Top Research Papers on Brain

James Zull invites teachers in higher education or any other setting to accompany him in his exploration of what scientists can tell us about the brain and to discover how this knowledge can influence the practice of teaching. He describes the brain in clear non-technical language and an engaging conversational tone, highlighting its functions and parts and how they interact, and always relating them to the real world of the classroom and his own evolution as a teacher.

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A diffusion based end-to-end brain network generative model Brain Diffuser that directly shapes the structural brain networks from DTI that performs better than the results from existing toolkits on the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database.

Findings indicate that social interaction can improve the neural synchronization between familiar partners with enhanced brain activations and brain-to-brain coupling during motor imagery-based brain–computer interface (BCI) training using eye-contact and hand-touch interaction.

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The regulatory mechanism of neuronal GSH production mediated by EAAC1 may be a new target in therapeutic strategies for these neurodegenerative diseases.

This work reconstructed the whole-brain 3D precise structure of histaminergic projections in the mouse brain from the whole population and individual neuron perspectives, in which it quantitatively analyzed the distribution characteristics of Histaminergic somata and fibers.

This study reviewed the advanced models, tasks, challenges, and prospects of brain imaging and brain network computing techniques and intends to provide a comprehensive picture of current generative AI techniques in brain imaging, focused on novel methodological approaches and applications of related new methods.

The present research work exposes an automatic classification model to detect brain tumors in brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) and can classify brain tumor MRI images with 91% accuracy.

It is now established that immune cells operate as guardians of the central nervous system (CNS), support brain function and repair, and reside in specialized immunological niches at its borders, including the meninges, the choroid plexus, and the perivascular spaces.

The synaptic-resolution connectome of an insect brain with rich behavior, including learning, value-computation, and action-selection, is mapped, comprising 3,013 neurons and 544,000 synapses, and its connection types, neuron types, and circuit motifs are characterized.

An innovative method for decoding brain activity into meaningful images and captions, with a specific focus on brain captioning due to its enhanced flexibility as compared to brain decoding into images, is presented.

How electrophysiological biomarkers of the recovery of consciousness could inform the design of closed-loop stimulation paradigms to treat disorders of consciousness is discussed.

This study comprehensively review and discusses the applications of Transformers in brain sciences, including brain disease diagnosis, brain age prediction, brain anomaly detection, semantic segmentation, multi‐modal registration, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) modeling, Electroencephalogram (EEG) processing, and multi‐task collaboration.

This paper proposes an approach for computing functional brain-to-brain transformations without any shared data, a feat not previously achieved in functional transformations, and demonstrates the applicability of the method for improving image-to-fMRI encoding of subjects scanned on older low-resolution 3T fMRI datasets, by using a new high-resolution 7T fMRI dataset.

Three principles of brain organization that inform the question of the interactional complexity of the brain: (1) massive combinatorial anatomical connectivity; (2) highly distributed functional coordination; and (3) networks/circuits as functional units.

Glymphatic clearance of potentially harmful metabolic or protein waste products, such as amyloid-β is primarily active during sleep, when its physiological drivers, the cardiac cycle, respiration, and slow vasomotion, together efficiently propel CSF inflow along periarterial spaces.

The findings presented here support the hypothesis that the authors engage in dance for the purpose of intrinsic reward, which as a result of dance-induced increases in neural synchrony, leads to enhanced interpersonal coordination, and suggest that dance may be helpful to repattern oscillatory activity, leading to clinical improvements in autism spectrum disorder and other disorders with oscillatories impairments.

Many molecules have been developed in the last years with a better penetration across BBB, resulting in better progression-free survival and overall survival compared to older molecules, and promising studies concerning neural stem cells, CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptors) strategies and immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors are ongoing.

A more comprehensive understanding of causative influences within the gut-brain-microbiome system and well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to translate these exciting preclinical findings into effective therapies.

Recognizing that the BBB represents a critical determinant of drug efficacy in central nervous system tumours will allow a more rapid translation from basic science to clinical application to develop more effective therapies.

The importance of brain-gut communication in maintaining GI homeostasis highlights it as a viable therapeutic target for TBI, and treatments directed toward dysautonomia, dysbiosis, and/or systemic inflammation offer the most promise.

BrainPy is introduced, a differentiable brain simulator developed using JAX and XLA, with the aim of bridging the gap between brain simulation and BIC and expands upon the functionalities of JAX, a powerful AI framework, by introducing complete capabilities for flexible, efficient, and scalable brain simulation.

A new modular deep learning model was created to retain the existing advantages of known transfer learning methods in the classification process of MR images and eliminate their disadvantages and an improvement in classification performance was obtained.

This review of invasive BCI focuses on two types of techniques, applying electrical stimulation to cortical and deep brain tissues, respectively, and the related ethical issues concerning the clinical application of this emerging technology.

This review aims to point out current knowledge as can be found in literature regarding the connection between intestinal dysbiosis and the onset of particular neurological pathologies such as anxiety and depression, autism spectrum disorder, and multiple sclerosis, and hypothesize that these alterations may be non-neuronal in origin.

Recently published articles with a special focus on platelet-mediated damage of BBB are reviewed, showing platelets play dual roles in BBB integrity and the related mechanisms are reviewed.

A critical window for intestinal microbes to influence developmental programming of long-lasting brain function is proposed, and the ability of the immune system to modulate brain development has been recognized.

A simplified advection–diffusion-based model is proposed which highlights the critical role of surface membranes and indicates that advection contributes to steady-state waste clearance through a surface membrane bottleneck.

SpTR is aimed to maximize the extent of resection and thus the overall survival and is related to a longer overall and progression-free survival along with preserving neuro-cognitive functions and quality of life.

Active functional areas of the brain are discussed, being utilized in non-invasive brain–computer interfacing performed with hemodynamic signals and electrophysiological recording-based signals, and various challenges and limitations in BCI becoming accessible to a novice user are discussed.

This work presents the first neuronal wiring diagram of a whole adult brain, containing 5×107 chemical synapses between ∼130,000 neurons reconstructed from a female Drosophila melanogaster, and shows how to derive a projectome, a map of projections between regions, from the connectome.

These studies show B2BI can offer advances in human communication and collaboration, but more design and experiments are needed to prove potential, as the CBI method varied greatly between studies indicating no agreed upon neurostimulatory method for transmitting information.

Abstract The potential to collect brain data more directly, with higher resolution, and in greater amounts has heightened worries about mental and brain privacy. In order to manage the risks to individuals posed by these privacy challenges, some have suggested codifying new privacy rights, including a right to “mental privacy.” In this paper, we consider these arguments and conclude that while neurotechnologies do raise significant privacy concerns, such concerns are—at least for now—no different from those raised by other well-understood data collection technologies, such as gene sequencing t...

Recognition of the phasic nature of inflammatory cascades on varying states of cerebrovascular disease is likely essential to the development and implementation of an anti-inflammatory strategy in the prevention, treatment, and repair of vascular brain injury.

Recent advances in brain‐mimetic platforms and their potential for modeling features of neurodegenerative diseases in vitro are reviewed and the development of a physiologically relevant model should help overcome unresolved neurodegnerative diseases.

This work designed “PsiNet,” the first wearable brain-to-brain system aimed at augmenting inter-brain synchrony in-the-wild, and presents three practical design tactics for HCI practitioners designing inter-brain synchrony.

This work proposes an Orthonormal Clustering Readout operation based on self-supervised soft clustering and orthonormal projection, and re-standardize the evaluation pipeline on the only one publicly available large-scale brain network dataset of ABIDE, to enable meaningful comparison of different models.

Conventional and emerging BBB modulation strategies and related mechanisms, and safety issues according to BBB structures and functions are described to try to give more promising directions for designing more reasonable preclinical and clinical studies.

TH HIS TITLE may suggest that I have deliberately chosen a small subject, prompted to mercy perhaps by the weighty burden of some of these cogitations on creation and interpretation. Mercy, however, was not my motive. I have three points in mind. First, I want to show how Robert Frost's interpretations share quite exactly the general style of his writing. In other words, I think one salient fact about the relation between creation and interpretation is that they embody the same personal style. Second, based on that commonality of style, I want to propose a picture or metaphor or guiding princi...

The role of molecular GBA in early brain development and related disorders is summarized, providing cues for novel therapeutic targets, and the bidirectional regulation of gut microbiota from mother to infant is discussed.

B-ECM hydrogels can be used as an alternative scaffold for human cerebral organoid formation, and may be further optimized for improved organoid growth by further improving protein retention other than collagen after decellularization.

Enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVS) after traumatic brain injury may indicate ongoing impairments in glymphatic system function in the chronic postinjury period and is associated with reduced verbal memory performance.

The data unequivocally demonstrate that the CR1 transcript and protein are expressed in human microglial lines ex vivo and on microglia and astrocytes in situ in the human brain; the hypothesis that CR1 variants affect AD risk by directly impacting glial functions is supported.

The strategies that have been investigated to evade or alter the cellular and molecular barriers of both the BBB and the BTB are discussed and the methods currently under preclinical or clinical investigation, including molecular, biological, and physical processes to overcome these barriers are detailed.

The results support the perspective that inter-brain synchrony is a mechanism by which mature brains externally regulate immature brains to social living and suggest that one pathway by which sensitivity and intrusiveness exert their long-term effect may relate to the provision of coordinated inputs to the social brain during its sensitive period of maturation.

This work has shown that the prediction of long-term symptoms is now preferentially based on brain disconnections, and will reshape brain maps and challenge current brain models.

It is argued that the evidence for the presence of microbes in diseased brains is quite strong, but a compelling demonstration of resident microbes in the healthy human brain remains to be done.

This chapter briefly reviews aspects of alcohol exposure that have a profound impact on brain development and lead to irremediable changes of fetal alcohol syndrome with a particular focus on recent brain imaging results.

A functional accounting of the power budget of the themammalian brain is proposed, suggesting that communication is vastly more expensive than computation, and exploring the functional consequences for neural circuit organization.