Top Research Papers on Obesity

The rising prevalence of obesity is reviewed and potential mechanisms underlying its association with various comorbidities and how these respond to treatment are discussed, with a particular focus on cardiometabolic disease, malignancy and mental health.

A substantial body of literature demonstrates a paradox with improved prognosis of overweight and obese patients with established CVD compared to lean patients with the identical CVD, and the impact of fitness, exercise, physical activity, and weight loss and their relationship to the obesity paradox are reviewed.

Therapies including diet, medications, and bariatric surgery are discussed that should be considered in patients with BMIs if diet and lifestyle interventions fail to achieve weight loss and antihypertensive therapy, plasma lipid reduction and glucose lowering therapy should be prescribed in obese patients with hypertension, a 10-year CVD risk >7.5%, or prediabetes or diabetes.

These new guidelines will help to identify and manage high-risk groups for obesity-related comorbidities among Korean adults and put greater emphasis on the use of morbidity as the basis for obesity and abdominal obesity diagnoses.

This review aims to dissect the complexities of endogenous FGF21 and GDF15 action in obesity versus DIO resistance for the regulation of energy balance in metabolic health and disease.

Bariatric (metabolic) surgery remains the most effective and durable treatment, with proven benefits beyond weight loss, including for cardiovascular and renal health, and decreased rates of obesity-related cancers and mortality.

Dyslipidemia and obesity present common diseases that must be managed to decrease the cardiovascular risk and the risk of obesity-related complications.

Based on the 2011–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the prevalence of obesity in women of reproductive age (20–39 years) in the United States is 31.8% and increases to 58.5% when the overweight and obese categories are combined.

The purpose of this Practice Bulletin is to offer an integrated approach to the management of obesity in women of reproductive age who are planning a pregnancy.

Obesity is associated with increased morbidity. Antiobesity medications are effective adjunctive therapy to lifestyle changes for improved weight loss and health outcomes.

C Cotreatment of obesity and diabetes requires a comprehensive medical approach that encompasses intensive lifestyle modification including behavioral changes, nutrition, and physical activity, as well as pharmacotherapy and possible surgical management.

The current evidence on obesity and menopause is reviewed, focusing on the implications of increased obesity duringMenopause, the impact of menoppause on obesity, and the effect of available treatments on associated morbidities.

Clinical and epidemiological studies, as well as data from experimental animal work, are being summarized to provide a state of the art update on this important topic.

Socioeconomic factors contribute to obesity on an individual and community level, and any viable approach to sustainably addressing the obesity epidemic must take these factors into account.

An overview of the literature addressing the association between obesity and T2DM is provided, briefly discussing the pathophysiological mechanisms linking these conditions and outlining the management approach at the overlap of obesity andT2DM.

Obesity has become a significant public health issue worldwide over the last four decades.[1] It is caused by excess body fat accumulation, which is harmful to health. Obesity is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2, while overweight is the BMI of ≥25 kg/m2.[2] The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing globally in both developing and developed countries in all age groups.[3] Since 1980, globally, its prevalence is almost doubled.[4] The WHO has reported that in 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight; among them, 650 million ...

The roles and mechanisms of gut microbiota's composition and metabolite changes in the gut play in obesity and obesity related diseases are summarized and potential therapeutic treatments that can be used to modulate the gut microbiome composition and target the relevant metabolic pathways of Obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases are discussed.

This review aims at providing a comprehensive update of the relationship between the adipose tissue in obesity and autoimmune disorders, highlighting the underlying mechanisms with a particular emphasis on adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines, the impaired B cell activity, and the production of natural and pathogenic autoantibody repertoire in the context of obesity.

Preclinical and clinical data are reviewed that contribute to explain the role of butyrate in this context, highlighting its crucial contribute in the diet-GM-host health axis.

This report might constitute a cornerstone by which to establish targets for future interventions for reversing the rise in the prevalence of obesity and reducing the burden of obesity in Korea.

The goal of the 8th edition of the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Obesity is to help primary care physician provide safe, effective care to patients with obesity by offering evidence-based recommendations to improve the quality of treatment. The Committee for Clinical Practice Guidelines comprised individuals with multidisciplinary expertise in obesity management. A steering board of seven experts oversaw the entire project. Recommendations were developed as the answers to key questions formulated in patient/problem, intervention, comparison, outcomes (PICO) format. Guidelines underwent mult...

The 2020 Korean Society for the Study of Obesity Guideline for the Management of Obesity in Korea summarizes evidence-based recommendations and treatment guidelines.

The obesogen hypothesis posits that exposure to endocrine disruptors and other chemicals can alter the development and function of the adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and brain, thus changing the set point for control of metabolism.

Assessment of the published data related to obesity and overweight to assess the possible risk and outcome in Covid-19 patients based on their body weight explores how the obese host provides a unique microenvironment for disease pathogenesis, resulting in increased severity of the disease and poor outcome.

A review of 129 studies that evaluated variable definitions of metabolic dysfunction in relation to obesity‐related cancer risk and mortality after a cancer diagnosis finds that metabolic dysfunction driven by obesity increases risk for developing at least 13 cancer types.

Comprehensive, evidence-based obesity treatment combines behavioral interventions, nutrition, physical activity, pharmacotherapy, and metabolic/bariatric procedures and clinical guidelines support the use of long-term antiobesity medications when weight maintenance is inadequate with lifestyle interventions alone.

Abstract Obesity contributes to reduced life expectancy, impaired quality of life, and disabilities, mainly in those individuals who develop cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, and cancer. However, there is a large variation in the individual risk to developing obesity-associated comorbid diseases that cannot simply be explained by the extent of adiposity. Observations that a proportion of individuals with obesity have a significantly lower risk for cardiometabolic abnormalities led to the concept of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). Although there is no clear definiti...

It is hoped this review will prompt future studies to further understand the underlying mechanisms driving these abnormalities and identify modifiable risk factors and potential therapeutic targets to prevent the development of probable obesity‐associated conditions with significant morbidity and mortality, such as ID and VTE.

The role obesity plays in the pathophysiology of various cardiovascular diseases both by directly affecting endothelial and myocyte function and indirectly by enhancing major cardiovascular risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia is summarized.

The aim of this short review was to revise the current evidence on anthropometric characteristics and nutritional and pharmacological aspects of obesity from a gender perspective, and found gender differences exist in obesity prevalence and phenotype, body fat distribution, drug efficacy, clinical trial representation, and different secondary effects of bariatric surgery.

The characteristics of the Gut microbiota in obesity, the mechanism of obesity induced by the gut microbiota, and the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the gut microbiome and obesity are summarized to provide support for understanding the complex relationship between obesity and microbiota.

The similarities and discrepancies between animal and human biology are discussed and clinical applications of leptin are presented, directions for future research, and current approaches for the development of the next-generation leptin analogs are discussed.

The issue of malnutrition in the context of obesity is presented and a higher incidence of food deficiency among people with excessive body weight, than in people with normal body weight of the same age and same sex is indicated.

This review will address the question whether the bone of obese children and adolescents is unhealthy in comparison with normal-weight peers and discuss mechanisms underlying the differences in bone quality and structure and address emerging dietary issues.

Semaglutide has demonstrated the largest weight loss of any obesity medication to date with reductions of approximately 15% of initial weight at 68 weeks, accompanied by improvements in cardiovascular risks factors and physical functioning.

The epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis, prevention and management of obesity in this age group is discussed, and adjunctive therapies can be valuable, such as more intensive dietary therapies, pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery.

Evidence is clear that those with obesity, and particularly its complications, such as diabetes and hypertension, may be more liable to develop a more serious illness, requiring hospital admission and probably invasive ventilation.

Changing negative societal attitudes to high body weights would improve the wellbeing of people living with obesity, and promote more effective weight-inclusive attitudes and behaviours in society at large, particularly in healthcare settings.

A systematic review and meta‐analysis summarize the current clinical evidence relevant to sarcopenic obesity and found the attenuated risk of sarcopenia in elderlies with obesity (“obesity paradox”) was dependent on higher muscle mass and strength.

This report provides the most recent national data for 2017-2018 on obesity and severe obesity prevalence among adults by sex, age, and race and Hispanic origin.