Top Research Papers on Piezoelectric Materials

Cellulose-based nanomaterials, which are generally known as nanocelluloses, are inter- esting renewable biomaterials which have potential applications for example in material science, electronics and biomedical engineering and diagnostics. Cellulose has a strong ability to form lightweight, highly porous and entangled networks that make nanocellulose suitable as substrate or membrane material. Recently, also studies related to piezo- electric behavior of nanocellulose have been published. The piezoelectricity of wood was proposed already in 1955 by Eiichi Fukada, but only very slightly studied...

The present invention provides a high Curie temperature, lead-free piezoelectric material satisfactory Young's modulus mechanical quality factor and satisfactory and the piezoelectric element and the multilayer piezoelectric elements each using the piezoelectric material. The piezoelectric material containing 0.04 mol% -2.00 mol% Cu, with respect to the perovskite-type metal oxide of 1 mol by the following general formula: (KvBiwBa1-v-w) 1-yNax (NbyTi1-y) O3, which satisfies the relationship of 0 <v≤0.39,0 <w≤0.39,0.9≤w / v≤1.1,0.80≤x≤0.95 and 0.85≤y≤0.95 of.

This review is intended to provide greater understanding of how important piezoelectricity is to the medical industry by describing the challenges and opportunities regarding its future development.

PURPOSE: A preparing method of a piezoelectric material nano tube and the piezoelectric material nano tube prepared therefrom are provided to produce the nano tube from a piezoelectric material nano rod by selectively etching the inside of the nano rod. CONSTITUTION: A preparing method of a piezoelectric material nano tube is performed by etching the inside of a nano rod by supplying a hydroxide ion to the nano rod formed in a piezoelectric material with an asymmetry crystalline structure for forming the nano tube. The piezoelectric material is selected from the group consisting of aluminum or...

A tutorial description is given for losses in piezoelectric materials, The piezoelectric ceramics have many applications of interest and they serve as excel- lent examples of materials with dissipation. The author has included dielectric, e lastic and piezoelectric d issipation parameters for the last 15 years in the development of a family of computer mathematical models for the design of underwater acoustic transducers. The work applies to the characterization of the p roperties of piezoelectric materials generally and the ferroelectric ceramics in particular. A brief historical sumnary is p...

This paper offers theoretical and experimental examinations of the elastic and piezoelectric properties of piezoelectric composite materials used mainly for ultrasonic medical-diagnosis apparatus. One-dimensional multilayer composite materials in which the thickness of each layer is less than the wavelength of elastic waves (i.e., each layer can be regarded as uniform), were analyzed rigorously, and their equivalent elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric constants were obtained. By using the results, the characteristics of a vibrator employing the one-dimensional composite-material (piezoelect...

The present invention relates to a piezoelectric material, the piezoelectric element and the electronic device. To provide a satisfactory piezoelectric constant and mechanical quality factor of the lead-free piezoelectric material within the device driving temperature range (-30 ℃ to 50 ℃). Said piezoelectric material comprises a main component containing perovskite-type metal oxide represented by formula 1, a first auxiliary component composed of Mn, and a second sub-component of Bi or Bi and Li thereof. Based on 100 parts by weight of a metal oxide, a metal basis, the content of Mn is 0.040 ...

Piezoelectric materials are increasingly being used in a wide range of applications. Single crystals, ceramics and polymers are all being used sensors, actuators and energy-harvesting applications. Among the most used piezoelectric materials are lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) ceramics and the polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). Polymer-based composites including high dielectric and piezoelectric ceramic nano-or microparticles are also largely investigated to take advantage of the advantageous properties of both polymers and ceramics. Among the different proc...

The piezoelectric material in the device driving temperature range (-30 ℃ to 50 ℃) has a good piezoelectric constant and mechanical quality factor, does not contain lead is provided. The piezoelectric material is to include a first subcomponent including a main component and, Mn containing the perovskite-type metal oxide is represented by the formula (1), the content of the Mn more than 0.002 mol per 1 mol of the metal-oxide is 0.015 mol or less.

Cellulose-based nanomaterials, which are generally known as nanocelluloses, are interesting renewable biomaterials which have potential applications for example in material science, electronics and biomedical engineering and diagnostics. Cellulose has a strong ability to form lightweight, highly porous and entangled networks that make nanocellulose suitable as substrate or membrane material. Recently, also studies related to piezoelectric behavior of nanocellulose have been published. The piezoelectricity of wood was proposed already in 1955 by Eiichi Fukada, but only very slightly studied sin...

Abstract : The purpose of this monograph is to provide a source of data on a wide variety of piezoelectric materials which will be useful to those conducting research in this area as well as to the engineer designing ultrasonic transducers, filters, and other piezoelectric devices. The numerical data are given in the rationalized MKS system in accordance with the IRE Standards on Piezoelectricity, as are the symbols employed. Table I defines the symbols employed and gives their MKS unit. Since a large amount of literature still uses the CGS system, Table II presents the factors to convert CGS ...

The Institute of Crystallography of the Russian Academy of Science is conducting a program aimed at the search for, the growth, and the investigation of new materials for different electronic applications: resonators, filters, UHF acoustic high-temperature receivers, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, acceleration sensors, etc. Different crystals have been grown by the following methods: (1) hydrothermal, (2) Czochralski, (3) from solution in the melt, and (4) from solutions. The grown crystals were investigated by resonance and ultrasonic methods in order to obtain information on elastic ...

Devices having an actuator with polished piezoelectric material are described. Methods of forming a polished piezoelectric material include bonding a block of fired piezoelectric material onto a substrate and chemical mechanically polishing the block of fired piezoelectric material. The polished surface of the block of fired piezoelectric material can then be bonded to a device layer to form an actuator.

In this paper, the different applications of piezoelectric material (PZT) are surveyed such as: actuators, motors, transformers, sensors, and benders. The operation concept, advantages and disadvantages of these types are explained, that drive the suitable application of them. Moreover, the electrical and mechanical features of piezoelectric material are presented. These features are dynamic behavior, operation voltage, maximum force, and temperature effect. There are different piezoelectric material types such as ferroelectric materials and ferroelectric polymers that are presented and a comp...

: Piezo-composites composed of a piezoelectric ceramic and a polymer are promising materials because of their excellent tailorable properties. The geometry for two-phase composites can be classified according to the connectivity of each phase (1, 2 or 3 dimensionally) into 10 structures; 0-0, 0-1, 0-2, 0-3, 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 2-2, 2-3 and 3-3. In particular, a 1-3 piezo-composite, or PZT-rod/polymer-matrix composite is considered most useful. The advantages of this composite are high coupling factors, low acoustic impedance, good matching to water or human tissue, mechanical flexibility, broad ba...

This article starts with the general presentation of piezoelectric principles and equations. Both tensor notations and Voigt matrix notations are discussed. Subsequently, several types of electroactive materials are presented: piezoelectric ceramics, electrostrictive ceramics, piezoelectric polymers, etc. Various formulations of these materials are currently commercially available. The names lead zirconate titanate (PZT) (a piezoelectric ceramic), lead manganate niobate (PMN) (an electrostrictive ceramic), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) (a piezoelectric polymer), which have become widely u...

Techniques are described for forming actuators having piezoelectric material. A block of piezoelectric material is bonded to a transfer substrate. The block is then polished. The polished surface is bonded to a MEMS body.

Etude de la densite et des proprietes electriques de materiaux composites comprenant des grains de ceramique piezoelectrique (titanate zirconate de plomb) dans une matrice tridimensionnelle formee de couches minces d'un materiau non piezoelectrique

The purpose of this article is to present the reader with a brief description of those characteristics of piezoelectric materials that directly influence imaging.

As part of the DTI programme on the development of test methods for characterisation of advanced materials, project CAM 7 Electroactive materials properties under conditions of high stress or stress rate, has the overall aim of defining and improving the measuring framework for electroactive materials which will enable them to be used with greater confidence by UK industry. This report describes the results of experiments that have been developed to characterise piezoelectric ceramic materials at high electrical and mechanical stresses. The change in dielectric and piezoelectric properties wit...

We introduce a new metric for judging material suitability for high frequency resonator use, and tabulate its value for a number of resonator materials. The new metric combines all the physical quantities associated with acoustic wave propagation in piezocrystals: mass density, dielectric permittivity, piezoelectric modulus, elastic stiffness, and viscosity. Use of this metric to rank materials yields some nonobvious and counterintuitive conclusions with implications for the directions the technology might take, and where the emphases for future progress might be placed.<<ETX>>

Properties of piezoelectric crystals and ceramics are reviewed as they affect use of such materials in electroacoustic transducers. Extensive data on lead titanate-zirconate ceramics are presented to help in selection of the appropriate material for a variety of applications in the lower and medium frequency range, up to several megacycles per second. Quartz and several recently discovered piezoelectric crystals will share the higher megacycle range.

Two outstanding contributions to the knowledge of ferroelectric materials were made in 1955. A new group of ferroelectric crystals was discovered at Bell Laboratories (187,188), typified by the crystal GASH--guanidine aluminum sulfate hexahydrate. They are characterized by ferroelectricity, but it is at present believed that they show only negligible piezoelectricity. In addition, a firm experimental foundation for the development of a theory of ferroelectricity in perovskites has now been laid by the elucidation of the ferroelectric structures of BaTi0 3 and PbTiO 3 (50,135).

Techniques are described for forming actuators having piezoelectric material. A block of piezoelectric material is bonded to a transfer substrate. The block is then polished. The polished surface is bonded to a MEMS body.

At laboratory condition,performances of Pb[(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))_xZr_yTi_(1-x-y)]O_3 are studied experimently.Changing the ratio of Zr/Ti,replacing Pb with La and changing mol fraction of Pb(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3,piezoelectric coefficient d_(33) and Curie temperature T_c may change greatly.Replacing Pb with a few La,d_(33) may increase effectively,meanwhile,T_c decreases apparently.As mol fraction of Pb(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3 increases,d_(33) value increases relatively,T_c decreases lightly.When the ratio of Zr/Ti equals to 33.5/36.5, x equals to 0.34,the performances of material are optimum.In this...

The objective of this paper is to study the performance of piezoelectric materials on a piezoelectric paint sensor. The paper begins by presenting a fabrication method for a paint sensor with piezoelectric properties using piezoelectric materials. The paint sensor is composed of piezoelectric powder and epoxy resin in a 1:1 weight ratio. Five different piezoelectric materials, including three soft-type and two hard-type materials, were used and their piezoelectric properties compared in paint sensors and ceramic sensors. The paint sensors were cured using a steel mold for producing a uniform s...

In this paper we have presented and reviewed a method to produce pollution free electriciyty by some techniques such as piezoelectric effect in Pyroelectric crystal and using them in piezoelectric roads as congestion on roads is becoming inevitable with the fancy of masses towards personal transportation syytem for their growing mobility. Accordingly, it is an object of present invention to provide a method of electrical power generation that does not negatively impact the invironment.

In order to maximize the acquisition of vibration energy of a large mechanical shell, the piezoelectric oscillation energy collector model of a twin cantilever beam was built in COMSOL Multiphysics software by finite element analysis based on the piezoelectric effect. The influence of piezoelectric material, substrate material, and size of piezoelectric material in the output features of piezoelectric energy collector is studied. The research shows that the PZT-5 A output features the best maximum output voltage and power up to 5.2 V and 1.1 mW in the 60-80 Hz range with the highest power de...

a material. Requires a polarization that remains within a material in the absence of the application of an external field, in turn requiring a non-enantiomorphic polar symmetry in the composition of the material. Definition Piezoelectricity means squeeze or pressure electricity, from the Greek pieze which means to press or squeeze. The casual definition of piezoelectric materials is that they develop an electric charge differential along an axis of piezoelectric polarization if placed under appropriate mechanical strain, called the direct piezoelectric effect, and deform if an electric field i...

A piezoelectric thin film containing an aluminum nitride thin film (3) containing a Seltenerdendelement, wherein the rare earth element is scandium, and the content of scandium in the range of 10 atomic% to 50 atomic% in the assumption that the ratio of aluminum and scandium is defined in that the total amount of scandium and aluminum atoms in the aluminum nitride thin film (3) is 100 atomic%.

In this work, using a combination of a theoretical framework and atomistic calculations, we highlight the concept of “surface piezoelectricity,” which can be used to interpret the piezoelectricity of nanostructures. Focusing on three specific material systems (ZnO, SrTiO3, and BaTiO3), we discuss the renormalization of apparent piezoelectric behavior at small scales. In a rather interesting interplay of symmetry and surface effects, we show that nanostructures of certain non-piezoelectric materials may also exhibit piezoelectric behavior. Finally, for the case of ZnO, using a comparison with f...

Piezoelectric materials have the merits of fast response, speed, and high precision. These materials have been widely investigated for functional device applications such as sensors, actuators, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), 3D‐printing etc. This paper offers a review on recent advances in piezoelectric materials and their limitations. In addition, different piezoelectric materials such as lead‐based, lead‐free piezoelectric materials etc. are discussed, and their applications in the catalysis, energy harvesting, sensors, biomedical engineering, an...

This review systematically summarizes the development of piezoelectric materials and their application in the field of nerve regeneration, and the challenges and future research directions of pieZoelectrics materials for application in nerve regeneration are proposed.

A simple ferroelectric molecular crystal is reported that exhibits piezoelectricity performance that is more than 13 times greater than that of amino acid–based piezoelectric materials and should advance piezoelectric materials further into transplant applications.

A review of the recent progress of research works on peptide and metabolite micro- and nanomaterials and the influence of self-assembly processes on their piezoelectricity is discussed.

Piezoelectric solid-state actuators continue to gain in technical and economic significance for a great variety of applications such as quick fine-positioning tasks, control of structural stability and active noise and vibration control due to the high driving forces, short reaction times and compact construction of these actuators. Microelectronics and signal processing must be combined intelligently to form `smart actuators' in order to do justice to the growing demand for precision, miniaturization, efficiency and cost. Energy transducers with piezoelectric PZT ceramics (PZT: lead-zirconate...

The year 1957 saw continued heavy publications activity in the field of piezoelectricity in ferroelectric materials; hardly anything new has appeared on non-ferroelectric piezoelectric crystals. The present chapter aims to cover the background of chemical and physical work on piezoelectrically important ferroelectrics, with the exclusion of domain phenomena, which should be covered in the chapter on ferroelectricity.

Recent progress in improvement of the piezoelectric activity in ferroelectric polymers of technical importance is reviewed with relation to manufacturing process of polarized films. The polymers described are PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), P(VDF–TrFfE) (copolymers of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene), P(VDF–TeFE) (copolymers of vinylidene fluoride and tetrafluoroethylene), and P(VDCN–VAc) (copolymer of vinylidene cyanide and vinylacetate). To increase the piezoelectric activity it is most important to enhance crystallinity and orientation of the polar axis in the thickness direction ...

This paper presents an analysis of crack problems in homogeneous piezoelectrics or on the interfaces between two dissimilar piezoelectric materials based on the continuity of normal electric displacement and electric potential across the crack faces. The explicit analytic solutions are obtained for a single crack in piezoelectrics or on the interfaces of piezoelectric bimaterials. A class of boundary problems involving many cracks is also solved. For homogeneous materials it is found that the normal electric displacement D 2 induced by the crack is constant along the crack faces which depends ...

This paper presents an analysis of crack problems in homogeneous piezoelectrics or on the interfaces between two dissimilar piezoelectric materials based on the continuity of normal electric displacement and electric potential across the crack faces. The explicit analytic solutions are obtained for a single crack in piezoelectrics or on the interfaces of piezoelectric bimaterials. A class of boundary problems involving many cracks is also solved. For homogeneous materials it is found that the normal electric displacement D-2 induced by the crack is constant along the crack faces which depends ...

In this 1970 Digest we commence to mutate the presentation, without departing strongly from the previously established practice, toward a more critical commentary upon the important developments in these related fields of ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and electrooptic materials. To this end we have attempted to be more selective in description, emphasizing the articles which appear to be more important and informative.

The electron‐piezoelectric sound wave interaction gives rise to three distinguishable phenomena: gain, acoustoelectric effects, and nonlinear mixing. The acoustoelectric effects, through coupling to the gain, cause interaction between sound waves which give rise to flux wave propagations. These waves travel at the velocity of sound and can have gain much larger than that of the ordinary peizoelectric waves.When the nonlinear mixing is taken into account, the mixing may be rapid enough to alter the collective wave to that of a second sound wave with velocity 1/√3 vs. The nonlinear mixing is exa...

Abstract This article is a comprehensive study of piezoelectric materials and provides information on surface analysis. In the main scope, the article is about examining surface analysis data and discussing its results. The results obtained by X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and also Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique used to understand the surface morphology of the piezoelectric material sample. Piezoelectric materials, unlike conventional materials, are materials that produce energy when subjected to an electric field or when compression-pulling force is applied. The aim of the article is...

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v TABLE OF CONTENTS vii LIST OF FIGURES x LIST OF TABLES vii Chapter 1. Literature Review 1 1.1 Piezoelectricity 1 1.1.1 Pyroelec.ricity 4 1.1.2 Ferroelectricity 7 1.1.3 Other important piezoelectric parameters 7 1.2 Lead-based piezoelectric materials 9 1.2.1 Lead titanate (PbTiO3) 9 1.2.2 Lead zirconate titanate ( Pb(Zr, Ti)O3) 10 1.2.3 Other lead-based materials 12 1.2.4 Environmental issues 12 1.3 Lead-free piezoelectric materials 12 1.3.1 Bismuth based layered perovskite structures 13 1.3.2 Potassium sodium niobates 15 1.3.3 Barium titanates 16 1.3.4 Other lead-free pie...

The developed device uses bending mode to create rotation mechanical motion, and longitudinal mode to produce ultrasonic energy to soften and break up the target into fragments to facilitate minimally invasive surgery procedures.

A film is a film having molecular orientation, wherein the center for the main surface of the film is centered 10mm length measurement range, the measured retardation Re at a wavelength of 550nm at intervals of 0.8mm, the delay difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of the absolute value of Re ΔRe 100nm or less, and the average retardation Re is Re (ave) is contained within in the range of ~ 700nm ~ 900nm, or 1450nm to 1250nm range.

Closed form solutions for all three modes of fracture for an infinite piezoelectric medium containing a center crack and is subjected to a combined mechanical and electrical loading were obtained using the Stroh formalism. The strain energy release rate was derived and implication to fracture behavior was discussed. Mode I fracture experiments were conducted using compact tension specimens of PZT-4 piezoelectric ceramic. The results indicate that the use of the strain energy release rate as fracture criterion can accurately account for effects of the electric field on the apparent fracture tou...

The present invention provides a method of manufacturing the piezoelectric polymer material, the piezoelectric polymer material having a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 to 1,000,000 and having an optically active aliphatic polyester (A), and a carbodiimide selected from the group consisting of one kind or more functional groups of sub-group, an epoxy group and an isocyanate group consisting of a weight-average molecular weight of 200 to 60,000 stabilizer (B), the degree of crystallinity obtained by the DSC method is 20% to 80%, relative 100 parts by weight of the aliphatic polyester ...

Some problems in the fracture theory of piezoelectric materials are studied in the quasielectrostatic approximation. Asymptotic near-tip expressions for mechanical and electric fields are obtained, using a complex-variable approach. A closure-integral formula for the quasielectrostatic energy release rate is given, which permits the evaluation of this energy by the solution previously obtained. The connection between two electroelastic crack-extension forces provided by different forms of the energy balance is established. For the antiplane fracture of a transversely isotropic piezoelectric so...

An exhaustive survey oI inorganic piezoelectric materials was made in an efiort to develop improved crystals, particularly for underwater sound gear. The field of water-soluble materials was covered thoroughly enough that further prospecting appears unprofitable. The results of this survey, together with all major surveys by previous investigators, are presented in a single table. Sufficient data are presented, concerning the piezoelectric activity of each of the materials investigaled to indicate whether they justify further investigation for various applications.