Top Research Papers on Philosophy

In "What is Philosophy?" the philosopher Dietrich von Hildebrand analyzes the datum of knowledge itself in its different forms, from the most casual perception of some object in our naive experience to "a priori knowledge", taken as consisting of absolutely certain insights into "necessary essences". Plato's central teaching about the kind of human knowledge which transcends the world of time and of becoming is here clarified and deepened. Precise lines are drawn which distinguish empirical knowledge, such as is found in the physical sciences, from a priori knowledge. Von Hildebrand also draws...

(1933). What is philosophy? Australasian Journal of Psychology and Philosophy: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 88-98.

In What is Philosophy? the distinguished philosopher Dietrich von Hildebrand analyses the datum of knowledge itself in its different forms, from the most casual perception of some object in our naïve experience to "a priori knowledge," taken as consisting of absolutely certain insights into "necessary essences." Plato's central teaching about that kind of human knowledge which transcends the world of time and of becoming is here purified, clarified and deepened. Precise lines are meticulously drawn which distinguish empirical knowledge, such as is found in the physical sciences, from a priori ...

One words "philosophy the main body of a book is said with Heidegeer is not what,philosophy can not act as what".Lead to problems linked to the philosophy of today's misunderstandings of what is to come on philosophy,and what philosophy can do.The article boundary has fixed the philosophy intrinsic characteristics first: Surpass temporality,surpass material gain.Proceed to go deep into the problem discussing the philosophy leading factor: "Cross-examine being around in person"."After all why the problem is being in person but is not being on the contrary?" the basis passing metaphysics,comment...

The concept of "the world" is the key to the understanding of "philosophy being what it is". The "world" in the definition that "philosophy is the systematized and theorized general idea and concept of the world" is not the whole of the generally accepted objective being. Having researched the "worldview" of different philosophers, we can find that the "world" is the product of man′s theoretical construction of man′s being. So, philosophy, in essence, is to interpret the human life through interpreting "the world" in different ways and from different angles. Because philosophy is man′s underst...

The outstanding thinking on philosophy of Heidegger has changed the direction of the Western philosophy,and has opened the non-Metaphysica times,offered the new perspective to the Western philosophy,and the new way to the things themselves —— thinking.This article liquidates the provision of philosophy based on the dissertations of Heidegger.

In strict meaning,philosophy is a study of loving wisdom,which doesn′t exist in China.There is only a study of wisdom in China,which is used to reach other objects with wisdom.In ancient Greece,to love wisdom is a spiritual reproduction and creation,which pursuits the truth,good and beauty on basis of leisure and amazement.In fact,it is to seek human′s essence.Philosophy is self-consciousness,is a reflection on life value.So philosophy studying is to study death.The meaning to live is to seek significance for life,which is absolutely individual.

In terms of its swing between presence and absence,philosophy belongs to science since it is about "presence" but at the same time it goes beyond science because it is also about "absence".In terms of its endeavor to seek the origin,philosophy is not only a return trip to itself but a future trip to self-achievement so fundamentally philosophy is a subject for self and self-achievement.In terms of our return to freedom only when we return to the origin,philosophy is an emancipation endeavor which gives back freedom to us while in terms of the belief that real self is a free self,as a subject f...

VIEWED, as Gilbert Ryle would have it, as a second-order discourse, philosophy can help us gain a clearer view of concepts of which we already have a mastery. If well done, it can enable us to command a clearer view of our use of words which, when we reflect on this use, can be puzzling. (We know well enough what time is until we try to say what we mean by "time.") Philosophy so domesticated can help us get clearer about our concepts and this may in some cases indirectly help us to get a little clearer about our lives and about what is the case and what may come to be the case, including a cle...

Philosophy is a kind of thought which can penetrate the field of human civilization. Its object is generality, its means the abstract conception of reason, its style scepticism and criticism. While the thought studies the universe as a whole, it can help people establish “rational belief”,accordingly it is a sort of positively dynamic power which is sure to change the world and remould the existence.

"The question 'what is philosophy?' can perhaps only be posed lat in life, with the arrival of old age and the time for speaking concretely. It is a question posed in a moment of quiet restlessness, at midnight, when there is no longer anything to ask." Posing that question, Deleuze and Guattari worked together for what turned out to be the last tiome, to produce a book which can be seen as a condensation of everything they had written before, together and separately. Twenty years on from their endlessly influential Anti-Oedipus, Deleuze and Guattari have lost none of their inspirational radic...

VIEWED, as Gilbert Ryle would have it, as a second-order discourse, philosophy can help us gain a clearer view of concepts of which we already have a mastery. If well done, it can enable us to command a clearer view of our use of words which, when we reflect on this use, can be puzzling. (We know well enough what time is until we try to say what we mean by "time.") Philosophy so domesticated can help us get clearer about our concepts and this may in some cases indirectly help us to get a little clearer about our lives and about what is the case and what may come to be the case, including a cle...

This chapter addresses the question ‘What is philosophy?’, which it suggests is absurd. It argues that it is not so much the question that is absurd as the attempt to answer it. It contends that it is much better—more reliable—to look at what a philosopher does in a particular case than to listen to what he or she says about what is being done. It also asserts that philosophy does not necessarily exist—and certainly does not thrive—in every society or culture; that religious belief or religious thought is not the same as philosophy, or philosophical thought; and that philosophy is an activity,...

The aim of this book is to inspire and motivate students to think critically and act rationally about the world around them.

‘What is philosophy?’ is a question that every professional philosopher must ask themself sometimes. In a sense, of course, they know: they spend much time doing it. But in another sense, the answer to the question is not at all obvious. In the same way, any person knows by acquaintance what breathing is; but this does not mean that they know the nature of breathing: its mechanism and function. The nature of breathing, in this sense, is now well understood; the nature of philosophy, by contrast, is still very much an open question. One of the reasons this is so is that the nature of philosophy...

In attempting to realize the tasks facing Soviet philosophers today, at a crucial moment in the life of our society, and in an attempt to contribute as best we can to clearing up the intellectual atmosphere of the country, we turn again to the question of what philosophy is, what its place in the life of society is, and how it can and must develop. The present article is dedicated to an examination of one of the aspects of this complex question.

same three sorts of motivations and what he says about phantasia and its place in non-rational motivation expands upon Plato. Readers will welcome the book’s clarity and vigorous defence of positions through close textual analysis and confrontation with secondary literature. Half the chapters are on Plato. These defend division of the soul in Republic 4. L. carefully sets out the assumptions in support of tripartition – primarily that the same part of the soul cannot have desire for and aversion to the same thing at once – and develops a more robust version than usual. Whereas some prominent i...

nia–justice–friendship. Ch.8 puts together the alternatives of political paideia that Aristotle confronted: the theoretical proposal of Plato’s Republic (a well-designed system for the education of the ruling class), the practice of Normalpolis (incidental education for all by the execution of age-old rituals), and the intermediate proposal of Plato’s Laws (the systematic education of the whole citizenry). Ch.9 shows how Aristotle’s paideia educates all the members of the polis by using institutions of the oikos and the polis and by habituating people, morally and politically, through mimêsis....

Shaul Tor presents an illuminating and wide-ranging treatment of the relation between the epistemology and theology of Hesiod, Xenophanes, Parmenides, and, to a lesser extent, Empedocles. Over six detailed chapters, he combines philosophical innovation with philological and cultural sensitivity to offer new and fascinating insights on several widely discussed and difficult issues of early Greek philosophy. In his first chapter (‘Rationality and Irrationality, Philosophy and Religion’), Tor surveys the scholarly division between ‘rationalizing’ and ‘mysticizing’ readings of early Greek philosop...

Philosophical research on feminism focuses on the reasoning which supports various arguments that relate to or are important to women. "Feminism" usually refers to a political theory. But in philosophy an "ism" is any doctrine or point of view with enough philosophical implications to warrant a title. In this essay, "feminism" is used in this broad sense, to include all philosophical issues about women. These issues include: abortion; preferential hiring; women's treatment of language and language's treatment of women; the nature of women; analyses of such aspects of the relations between the ...