Top Research Papers on Biofuels

The principal types of biofuels that can be obtained from biorenewable energy sources are analyzed. As these sources, various sorts of biomass, which is accumulated upon photosynthetic conversion of solar energy, are considered. A typical feature of biofuel production is combination of chemical and biotechnological approaches.

Biofuels were humanity’s earliest energy carrier in the form of firewood. Forest biomass energy was the dominant energy form used in the United Kingdom, United States, and other industrialized countries before the Industrial Revolution when coal took over. Traditional biomass energy resources such as firewood and straw still dominate energy consumption today in sub-Saharan Africa, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Cambodia, Guatemala, and Haiti, and it is the largest renewable energy source used worldwide. However, biomass energy sources are not always used sustainably. Since these energy sources are ...

The production of biofuels in Mexico is a fledging project. Lack of planning, the obstacles presented by PEMEX, and the resistance of small farmers have limited their production. Even at this stage, however, some of its effects are increasingly clear: its socio-environmental violence affects the natural resources of peasants and indigenous communities. In addition, Mexico’s trade relationship with the United States, characterized by strong dependency, has affected its food sovereignty in that corn imports have become more expensive because of the increase in U.S. production of corn-derived eth...

Professor of Bacteriology, and has been a faculty member at the University of Wisconsin-Madison for more than 20 years. During this time, his research program has focused on solar energy utilization by photosynthetic bacteria, studying the process and control of photosynthesis and how cells divert the energy captured from sunlight into different pathways. He has been a member of various federal research panels, has served on several editorial boards and advisory committees in microbiology, and helped author reports for the Department of Energy on solar energy generation and the conversion of p...

Increasing concern about climate change and oil supplies are inspiring new interest in alternative means of transport, including fuels. Many alternatives are in contention, and no clear-cut winner has yet emerged. Some are capable of substantially reducing oil use and greenhouse gases, but are not ready for prime time. Others are economically and technically ready to go, but provide little energy and environmental value. While the future is uncertain, what we can say with confidence is that it is almost definitely going to include a mix of biofuels, electricity, and hydrogen. The problem is th...

Ethanol as the Leading "First-Generation" Biofuel Introduction Historical Development of Ethanol as a Fuel from Neolithic Times to the Twentieth Century Oil Supply and Oil Price in the Twentieth Century: Necessity and Alternative Fuel Programs Case Study 1: Brazil and Sugarcane Ethanol Case Study 2: Starch-Based Ethanol in the United States Thermodynamic and Environmental Aspects of Ethanol as a Biofuel Summary References Cellulosic Ethanol as a "Second-Generation" Biofuel Introduction Bioethanol and Cellulosic Ethanol: The Rise of Biomass-Based Biofuels Structural and Industrial Chemistry of ...

Conventional Fuel Sources Unconventional Fuels Sources Fuels from Biomass - Overview Biorefinery Biofuels Production of Fuels From Crops Properties of FuELs from Crops Production offuels from Wood Sources Properties ofFuels from wood Sources Production of fuels from Domestic and Industrial Waste.

Biofuels for transportation is an essential factor of significant measures to increase fuel security, combat climate change, and promote rural development. The rising amount of greenhouse pollution brought on by the use of fossil fuels is now widely recognized. The energy crisis results from the growing disparity between the energy needs of the industrialized world and the finite amount of energy from fossil fuels. Among energy consumers, the transportation sector is frequently cited as one of the primary pollutant sources. For instance, the second-most polluting industry in the USA in 2014 wa...

Biofuels offer a responsible solution to potential crises in the near future. Biofuels are renewable and provide a means to become independent from fossil fuels. Oil exploration is becoming more costly as more remote locations must be explored to find oil. The purpose of this chapter is to educate practicing engineers and students about biofuels for transportation. Biofuels are made from renewable materials such as plants and organic waste. Conventional transportation fuels such as gasoline or diesel are made from petroleum. Although biofuels are alternative fuels, not all alternative fuels ar...

This paper presents the database designed and developed within the project "Biofuels–source of common sustainable development in the cross–border cooperation area." BIOFUELS database was designed to store a large amount of information related to the results obtained in this project (studies on technologies of obtaining the vegetal material and the biofuels; demonstrations of these technologies, network of research institutes, universities, manufacturers and plant material processors, and other entities involved in the field, training, conferences, seminars, workshops) and enable the developmen...

The viability of biofuels as a partial solution to the world's energy and environmental problems is the subject of intense global debate, centring around their ability to be price-competitive and to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions.

This paper highlights the importance trade policy has for the development of the biofuel industry, particularly in developing countries, together with energy and agricultural policy measures. It describes differences between the actions that developed and developing countries might take, considering their negotiating power and their capacity to use international rules currently in force, and to influence trade negotiations. It also shows the extent to which a small country can profit from WTO rules and Doha Round negotiations so as to limit developed countries’ discretion and enhance their opp...

Biofuels could provide up to 27% of total transport fuel worldwide by 2050. The use of transport fuels from biomass, when produced sustainably, can help cut petroleum use and reduce CO2 emissions in the transport sector, especially in heavy transport. Sustainable biofuel technologies, in particular advanced biofuels, will play an important role in achieving this roadmap vision. The roadmap describes the steps necessary to realise this ambitious biofuels target; identifies key actions by different stakeholders, and the role for government policy to adopt measures needed to ensure the sustainabl...

1. A method for treating biofuel comprising! (A) contacting the fluid comprising called biofuel with an adsorbent and! (B) regeneration of said adsorbent, wherein said adsorbent comprises at least two different metal oxides. ! 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said biofuel comprises esters, alcohols or mixtures thereof. ! 3. The method of claim 1, where said metal oxides comprise silica, alumina, aluminosilicate or mixtures thereof. ! 4. Product obtained by the process of claim 1. ! 5. A device using the method according to claim 1. ! 6. A method of treating biofuel comprising! (A) contacting ...

Description To get the carbon out of air travel, industry and government are trying, again, to turn farm and food waste into fuel To get the carbon out of air travel, industry and government are trying, again, to turn farm and food waste into fuel

What is Biomass Biomass Recalcitrance and the Contributing Cell Wall Factors Reduction of Biomass Recalcitrance via Water/Acid Pretreatments Reduction of Biomass Recalcitrance via Organosolv Pretreatment Reduction of Biomass Recalcitrance via Ionic Liquid Pretreatments Enzymatic Deconstruction of Lignocellulose to Fermentable Sugars Fermentation to Bioethanol/Biobutanol Pyrolysis of Biomass to Bio-Oils Upgrade of Bio-Oil to Biofuel and Biochemical Incorporation of Biofuels Technology into a Pulp Mill Corrosion Issues in Biofuels.

A biofuel manufacturing device is provided to increase the recovery rate of methylester by producing biofuel from the waste oil containing free fatty acid, by esterification and to cut down the purifying cost by reducing by-products. In a biofuel manufacturing device, a stirring tank is composed of a propeller-type stirrer installed at the lower part; a see-through window installed in the middle; and an antenna unit attached at the inside. Esterification is executed by heating the mixed liquid by microwaves emitted from the antenna unit. An IR(Infrared Ray) spectroscope is installed at the see...

US President Barack Obama is keen to tackle the related problems of America’s massive oil consumption and global climate change, but it was his predecessor, President George W. Bush, who called on the USA to tackle its addiction problem.

Biofuels are increasingly regarded as energy sources with the potential to solve diverse problems related to serious concerns, including climate change, environmental degradation, energy supply, and energy security. Here we examine biofuels, primarily biofuels used for transportation (e.g., ethanol and biodiesel), through the lens of modern resource economics and address fundamental questions, such as: Why biofuels? We then review some of the relevant literature and present a framework for analysis drawn mainly from the green accounting literature. The literature reviewed indicates that the ef...

There are good biofuels and bad biofuels. The good ones offer the prospect of transport fuels that have much lower environmental impact than fossil fuels and could before long be less expensive as well. Bad or irresponsibly produced biofuels may at best bring little environmental advantage; at worst they may also cause serious environmental damage, habitat destruction and food shortages. The biofuel industry of the future will make a significant contribution to the greening of the world’s vehicle transport systems by producing biofuels that are derived either from plants grown on marginal land...