhealthy weight was observed.

It is indicated that exercise interventions improved overall executive functions of children and adolescents with ADHD and chronic sessions of exercise interventions with moderate intensity should be incorporated as treatment for children with ADHD.

This practice guideline is developed to facilitate integrated, interprofessional assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with "complex ADHD" defined by age ( 12 years), presence of coexisting conditions, moderate to severe functional impairment, diagnostic uncertainty, or inadequate response to treatment.