Top Research Papers on Electric Vehicles

Previous studies on factors affecting electric vehicle (EV) adoption mainly rely on individual stated preference surveys or aggregate market share analyses. This paper applies both approaches to study EV adoption patterns in the state of Virginia to compare and contrast findings from the two methods. An individual-level vehicle fuel type choice model is developed based on a 2018 stated preference survey of 837 Virginia drivers. A county-level EV ownership model is developed using Department of Motor Vehicles' 2012–2016 vehicle registration data. Results show several consistent findings: 1) bei...

Within climate–energy–transport scholarship and professions there is a growing consensus that electric vehicles (EVs), which include personal cars, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), vans, and pickup trucks, are essential for decarbonizing mobility. This article urges caution and pause before an EV lock-in and calls on geographers and other scholars, professionals, and sustainability advocates to consider the multiscale environmental and social problems associated with EVs. The article begins by reviewing the mainstream assumptions about mass EV uptake, with particular emphasis on projections fore...

Low carbon and renewable energy sources (RESs) are fast becoming a key sustainable instrument in meeting the global growth of electricity demand while curbing carbon emissions. For example, the gradual displacement of fossil-fuelled vehicles with electrically driven counterparts will inevitably increase both the power grid baseload and peak demand. In many developed countries, the electrification process of the transport sector has already started in tandem with the installation of multi-GW renewable energy capacity, particularly wind and solar, huge investment in power storage technology, and...

This study explores the environmental and economic implications of Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles, Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs), and Electric Vehicles (EVs). A case study in Indonesia is selected, focusing to achieve net zero emissions by 2050 and improve air quality. The research compares key factors such as emission costs, fueling time costs, maintenance costs, and vehicle selection for a comprehensive understanding of each vehicle type's viability in the automotive landscape. The analysis reveals that EVs exhibit the lowest CO and CO2 ...

Different management strategies to minimize the impacts of integration of EVs into grid system are reviewed and it is found that centralized coordination can be more effective in solving EVs integration issues.

Deploying electric vehicle (EV) public charging stations could alleviate range anxiety of EV drivers, ensuring EVs to provide similar performances as internal combustion engine vehicles by maintaining their existing activities. This study develops a location model for EV public charging stations aiming to maximumly maintain the existing activities of EV drivers. First, a deterministic process of EV charging choice is proposed to simulate EV drivers’ charging choice behavior. This process involves EV drivers’ existing activities, home and public charging availability, range anxiety, and the ene...

To combat global climate change moving towards sustainable, mobility is one of the most holistic approaches. Hence, decarbonization of the transport sector by employing electric vehicles (EVs) is currently an environmentally benign and efficient solution. The EV includes the hybrid EV (HEV), the plug-in hybrid EV (PHEV), and the battery EV (BEV). A storage system, a charging station, and power electronics are the essential components of EVs. The EV charging station is primarily powered from the grid which can be replaced by a solar photovoltaic system. Wide uptake of EVs is possible by improvi...

Electric vehicles are perceived as a key alternate to internal combustion engine vehicles for a transition to a decarbonized society. However, this transition towards the electrification of transport has not made equal progress globally, and faced several impediments to consumer adoption of EVs across the Nordic region and beyond. While there has been a multitude of reasons provided in the literature, we aim to characterize the barriers that remain to electrification today, as well as their perceived interconnections and futures. To provide insight into this query, the authors conducted 227 se...

Abstract In modern electric equipment, especially electric vehicles, inverter control systems can lead to complex shaft voltages and bearing currents. Within an electric motor, many parts have electrical failure problems, and among which bearings are the most sensitive and vulnerable components. In recent years, electrical failures in bearing have been frequently reported in electric vehicles, and the electrical failure of bearings has become a key issue that restricts the lifetime of all-electric motor-based power systems in a broader sense. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehe...

The adoption of electric vehicles as a potential solution to the increasing energy crisis and environmental concerns has been on the rise. The development of smart grid concepts has further amplified the role of electric vehicles through the incorporation of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology. V2X is a comprehensive term that encompasses the use of electric vehicle batteries to derive additional value during non-use times. Bi-directional charging is employed to generate revenue from the battery asset to provide benefits to the electric grid, reduce energy consumption of buildings and homes...

The paper presents an evaluation of different modelling components of grid-connected EV-PV system to facilitate readers in modelling such system for researching EV-pV integration in the distribution network.

Greenhouse gas emissions from the freight transportation sector are a significant contributor to climate change, pollution, and negative health impacts because of the common use of heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDVs). Governments around the world are working to transition away from diesel HDVs and to electric HDVs, to reduce emissions. Battery electric HDVs and hydrogen fuel cell HDVs are two available alternatives to diesel engines. Each diesel engine HDV, battery-electric HDV, and hydrogen fuel cell HDV powertrain has its own advantages and disadvantages. This work provides a comprehensive rev...

Electrification of vehicles has been recognised as a key part of meeting global climate change targets and a key aspect of sustainable transport. Here, an integrative and bird's-eye view of scholarly research on Electric Vehicles (EV) is provided with a focus on an objective and quantitative determination of research trends. The analyses suggest that areas of EV research linked to (i) charging infrastructure, (ii) EV adoption, (iii) thermal management systems and (iv) routing problem have been the distinct trending topics in recent years. While hybrid EV proves to have been a dominant keyword,...

Batteries are the key component in making electric vehicles more environment-friendly, cost-effective and drives the EVs into use in day to day life and plays a major role in the roll-out of electric vehicles in the future.

Current research is analyzes current research and suggests challenges and scope of future research in EV/HEV and can serve as a reference for those working in this field.

Electric spring (ES) as a breakthrough in power electronics has led to a revolution in demand-side management. This paper presents flexible power management (FPM) of a networked microgrid (MG) in the presence of renewable energy sources (RESs) and flexibility sources (FSs). The FSs include the novel topology of the integrated unit of ES with electric vehicles (EVs) parking (IUEE) and incentive-based demand response program (DRP). The proposed FPM model is formulated as an optimization problem that minimizes the difference between the expected energy cost and the expected profit of FSs' flexibi...

The comparison of the simulation result and test results shows the constructed EV driving cycle is in line with reality, and estimating the EV’s energy consumption per kilometer, driving range, and equivalent emissions under official driving cycles results in large relative errors.

Driven by the global campaign against climate change, the market of electric vehicles has boomed across the world in recent years. Since Lithium-Ion batteries are commonly used to power electric vehicles, a huge amount of batteries will soon reach their end-of-life; how to recycle them to reduce environmental pollution and promoting the sustainable development of the electric vehicle market has become an urgent challenge today. Implementation of the secondary reuse of used electric vehicle batteries is a valuable recycling strategy. However, there is a lack of research investigating electric v...

With every passing second, we witness the effect of the global environmental impact of fossil fuels and carbon emissions, to which nations across the globe respond by coming up with ambitious goals to become carbon-free and energy-efficient. At the same time, electric vehicles (EVs) are developed as a possible solution to reach this ambitious goal of making a cleaner environment and facilitating smarter transportation modes. This excellent idea of shifting towards an entirely EV-based mobility industry and economy results in a range of issues that need to be addressed. The issues range from ra...

The lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles have a shorter lifespan than other vehicle components, and the degradation mechanism inside these batteries reduces their life even more. Battery degradation is considered a significant issue in battery research and can increase the vehicle’s reliability and economic concerns. This study highlights the degradation mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries. The aging mechanism inside a battery cannot be eliminated but can be minimized depending on the vehicle’s operating conditions. Different operating conditions affect the aging mecha...

This work proposes a new consensus mechanism that leverages the benefits of Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) and Proof of Reputation (PoR) called PBFT-based PoR (PPoR), which runs in a clustered vehicular network, where validator selection, block generation, and consensus processes are performed in each cluster.

The emissions reductions from the adoption of a new transportation technology depend on the emissions from the new technology relative to those from the displaced technology. We evaluate the emissions reductions from electric vehicles (EVs) by identifying which vehicles would have been purchased had EVs not been available. We do so by estimating a random coefficients discrete choice model of new vehicle demand and simulating counterfactual sales with EVs no longer subsidized or removed from the new vehicle market. Our results suggest that vehicles that EVs replace are relatively fuel-efficient...

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are gaining momentum due to several factors, including the price reduction as well as the climate and environmental awareness. This paper reviews the advances of EVs regarding battery technology trends, charging methods, as well as new research challenges and open opportunities. More specifically, an analysis of the worldwide market situation of EVs and their future prospects is carried out. Given that one of the fundamental aspects in EVs is the battery, the paper presents a thorough review of the battery technologies—from the Lead-acid batteries to the Lithium-ion. Mo...

Electric vehicles require fast, economical and reliable charging systems for efficient performance. Wireless charging systems remove the hassle to plug in the device to be charged when compared with the conventional wired charging systems. Moreover, wireless charging is considered to be environment and user friendly as the wires and mechanical connectors and related infrastructure are not required. This paper reviews the methods and techniques used for wireless charging in electric vehicles. First, the general techniques for wireless power transfer are described and explained. Capacitive power...

Introduction to Alternative Vehicles Electric Vehicles Hybrid Electric Vehicles Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Components Vehicle Mass and Performance Electric Motor and Engine Ratings Electric and Hybrid Vehicle History Well-to-Wheel Analysis EV/ICEV Comparison Electric Vehicle Market Vehicle Mechanics Roadway Fundamentals Laws of Motion Vehicle Kinetics Dynamics of Vehicle Motion Propulsion Power Velocity and Acceleration Tire-Road Force Mechanics Propulsion System Design Alternative Vehicle Architectures Electric Vehicles Hybrid Electric Vehicles Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain Comp...

Jie Deng is a research engineer in the Department of Electrification Subsystems and Power Supply at Ford Motor Company. He has extensive experience in computer-aided engineering analysis (structural, fluid, and thermal), battery simulations, and material characterization. He got his PhD in Mechanical Engineering from Florida State University and has published over 30 papers. His current research mainly focuses on battery array design and multi-physics modeling and testing of battery behaviors under various abuse conditions.Chulheung Bae is a high-voltage battery systems group supervisor at For...

Due to the gasoline crisis, electric vehicles are growing in popularity. The usage of electric and battery-powered automobiles is being encouraged worldwide. This campaign also heavily relies on the usage of renewable energy sources to provide electricity. In order to build electric vehicles, engineers use static and dynamic equations. Around the world, competitions are being held to design high-performance electric vehicles. The automotive industry and businesses are transitioning a portion of their fleet from gasoline-powered vehicles to batteryoperated electric vehicles. Most vehicles today...

It is concluded that only five types of cathodes are used and that most of the EV companies use Nickel Manganese Cobalt oxide (NMC), and that Most of the Li-ion batteries anodes are graphite-based.

Hybrid electric vehicle needs dedicated energy storage system suitable for its special operating conditions. The nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium-ion batteries dominate this market, but they also have some drawbacks. The electric double layer supercapacitors have been employed in passenger vehicles, but the drawbacks of those supercapacitors prevent them from the application of energy storage system for hybrid electric vehicles. A technical route of hybrid supercapacitor-based energy storage systems for hybrid electric vehicles is proposed, this kind of hybrid supercapacitor battery ...

It is concluded that taking into account, the special characteristics of electric vehicles are so important in their mobility.

The increasing electric vehicle (EV) adoption in the context of transportation electrification and carbon neutrality pursuit brings both new challenges and opportunities for all the stakeholders in EV-grid integration. To fully unleash the potentials of EVs as flexible distributed energy storage to facilitate efficient EV-grid interactions, it is imperative to predict spatio-temporal distributions of EV charging demand, optimize charging infrastructure layout and implement smart charging scheduling schemes. Appropriate EV behavior modeling plays a fundamental role to realize these targets. Thi...

With ever-increasing concern of fossil fuel storage and environmental pollution, transportation electrification has recently attracted extensive attention. In conventional propulsion systems, the engine is connected to the wheel through a clutch, reduction gearbox, and mechanical differential. The mechanical transmission inevitably results in power loss, noise, vibration, and additional maintenance. With elimination of the gearbox and transmission component, the direct-drive technique exhibits significant advantages of higher systematic efficiency, more flexible wheel control, and better passe...

A vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) electricity trading scheme based on Bayesian game pricing in blockchain-enabled Internet of vehicles (BIoV), which has great advantages over the static game with complete information in terms of communication overhead and timeliness in the decentralized IoVs.

This paper presents an up-to-date review of design trends for electric traction motors of electric vehicles, mainly battery electric vehicles and full hybrid electric vehicles. The focus is on permanent magnet traction motors of the major car brands and includes vehicles from the last decade (from 2010 until today), including Jaguar, Tesla, Toyota, BMW, Nissan, General Motors and Audi. The main topic of this study is the electromagnetic motor design, but also mechanical features of the motor as well as trends in magnetic materials are discussed. Furthermore, key performance numbers are evaluat...

The applications of linear optimization theory including Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions, the big M method, and a linear expression of power loss to transform the nonlinear planning problem into a mixed-integer quadratically constrained programming (MIQCP) formulation, which is solved by commercial solvers.

This critical review will clarify the development trends of electric machines and their controls and reveal new design ideas, topologies, structures, methodologies, control strategies, pros and cons, and foresight for advanced electric machines.

The electric drive technology trends for passenger electric and hybrid EVs with commercially available solutions in terms of materials, electric machine and inverter designs, maximum speed, component cooling, power density, and performance are discussed.

Results show that the user's demographic and social attributes have a considerable effect on the magnitude and peak time of the EV charging load profile, particularly for workdays and workplace, and the proposed probabilistic models can improve the accuracy of the data fitting and the charging load simulation.

A holistic framework to enhance the operation of coordinated electric power distribution network (PDN) and urban transportation network (UTN) via EV charging services is proposed and a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based solution framework is developed to decouple and approximately solve the stochastic bi-level problem.

Subsidies for promoting plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) adoption are a key component of China's overall plan for reducing local air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from the light-duty vehicle sector. In this paper, we explore the impact and cost-effectiveness of the Chinese PEV subsidy program. In particular, a vehicle choice model is estimated using a large random sample of individual level, model year 2017 Chinese new vehicle purchases. The choice model is then used to predict PEV market share under alternative policies. Simulation results suggest that the 2.5% PEV market share of Chin...