Top Research Papers on Depression

Up-to-date guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of major depressive disorder, including practical considerations for delivering optimal and efficient care for these patients is offered.

It is suggested that regulation of microglial actions might be a novel therapeutic strategy to counteract the adverse effects of devastating mental disorders.

Depression in adolescents is increasing at a greater rate than in adults. Change in appetite, loss of energy, and insomnia may be more apparent than mood changes. Pharmacologic treatment and psychotherapy are effective, but stigma and adverse effects of medication impede treatment.

There have been a variety of treatment studies using antidepressants, nonpharmacologic interactions, and most recently, allopregnanolone (Brexanolone) infusion that have shown benefits.

This paper conducts semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 14 active Twitter users, half of whom were depressed and the other half non-depressed, to explore attitudes and behaviors toward online social media based on whether one is depressed or not.

Maternal perinatal depression was associated with the risk of depression in adolescence and adulthood among offspring; future studies aimed at exploring the neurobiological mechanism of risk transmission and postinterventional risk reduction could improve the management of depressive disorders.

It is illustrated that such biological dysregulations map more consistently to atypical behavioral symptoms reflecting altered energy intake/expenditure balance and may moderate the antidepressant effects of standard or novel therapeutic approaches.

Depression is the most common mental health disorder. It has consequences not only on individuals but also on social and political levels. We argue that depressive symptoms impair political participation by reducing the motivation and physical energy of sufferers. We test our hypotheses by conducting regression analyses of four nationally representative cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys that collectively span many democracies. Our results are threefold. First, we find that the severest depressive symptoms lower the probability of voting by 0.05–0.25 points, an effect that is exceeded on...

Effective first-line depression treatments include specific forms of psychotherapy and more than 20 antidepressant medications, which have approximately equal likelihood of success based on a network meta-analysis.

Alterations in growth factors, with a significant decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and an increase in fibroblast growth factors and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations have also been found in MDD.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a leading cause of worldwide disability among mood disorders. Pathological mechanisms are still vastly unclear, and current treatments with conventional medications are often unsatisfactory in maintaining symptoms control and an adequate quality of life. Consequently, current research is focusing on shedding new light on disease pathogenesis, to improve therapeutic effectiveness. Recent evidence has suggested a prominent role of inflammation in mood disorders. Elevated levels of peripheral proinflammatory mediators have been reported in BD, as well as in other mood dis...

This Primer summarizes the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of major depressive disorder, and reviews how this disorder affects patient quality of life, and provides an overview of future research.

This commentary discerns the characteristics of demoralization versus depression, and suggests solutions for both, together with a cautionary word on the use chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19.

Depression is highly heterogeneous; therefore, a stepwise treatment approach is recommended, starting with brief psychosocial interventions, then a specific psychological therapy, and then an antidepressant medication.

It is argued that dissecting depressive phenotypes into biologically more tractable dimensions – negative processing biases, anhedonia, despair-like behavior (learned helplessness) – affords unique opportunities for integrating clinical findings with mechanistic evidence emerging from preclinical models relevant to depression, and thereby promises to improve the understanding of MDD.

A description of the scope of the problem is described, including a summary of knowledge of how mothers' depression is associated with outcomes in children and of moderators of those associations, and suggestions for next steps in research and practice are suggested.

It is clear from the present study that unemployment can lead to a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms and major depressive disorder, thereby undermining the mental health of the unemployed.

About one in five children and adolescents globally suffered from depression or had depressive symptoms, and this proportion was increasing over time.

The findings show that depression symptoms are not more central than anxiety symptoms within an estimated network structure of symptoms in patients with MDD, and the inter-connection between irritability and nervousness may suggests a probable trans-diagnostic association in MDD symptomatology.

TRD is associated with disproportionate health care costs and unemployment, suggesting potentially large economic and societal gains with effective management.

The evidence for and against diagnostic distinction for PPD is reviewed with respect to epidemiology, etiology, and treatment and it is suggested that PPD may be distinct, whereas depression occurring in the later postpartum period may be more similar to major depressive disorder occurring outside of the perinatal period.

The promise of using data-driven strategies to discover novel subtypes of depression based on functional neuroimaging measures is discussed and promising future directions for defining neurobiologically informed depression subtypes are identified for predicting treatment outcomes and informing clinical decision making.

In addition to improving depression, Behavioral activation shows efficacy for reducing symptoms of anxiety and increasing activation, and may not offer better outcomes relative to other active interventions.

Depression could be a spectrum disorder, with subthreshold depression being a significant precursor to and a risk factor for major depression, and proactive management of subth threshold depression could be effective for managing the increasing prevalence of major depression.

Evidence is presented that by treating the inflammatory changes, depression can be reversed in many cases and there is evidence that anti-inflammatory and antidepressant treatments may reduce or prevent dementia in people with depression.

The biomarkers identified by this work indicate the etiopathogenesis of post-COVID depression analogous to the leading inflammatory hypothesis of MDD.

Exercise has been proven to reshape the brain structure of depression patients, activate the function of related brain areas, promote behavioral adaptation changes, and maintain the integrity of hippocampal and white matter volume, thus improving the brain neuroprocessing and delaying cognitive degradation in depression patients.

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the effect size for the association between hypothyroidism and clinical depression was considerably lower than previously assumed, and the modest association was possibly restricted to overt hypothyroism and female individuals.

Zuranolone demonstrated significant improvements in depressive symptoms and was generally well tolerated, supporting the potential of zuranol one as a novel, rapid-acting oral treatment for PPD.

Depression has a significant negative impact on development of cardiovascular disease and on cardiovascular disease outcomes and further efforts to understand and mitigate these impacts are prudent.

The key role of Nrf2 in depression is reviewed, focusing on the possible mechanisms of NRF2 regulating oxidative stress and related pathological processes in depression treatment, and some natural and synthetic compounds targeting Nrf1 in depression therapy are summarized.

Emerging tools to objectively quantify sleep and its disturbances in the home environment offer great potential to advance clinical care and research, but nascent technologies require further advances and validation prior to widespread application at the interface of sleep and depression.

Books indicate that pain and depression impact each other and play a prominent role in the development and maintenance of other chronic symptoms, and Antidepressants continue to be a major therapeutic tool for managing chronic pain.

The role of microglia in the etiology of depression is focused on; possible mechanisms of howmicroglia sense depression-related stress and modulate depression state; and how antidepressive therapies affect microglial abnormalities are discussed.

An overview of the role of major stress response system, the HPA axis, and its dysregulation in depression, possible involvement of neurotrophins, especially brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell line- derived neurotrophicfactor and insulin-like growth factor-1 are provided.

Targeting changes in reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory signaling with suitable antioxidants could be an effective strategy to treat major depressive disorder.

A broad picture is presented of the current understanding of the Epidemiology, genetic epidemiology, molecular genetics, and gene-environment interplay in MDD to hold great promise for improving clinical care.

Adolescent depression is introduced alongside its developmental and gendered considerations with a focus on important risk factors of adolescent depression, including nonsuicidal self-injury, adverse childhood experiences, and substance abuse.

The epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of comorbid depression in patients with medical diseases, including major depressive disorder, are discussed.

Recent findings that shed light on how oligodendrocyte lineage cells might participate in the pathogenesis of depression are summarized and new approaches for targeting these cells as a novel strategy to treat depression are discussed.