Top Research Papers on Brain

There are now many organizations that are utilizing some form of artificial intelligence or machine learning-powered robotics to help with automation capabilities, and these companies are learning just how many duties these AI-powered machines can handle.

The authors propose that the Lys153 residue in α4β2 brain receptors alters the shape of the aromatic box such that nicotine can get closer and bind strongly to TrpB, thus confirming the presence of a strong cation-π interaction in the former and its absence in the latter.

Reviewed is Trackmaster, ENSCO's new enterprise-level, web-based track data management system that enables railroads to take track data, including construction, curves, grades and crossings, and combine it with the current condition data, such as rail flaw, track geometry, and rail wear measurements.

The first NO synthase (NOS) was isolated from mammalian brain and named neuronal NOS (nNOS, aka: NOS1) owing to its similarity to NOS2.

A change in a single muscle protein may have been a key step in the evolution of modern humans, according to a new theory published in the 25 March issue of Nature.

Comparisons of natural and synthetic vitamin E during pregnancy and lactation in mice for their studies on gene regulation in offspring brain vitamin E represent an important step forward in understanding how the brain acquires vitamin E, how it is trafficked within the brain, or how thebrain compared with other tissues more effectively retainsitamin E during deficiency.

Circa 400 bc, Hippocrates made the first postulate regarding the origin of all human emotion and declared, “Men ought to know that from the brain, and from the brain only, arise our pleasures, joy, laughter and jests, as well as our sorrows, pains, griefs, and tears.”1 How does a barrage of action potentials, cascading down a neuron, accomplish these extraordinary feats? How do we explain love at first saccade? And how does the brain contemplate the vastness of this universe? Such beguiling complexities keep “us” at the study of the neurosciences.

Human hand function: the limitations of brain and brawn at the 2011 Physiological Society meeting held in Oxford was expected to tackle some of the roadblocks within the brain right down to the muscle.

The pigeons were able to generalize what they had learned, so that when they were shown a completely new set of normal and cancerous digitized slides, they correctly identified them, according to Levenson.

It is hypothesized that proximate mechanisms linking physical activity and neurobiology in living species may help to explain changes in brain size and cognitive function during human evolution, and suggests that a significant portion of human neurobiology evolved due to selection acting on features unrelated to cognitive performance.

The 7.2 magnitude earthquake that struck Kobe, Japan, just before dawn on January 17, 1995, should be a seismic wake up call to all urban officials in areas located near modest faults. This high degree of devastation has not been seen before and can be attributed to population density and age of structures. Preliminary damage estimates are reaching $400 billion and the cost in human life is over 5,000 dead and 26,500 injured. This article describes the devastation in terms of earthquake engineering and structural failure. Highway, rail, and Port of Kobe were crippled by the quake. A sidebar ad...

It makes no sense for me to devote much space to a critique of Iain McGilchrist’s mastery of the research literature on which he draws to make his case, so I will turn most of my attention elsewhere: to where his analysis sits in a long-running historical debate on the duality of the brain.

…as in nature, if there are two or more, one will lead…

The most significant mechanism in generation of oscillation properties of the brain are the intrinsic properties of individual neurons, and this concept presents a shift of emphasis from properties of circuits to properties of single neurons.

The most significant mechanism in generation of oscillation properties of the brain are the intrinsic properties of individual neurons, and this concept presents a shift of emphasis from properties of circuits to properties of single neurons.

This chapter explores how a brain–computer interface (BCI) could allow some patients with locked-in syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or in the minimally conscious state to reliably communicate with others.

Some of the most representative studies in the area are discussed in order to explore in which ways they are relevant for an understanding of culture.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License and the use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited.

The novel TBH hypothesis has wide fundamental implications, including those related to TMS, which require rethinking and renewed research engaging the fully complementary equivalence of mutual magnetic and electric field induction in the CNS and, within this context, a new mathematics of the brain to decipher higher cognitive operations not possible with current brain-brain and brain-machine interfaces.

A Brain Computer Interface is a communication system that interprets brain signals formed from dissimilar activity into commands for a system and is essential to understand BCI’s due to the tests regarding ethics obtainable by new expertise.

Flying from Los Angeles to Frankfurt recently to attend a conference in Marburg, I picked up a newspaper to read on the flight. It was the Financial Times, an excellent newspaper even though it spo...

This work has developed a muscle-strengthening card game -- Brains & Brawn -- that exploits and enhances player agency and chooses between engaging gameplay and high quality exercise.

ABSTRACTDespite a growing body of knowledge around how readers interact with texts, our understanding of how the brain processes that information is relatively limited. This multidisciplinary (typography and cognitive neuroscience) study examines how the brain processes typographic information using EEG technology and shows the value of neuroscience methodologies to legibility research. By measuring the brain's response to a range of typographic stimuli, we have shown that it is more difficult for the brain to process single letter information presented in harder to read compared to easier to ...

A braided 3D U-Net architecture is implemented as a combination of such braided blocks with scanner information, MRI sequence parameters, geometrical information, and task-specific prior information used as meta-data for robust MRI tissue segmentation.

Evidence is provided that brain mass (independent of BM) and BMR are correlated, consistent with the hypothesis that large brains evolve when the payoff for increased brain mass is greater than the energetic cost they incur.

Summary This article seeks empirically for some brain effects in the migration flows from East European countries to Germany. Using previously unpublished Eurostat data we find that highly qualified persons tend to immigrate overproportionally into Germany so that the stock of human capital within the sending countries is reduced. With the help of a panel data analysis we then estimate a European production function and find that the share of highly qualified persons in the population has a significant and positive effect on the explanation of income differentials across the EU(12) countries. ...

This manuscript presents two novel generative models trained on real neuroimaging data which synthesize task-dependent functional brain images which are 3D conditional Generative Adversarial networks (GANs) which apply Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to learn an abstraction of brain image representations.

The study of Rathbone et al. proves the importance of the synaptic connections that fill the pink stuff on brain histologic sections and the role of selective neuronal death (pruning) in early cortical maturation in schizophrenia.

Neuroimaging, with its unique metabolic perspective, has alerted us to the ongoing and costly intrinsic activity within brain systems that most likely represents the largest fraction of the brain's functional activity.

Parish pastor “The trouble with you seminary professors is that you don't know what's going on in the parish. Your ivory-tower theology has little to do with the problems I encounter in my work. Six months as an assistant here and you'd teach something different.” Seminary professor in a practical field „The problem with so many of you in the classical fields is that you never make what you teach practical enough. What good is comparing Luther's and Barth's understanding of law and gospel? What we need is a theology that directly addresses the specific issues of ministry. We need a theology of...

Brain Damage, Brain Repair is an excellent and authoritative source book on what, for most people, is the most important question about the nervous system—how to repair the damage inflicted by the ever more violent ways of peace and war and the depredations of age.

This work refers to networks that lack stable connections and static elements as ‘liquid’ brains, a category that includes ant and termite colonies, immune systems and some microbiomes and slime moulds.

A new approach to earlier diagnosis based on a multimodal and multiscale brain concept, built upon existing and well-characterized single modalities is described.

Studying neurons and their connections in the central complex of the fruit fly reveals new insights into how their structure and function shape perception and behavior.

It is ironic that having identified the preanalytic phase of testing as the source of most laboratory errors and having introduced effective interventions to significantly reduce these errors, laboratory testing is increasingly being shifted towards intervention-based approaches.

This accessible book provides an enjoyable overview of several general principles of brain evolution, culminating in discussions of mammalian and human brains and a framework for future research.

People have search hundreds of times for their chosen readings like this the encyclopedia of the brain and brain disorders, but end up in harmful downloads, instead they juggled with some infectious bugs inside their laptop.

Looking back over NIMH related events these past few months, one might wonder if this has been Autism Spring: a White House meeting, unprecedented press coverage, and a series of highprofile papers published over the past two months that have implications for mental disorders like schizophrenia and mood disorders.

Thoroughly revised and expanded, this accessible single-volume reference features a foreword by an expert in neuropsychology and will serve lay readers and medical professionals alike. More than 600 clear, concise entries explore such topics as the anatomy of the brain; the role of the brain in the central nervous system; how thoughts, feelings, and memories develop; the effects of brain injuries; and the impact of major brain diseases. The glossary, bibliography, and appendixes have also been thoroughly revised.

The importance of human capital accumulation in long-run economic growth, emphasized by modern endogenous growth theory, qualifies brain drain - skilled migration from developing to developed countries - as a constraint on the rise of economies lagging behind. This phenomenon, noticed as early as the 1960s and growing in importance with globalization, hits even harder in case of an ethnic minority, where not only economic growth, but the simple survival of the minority is at stake. Recent studies offer, on the other hand, a new perspective on brain drain, raising the possibility of an indirect...

When brain death is established, suitability for organ transplantation should be evaluated and potential organ donation should be optimized for possible donation.

Gender scholarship can hasten scientific progress by revealing the implicit assumptions that can give rise to inadvertent neurosexism in studies of sex effects in the brain.

The authors invited future studies to confirm the possible link of POCD to irreversible brain damage and neuronal loss and to analyse the effects of anaesthetic agents on central neurotransmission. They reported no major contribution of hypotension and hypoxemia to POCD, without underestimating individual variation. The frailest patients were excluded based on mini mental status examination (MMSE) score. The study emphasised the importance of pre‐operative cognitive testing to differentiate a POCD from a pre‐existing cognitive impairment.[2,3]

Selective ablation of progesterone receptor-positive neurons in the VMHvl results in a marked reduction in female sexual receptivity and male aggression, demonstrating that these sexually dimorphic neurons contribute to gendered behavior in mammals.

MicroWorlds is a derivative of Logo, and also belongs to a family of computer tools known as multi-media applications. Such applications have a visual richness that is highly attractive to children with a visual learning preference. Through brain hemisphere theory some would characterise these children as having a dominant right brain hemisphere, or at least as strongly preferring to use the right hemisphere in most learning situations. Certainly, many children with strongly visual expressive and learning characteristics seem to also have language deficits, suggsting that the left hemisphere i...

Introduction to brain function Overall structure of the brain at the neuroanatomical level Electrical signalling in neurones Chemical signalling at the synapse - synaptic transmission

Young Japanese are increasingly reluctant to leave their native country for work or study, which may impact Japan's interactions with the wider scientific community.

Lawyers are a shallow, unreflective lot. By and large they plead, contract and imprison without worrying about why they do things the way they do. When they are crossexamined by philosophers they usually hint pompously that they are too busy and too important to have the luxury of navelgazing. If they deign to debate at all, they plunder other disciplines for a theoretical justification for their activities. Theology and philosophy have helped out; so, more recently, have economics and sociology. Now it is biology’s turn. Because biology’s conclusions are so much more verifiable than those of ...

International migration has been a subject matter which has been extensively discussed in the literature. The debate had started with the negative impacts highlighted in terms of brain drain. In recent years, however, both positive and negative effects of migration are being discussed both from the point of view of the origin countries supplying labour and labour-importing host countries. This paper provides an assessment of brain drain as also brain gain from the point of view of the European economies.

A promising new procedure developed by researchers from the New York University Medical Center, the Massachussets Institute of Technology, and the University of Tokyo to perform brain surgery via nanotechnology is described.