Top Research Papers on OCD

The novel concept of “autoimmune OCD” is proposed for a small subgroup of OCD patients, and clinical signs based on the PANDAS/PANS criteria and from recent experience with autoimmune encephalitis and autoimmune psychosis are suggested.

The authors have compiled the available evidence to make a clear statement on whether DBS for OCD is established therapy.

A systematic review of schema therapy for anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD showed that schema therapy can lead to beneficial effects in disorder‐specific symptoms and early maladaptive schemas and uncovered substantial methodological limitations in most studies.

To estimate the worldwide prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder, examine whether women are at greater risk than men, and explore other potential moderators of OCD prevalence to explain variability in community-based epidemiologic studies.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Structural brain imaging data from ENIGMA consortium data suggests robust but subtle differences across different age groups among ADHD, ASD, and OCD, which support previous work emphasizing structural brain differences in these disorders.

The results of the study show that the effect of COVID-19 fear on OCD is mediated by emotional reactivity, experiential avoidance and depression-anxiety.

Connections between ASD and SUD and the impact on development, screening and treatment are explored and culturally constructed narratives associated with both diagnoses are proposed to be responsible for the dearth of research and literature.

The findings suggest that women with MDD and anxiety disorders have elevated rates of EDs, and it is therefore imperative to screen for disordered eating in these populations.

The results support the need to improve relapse prevention during the period of social restrictions and develop alternative strategies such as online consultations and digital psychiatric management.

Results showed that patients with OCD had higher scores on all OC symptom dimensions and symptom severity during the pandemic as compared to their scores from before the Pandemic, and regression analyses indicated that COVID-19-related stress responses significantly predicted the observed increase in specific OC symptoms and general severity.

Underlying mechanisms of observed pleiotropy are examined, including genetic effects on neurodevelopment, diverse actions of regulatory elements, mediated effects, and spurious associations of genomic variation with multiple phenotypes.

Bipolar disorder has a yearly prevalence of 2%. Other mental and physical conditions occur with bipolar disorder, which is also associated with an increased risk of suicide. Treatment is complex and relies on lithium or intermittent use of antipsychotic drugs.

The title of this Primer (Histiocytic disorders) was chosen to differentiate the above diseases from Langerhans cell sarcoma and malignant histiocytosis, which are hyperproliferative lesions typical of cancer.

The diagnostic assessment of vestibular syndromes is much easier for clinicians now that it has been internationally standardized, but there is still a lack of randomized, controlled trials on the treatment of, for example, Menière's disease, Vestibular migraine, and "cerebellar vertigo."

Evidence is reviewed on the epidemiology, mechanisms, screening, and treatment of bipolar disorders, which shows targeting medical and psychiatric comorbidity, integrating adjunctive psychosocial treatments, and involving caregivers have been shown to improve health outcomes for people with bipolar disorders.

Reducing the large burden of disease from anxiety disorders in individuals and worldwide can be best achieved by timely, accurate disease detection and adequate treatment administration, scaling up of treatments when needed.

It has been further demonstrated that reducing the duration of untreated illness within three years of onset is associated with a better outcome and this has led to the rollout of FREED, an early intervention service in the UK.

Cognitive behavioral therapy is the psychotherapy with the most evidence of efficacy for anxiety disorders compared with psychological or pill placebo and first-line treatments for Anxiety disorders include cognitive behavioral therapy, SSRIs such as sertraline, and SNRIssuch as venlafaxine extended release.

The role of NO and SNO in the progression of neurodevelopmental, psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, with special attention to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is summarized and mechanistic insights into the contribution of NO in diverse brain disorders are provided.

Future research and clinical trials must increasingly consider complex phenotypes in ASD in stratification of large datasets as well as in design of inclusion criteria for individual therapeutic interventions.

The association of maternal diabetes with N DDs in offspring varies depending on the co-morbid presentation of the NDDs, with the greatest odds associated with outcomes that included ID.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the risk of both all-cause and cause-specific mortality among persons with autism spectrum disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and their first-degree relatives.

FlDPnn was assessed with the data from the “Critical Assessment of Protein Intrinsic Disorder Prediction” experiment and on an independent and low-similarity test dataset, which show that flDPnn offers accurate predictions of disorder, fully disordered proteins and four common disorder functions.

This current literature review examined the empirical literature regarding the rates and types of, and risk factors for eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors in LGBT adults and adolescents, in addition to each individual subgroup (i.e., lesbians, gay males, bisexuals, transgender and gender-nonconforming individuals).

An overview of how microglia mechanistically contribute to the sculpting of the developing brain and neuronal circuits is provided and how microbiota-dependent modulation of microglial biology is currently thought to influence NDD progression is discussed.

Although a variety of important sleep disorders may disrupt quality of sleep in adolescents, such as obstructive sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, and narcolepsy, this article will focus on common disorders that affect the quantity of sleep, suchAs poor sleep hygiene, circadian rhythm disorders, and insomnia.

An association between food habits and the individual lifestyle with neurodegeneration has been manifested, thereby proposing the role of nutraceuticals as prophylactic treatment for neurological interventions.

Overall, most salivary gland tumors are benign and can be treated with surgical excision, and usually present as a painless solitary neck mass.

Diagnosing patients with suspected hereditary hemochromatosis, the evaluation of patients with elevated serum ferritin levels, and signs of secondary overload and treatment options for those with secondary iron overload are described.

The importance of improving adherence to postnatal guidelines to monitor hypertension and the need for more research focused on primary prevention of future cardiovascular disease in women identified as being at high risk because of HDP are illustrated.

As the understanding of the genetics of BD improves, there is growing optimism that some clear biological pathways will emerge, providing a basis for future studies aimed at molecular diagnosis and novel therapeutics.

The aim of this article is to provide a framework for the general internist in assessing, diagnosing, and managing dysphagia in an adult patient.

This Primer by Lord and colleagues reviews the epidemiology, mechanisms, clinical detection and treatment of autism and identifies the long-term needs of people with autism.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental disorder with a high burden on patients, family members, and health-care systems; progress in understanding and management has resulted in earlier diagnosis and better treatment outcomes.

This Primer summarizes the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of major depressive disorder, and reviews how this disorder affects patient quality of life, and provides an overview of future research.

An updated overview of binge eating disorder that includes recommendations relevant for primary care practitioners is provided, as well as expert opinions of a diverse group of experts to help guide clinicians where evidence is limited.

The risk factors of opioid use disorder, together with its epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment, are discussed, including community preventive strategies, harm reduction interventions to reduce adverse sequelae from ongoing use and mutual aid groups.

The complex interplay betweenMitophagy and neurological disorders suggests that targeting mitophagy might be applicable for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and acute brain injury.

Hemodynamic adaptations to pregnancy and an approach to the prevention, diagnosis, and management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and hypertensive emergencies are provided.