Top Research Papers on Low Power VLSI Design

An extensive review of research related to the main power system operational challenges with respect to the massive deployment of PV sources and various control approaches and applications of battery energy storage system (BESS) to improve the inertial response of a low-inertia power system is presented.

Abstract Graphs have provided an expressive mathematical tool to model quantum-mechanical devices and systems. In particular, it has been recently discovered that graph theory can be used to describe and design quantum components, devices, setups and systems, based on the two-dimensional lattice of parametric nonlinear optical crystals and linear optical circuits, different to the standard quantum photonic framework. Realizing such graph-theoretical quantum photonic hardware, however, remains extremely challenging experimentally using conventional technologies. Here we demonstrate a graph-theo...

A genome-wide association study of plasma protein levels measured with 4,907 aptamers in 35,559 Icelanders highlights links with over 370 disease endpoints and other traits.

A scenario for 2030 for the Moroccan electricity system is studied and the challenges that need to be addressed are identified in order to accelerate the integration of renewable energies in the Moroccan energy mix and to achieve a possible export of such green energy towards Europe.

Grid integration of renewable energy (REN) requires efficient and reliable power conversion stages, particularly with an increasing demand for high controllability and flexibility seen from the grid side. Underpinned by advanced control and information technologies, power electronics converters play an essential role in large-scale REN generation. However, the use of power converters has also exposed several challenges in conventional power grids, e.g., reducing the system inertia. In this article, grid integration using power electronics is presented for large-scale REN generation. Technical ...

This work designs a data engine to collect and automatically annotate large-scale unlabeled data and develops an auxiliary supervision to enforce the model to inherit rich semantic priors from pre-trained encoders, which results in a better depth-conditioned ControlNet.

Power-to-gas (PtG) is widely expected to play a valuable role in future renewable energy systems. In addition to partly allowing a further utilization of the existing gas infrastructure for energy transport and storage, hydrogen or synthetic natural gas (SNG) from electric power represents a high-density energy carrier and important feedstock material for further processing. This premise leads to a significant demand for large-scale PtG plants, which was evaluated with an amount of up to 4530 GWel for electrolysis and up to 1360 GWSNG for methanation capacities at a global scale. Together with...

Intrinsically stretchable electronics with skin-like mechanical properties have been identified as a promising platform for emerging applications ranging from continuous physiological monitoring to real-time analysis of health conditions, to closed-loop delivery of autonomous medical treatment 1-7 . However, current technologies could only reach electrical performance at amorphous-silicon level (that is, charge-carrier mobility of about 1 cm 2 V -1 s -1 ), low integration scale (for example, 54 transistors per circuit) and limited functionalities 8-11 . Here we report high-density, intrinsical...

The ability to assemble large numbers of nearly indistinguishable and tunable artificial atoms into phase-stable PICs marks a key step towards multiplexed quantum repeaters 7 and general-purpose quantum processors.

Abstract Monolayer molybdenum disulfide (ML-MoS 2 ) is an emergent two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor holding potential for flexible integrated circuits (ICs). The most important demands for the application of such ML-MoS 2 ICs are low power consumption and high performance. However, these are currently challenging to satisfy due to limitations in the material quality and device fabrication technology. In this work, we develop an ultra-thin high-κ dielectric/metal gate fabrication technique for the realization of thin film transistors based on high-quality wafer scale ML-MoS 2 on both rigid an...

The vigorous expansion of renewable energy as a substitute for fossil energy is the predominant route of action to achieve worldwide carbon neutrality. However, clean energy supplies in multi-energy building districts are still at the preliminary stages for energy paradigm transitions. In particular, technologies and methodologies for large-scale renewable energy integrations are still not sufficiently sophisticated, in terms of intelligent control management. Artificial intelligent (AI) techniques powered renewable energy systems can learn from bio-inspired lessons and provide power systems w...

Optical metasurfaces are planar arrangements of subwavelength meta-atoms that implement a wide range of transformations on incident light. The design of efficient metasurfaces requires that the responses of and interactions among meta-atoms are accurately modeled. Conventionally, each meta-atom's response is approximated by that of a meta-atom located in a periodic array. Although this approximation is accurate for metastructures with slowly varying meta-atoms, it does not accurately model the complex interactions among meta-atoms in more rapidly varying metasurfaces. Optimization-based design...

Predicting the effects of mutations in proteins is critical to many applications, from understanding genetic disease to designing novel proteins that can address the authors' most pressing challenges in climate, agriculture and healthcare, and this work introduces ProteinGym, a large-scale and holistic set of benchmarks specifically designed for protein fitness prediction and design.

The results show that the current grid codes require high power – medium energy storage, being Li-Ion batteries the most suitable technology, and the best location of the energy storage within the photovoltaic power plays an important role and depends on the service.

This paper proposes a novel end-to-end attention-guided method based on multi-branch convolutional neural network that can produce high fidelity enhancement results for low-light images and outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods both quantitatively and visually.

This work proposes a hybrid model based on a long short-term memory-based encoder-decoder neural network and a Savitzky-Golay filter that can investigate nonlinear characteristics in a complicated water environment.

In this review, the newly emerging methods for the large-scale production of CDs are summarized, such as microwave, ultrasonic, plasma, magnetic hyperthermia and microfluidic technology.

Green ammonia, synthesized from air, water, and renewable energy, is a carbon-free energy storage vector with numerous potential energy applications, including dispatchable green electricity for the power sector. Due to the low cost of storing and transporting ammonia, green ammonia can be available as an energy source in all geographies, without the geological storage requirements of carbon capture and storage (CCS) or underground hydrogen storage. Here we contribute a novel techno-economic analysis to forecast the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) from ammonia based on near-term and long-...

The rising tide of mental ill‐health in young people globally demands that this focus be elevated to a top priority in global health.

ABSTRACT We present the BACCO project, a simulation framework specially designed to provide highly-accurate predictions for the distribution of mass, galaxies, and gas as a function of cosmological parameters. In this paper, we describe our main suite of gravity-only simulations ($L\sim 2\,$ Gpc and 43203 particles) and present various validation tests. Using a cosmology-rescaling technique, we predict the non-linear mass power spectrum over the redshift range 0 < z < 1.5 and over scales $10^{-2} \lt k/(\, h\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}) \lt 5$ for 800 points in an eight-dimensional cosmolog...

The information content in the marked power spectrum of the matter field is quantified and it is shown that it outperforms the standard power spectrum by setting constraints improved by a factor larger than 2 on all cosmological parameters.

This work demonstrates monolithic LN PICs fabricated on 4- and 6-inch wafers with deep ultraviolet lithography and shows smooth and uniform etching, achieving 0.27 dB/cm optical propagation loss on wafer-scale.

Heat pumps can recover and upgrade industrial waste heat using renewable electricity, creating an essential technological lever to decarbonise thermal processes. High profitability requirements, unfavourable electricity-gas price ratios, and a lack of awareness of meaningful application possibilities among stakeholders from consultants and decision-makers, in both politics and companies, hinder further market penetration. To address these barriers, this review classifies 155 case studies of large-scale heat pumps to identify suitable characteristics that favour implementation. Unit operations,...

The massive growth of PV farms, both in number and size, has motivated new approaches in inspection system design and monitoring. This paper presents a review of imaging technologies and methods for analysis and characterization of faults in photovoltaic (PV) modules. The paper provides a brief overview of PV system (PVS) reliability studies and monitoring approaches where fault related PVS power loss is evaluated. Research on infrared thermography (IRT) and luminescence imaging technologies is thoroughly reviewed, with focus on ease of implementation, efficiency and unmanned aerial system (UA...

Simulation results validate that the performance of deploying two cooperative IRSs is significantly better than that of deploying one IRS given a sufficient total number of IRS elements, and show that deploying two Cooperative IRSs with in total can yield a power gain of order.

This work demonstrated a 64 × 64 flexible tactile sensor array with a record-high spatial resolution of 0.9 mm by integrating a high-performance piezoresistive film (PRF) with a large-area active matrix of carbon nanotube thin-film transistors and hardware-implemented a smart tactile system.

Abstract New, rapid, accurate, scalable, and cost-effective species discovery and delimitation methods are needed for tackling “dark taxa,” here defined as groups for which $<$10$\%$ of all species are described and the estimated diversity exceeds 1,000 species. Species delimitation for these taxa should be based on multiple data sources (“integrative taxonomy”) but collecting multiple types of data risks impeding a discovery process that is already too slow. We here develop large-scale integrative taxonomy (LIT), an explicit method where preliminary species hypotheses are generated bas...

This work experimentally demonstrate continuous, multi-channel control of MRR weight banks using simple calibration procedures, achieving a record-high accuracy and precision for all the controlled MRRs.

Human olfactory sensors have a large variety of receptor cells that generate signature responses to various gaseous molecules. Ideally, artificial olfactory sensors should have arrays of diverse sensors. However, it is challenging to monolithically integrate large-scale arrays of different high-performance gas sensors. Here we report biomimetic olfactory chips that integrate nanotube sensor arrays on nanoporous substrates with up to 10,000 individually addressable sensors per chip. The range of sensors is achieved using an engineered material composition gradient. Supported by artificial intel...

It is demonstrated that using a few large convolutional kernels instead of a stack of small kernels could be a more powerful paradigm, and proposed RepLKNet, a pure CNN architecture whose kernel size is as large as 31×31, in contrast to commonly used 3×3.

China has built the world’s largest power transmission infrastructure by consuming massive volumes of greenhouse gas (GHG)-intensive products such as steel. A quantitative analysis of the carbon implications of expanding the transmission infrastructure would shed light on the trade-offs among three connected dimensions of sustainable development, namely climate change mitigation, energy access and infrastructure development. By collecting a high-resolution inventory, we developed an assessment framework of, and analysed, the GHG emissions caused by China’s power transmission infrastructure con...

A recently developed large-scale tactile sensing system for a robotic link, called TacLINK, which can be assembled to form a whole-body tactile sensing robot arm that is scalable in size, durable in operation, and low in cost, that can be widely exploited in the design of robotic arms, prosthetic arms, and humanoid robots, etc.

This work develops a simple but effective workflow to enable large-scale and near-complete lipid structure characterization with a powerful capability of identifying C=C location and sn-position simultaneously in complex biological samples.

Producing hydrogen by water electrolysis with solar and wind energy will be one of the main methods of hydrogen production. The inherent intermittency and volatility are, however, the biggest obstacles to the utilization of these low-carbon resources. This limitation leads to an urgent need for fundamental analysis and system integration of renewable energy sources. In this paper, the random fluctuations of wind and solar energy were characterized by the spectral analysis method to explore underlying laws within. The base models of wind power and photoelectric (PV) power were defined to reveal...

The identification of large-scale NCPs in both monocot and dicot plants reveals that a much larger portion of the plant genome can be translated to biologically functional molecules, which has important implications in functional genomic studies.

Abstract Uneven distribution of electric fields at the electrolyte–anode interface and associated Zn dendrite growth is one of the most critical barriers that limit the life span of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. Herein, new‐type Zn–A–O (A = Si, Ti) interface layers with thin and uniform thickness, porosity, and hydrophilicity properties are developed to realize homogeneous and smooth Zn plating. For ZnSiO 3 nanosheet arrays on Zn foil (Zn@ZSO), their formation follows an “etching–nucleation–growth” mechanism that is confirmed by a well‐designed Zn‐island‐based identical‐location microscopy metho...

This paper demonstrates its effectiveness on tasks with large scale datasets by investigating its application to the Google Multidomain Dataset and introduces a modification of SpecAugment that adapts the time mask size and/or multiplicity depending on the length of the utterance, which can potentially benefit large scale tasks.

The underlying theory behind the large-scale and linear scaling density functional theory code, conquest, is surveyed, which shows excellent parallel scaling and can be applied to thousands of atoms with diagonalization and millions of atom with linear scaling.

A comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art low-power design techniques for every circuit block in the SAR ADC, including comparator, capacitive digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and SAR logic.

Abstract Meta-optics has achieved major breakthroughs in the past decade; however, conventional forward design faces challenges as functionality complexity and device size scale up. Inverse design aims at optimizing meta-optics design but has been currently limited by expensive brute-force numerical solvers to small devices, which are also difficult to realize experimentally. Here, we present a general inverse-design framework for aperiodic large-scale (20k × 20k λ 2 ) complex meta-optics in three dimensions, which alleviates computational cost for both simulation and optimization via a fast a...