Top Research Papers on Procrastination

Despite extensive research on procrastination, knowledge of its portrait remains limited. We integrate two perspectives in exploring the relationship between personality and procrastination: the traditional Big Five traits and the darker traits known as the Dark Triad. Through a meta-analysis of 47 independent samples with 18,839 participants, we found that most Big Five traits were negatively related to procrastination, while the Dark Triad traits were positively associated with procrastination. Moreover, the incremental variance analyses revealed that the Dark Triad captured variance in proc...

2018 Outstanding Academic Title, given by Choice Magazine How mobile devices make our in-between moments valuable to media companies while also providing a sense of control and connection In moments of downtime – waiting for a friend to arrive or commuting to work – we pull out our phones for a few minutes of distraction. Just as television reoriented the way we think about living rooms, mobile devices have taken over the interstitial spaces of our everyday lives. Ethan Tussey argues that these in-between moments have created a procrastination economy, an opportunity for entertainment companie...

We use a combination of lab and field evidence to study whether highly-impatient individuals are more likely to procrastinate. To measure impatience, we elicit individual discount rates by giving participants choices between smaller-sooner and larger-later rewards. To measure procrastination, we record how quickly participants complete three tasks: an online game, their application to the university, and a mandatory survey. We find that, consistent with the theory, impatient individuals procrastinate more, but only in tasks where there are costs to delay (the online game and university applica...

The results of an experiment using HabitLab suggest that any conservation of procrastination effect is minimal, and that behavior change designers may target individual productivity goals without causing substantial negative second-order effects.

Abstract. The short form of the General Procrastination Scale (GPS-K; Klingsieck & Fries, 2012 ; Lay, 1986 ) is a reliable self-report scale measuring general procrastination. The presumed one-dimensional factor structure of the scale, however, has never been examined. Thus, the purposes of this representative study were to examine its dimensionality and factorial invariance across age and sex, and to provide norm values of the German general population. The GPS-K was administered to a representative community sample ( N = 2,527; age range 14–95 years). A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)...

A six-weeks trial is reported showing that persuasion adaptation strengthens persuasive power of self-monitoring and limits its attrition.

The study was designed to investigate the prevalence and reasons for academic procrastination in public university students. The sample consisted of 200 university students including 155 women and 45 men students from social and natural sciences departments. Academic procrastination and reasons for it were measured by Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984a). Backward linear regression analysis has shown that risk taking, task aversiveness, and decision-making were significant predictors (reasons) for academic procrastination while task aversiveness being stron...

Procrastination is a widespread phenomenon that affects performance in various life domains including academic performance. Recently, it has been argued that procrastination can be conceptualized as a dysfunctional response to undesired affective states. Thus, we aimed to test the hypothesis that the availability of adaptive emotion regulation (ER) skills prevents procrastination. In a first study, cross-sectional analyses indicated that ER skills and procrastination were associated and that these connections were mediated by the ability to tolerate aversive emotions. In a second study, cross ...

Personal routines (Wake-up Time and Dinner Time) along with individual characteristics (General and Academic Procrastination) and beliefs (perceived importance of sleep) may affect Bedtime Procrastinations.

Procrastination has been defined in different ways. Two instruments—the Irrational Procrastination Scale (IPS) and the Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS)—focus on a core problem in procrastination—the irrational delay of intended behavior. The present paper examined the psychometric properties of the Norwegian translations of these scales. In five samples with students as well as non-students (aggregated n = 1045), standard psychometric properties of the instruments were assessed and their factor structures were compared in replication analyses. In addition, correlations between the instruments ...

Procrastination is often associated with feelings of discomfort. The current research examined the effects of decisional and academic procrastination on students' feeling of discomfort related to academic procrastination and the desire to change their procrastination habits. We assumed that academic procrastination would mediate the relationship between decisional procrastination and students' feelings toward academic procrastination. A total of 373 undergraduate social sciences students from northern Israel participated in the study. The results challenge the traditional perception that procr...

The results suggest that delay reduction theory, a theory that emphasizes the attraction to stimuli that predict reinforcement with a short delay, also may contribute to human procrastination behavior because when task completion comes just before the deadline, it may become a stronger conditioned reinforcer than if task completion came earlier.

Results showed that more Bedtime Procrastination was related to later waking time and later dinnertime hours, whereas more While-in-Bed Procrastinations was linked to being male, later desired time to sleep, and earlier dinnerime hour.

Despite a growing body of research on the consequences of procrastination for health and well-being, there is little research focused on testing or explaining the potential links between procrastination and sleep quality. Using the procrastination-health model as our guiding conceptual lens, we addressed this gap by examining how and why trait procrastination may be linked to various dimensions of sleep quality across two student samples. In Study 1, procrastination was associated with feeling unrested, but not with sleep disturbance frequency, in a sample of Greek undergraduate students (N = ...

This work identified adaptive and maladaptive procrastination styles associated with academic and alcohol outcomes in 1106 college undergraduates and identified non-procrastination and academic productive Procrastination were most adaptive overall.

This commentary connects two studies of academic procrastination, Beswick, Rothblum and Mann (1988), which studied the antecedents of academic procrastination, and Steel (2016), which focuses on the personality correlates of academic procrastination. The author identifies reasons for growth in the field of procrastination research, discusses definitions of procrastination, and then comments on the two studies of academic procrastination identified above. In assessing current status and future directions in the field of procrastination research, the author discusses the relationship between and...

Pointing to a limited set of statistics suggesting that examiners turn in much of their work product at the end of quota periods, the Commerce Department has recently raised concerns over examiner procrastination and its consequences for examination quality. End-loading of review completions alone, however, is not dispositive evidence of procrastination. In this paper, we confirm that examiners complete a substantial percentage of reviews at the end of both bi-weekly and quarterly quotas and then proceed to test for additional markers that may separate a procrastination explanation for these f...

In countries, where a substantial proportion of retirement income rests on savings, there is much concern that a sizeable fraction of the population reaches retirement with insufficient financial resources. We define saving regret as the wish in hindsight to have saved more earlier in life. We measured saving regret and possible determinants in a survey of U.S. households in which respondents were aged 60-79. We find high levels of saving regret, affirmed by some 58%. Saving regret exhibits significant and plausible correlations with personal characteristics and wealth: Married, older, healthi...

A metacognitive model of procrastination that was grounded in the Self-Regulatory Executive Function model can be used to generate novel interventions to treat this problematic behaviour.

Procrastination refers to voluntarily delay an intended course of action despite expecting that it might have negative consequences. It is usually assessed by self-reports, and the two most frequently used scales are the Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS) and the Irrational Procrastination Scale (IPS). The current study sought to investigate the reliability and validity of the two scales in Korean by translating the PPS from English and to reexamine a previous translation of the IPS. The aim is to promote further research on procrastination and to enhance a cross-cultural comprehension of the co...

The research presented in this paper examined the relationships between academic procrastination and learning-specific emotions, and how these variables predict one another over time among undergraduate (n = 354) and graduate students (n = 816). Beyond findings showing expected valences of relations between procrastination and positive emotions (enjoyment, hope, and pride) and negative emotions (anger, anxiety, shame, hopelessness, boredom, and guilt), autoregressive cross-lagged panel analyses showed various directional relations between procrastination and emotions over time. More precisely,...

Abstract Research on procrastination covers a variety of individual factors (e.g., conscientiousness) and this focus is reflected in interventions against procrastination. Less emphasis is put on situational and social factors that may help students reduce procrastination, such as social interdependence. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship between interdependence with academic procrastination and affective variables. Two vignette studies with student samples ( N 1 = 320, N 2 = 193) were conducted and data was analyzed with regression analyses and analyses of covariance. Results...

Abstract The present study examined the relationships between potentially adaptive and maladaptive aspects of psychopathy distinguished within the triarchic model (i.e., boldness, meanness and disinhibition) and two types of procrastination, reflecting its functional and dysfunctional aspects (i.e., active procrastination and passive procrastination). Additionally, the potential mediating mechanisms underlying these associations were investigated. The results revealed that the three components of the triarchic model of psychopathy were related to different forms of procrastination in distinct ...

The current study substantiates higher impulsivity in procrastination and verifies that a difference exists in the sensitivity to time delay between high and low procrastinators.

Investigation of the associations of trait procrastination with hypertension and cardiovascular disease (HT/CVD) and maladaptive coping by testing an extension of the Procrastination–health model suggests procrastinated is a vulnerability factor for poor adjustment to and management of HT/ CVD.

Penundaan atau prokastinasi dapat diartikan sebagai kecenderungan menunda pengerjaan atau penyelesaian suatu tugas atau aktifitas. Ada banyak factor yang empengaruhi penundaan akademik seperti kecanduan internet, self – efficacy, manajemen waktu, motivasi dan stress. Salah satu dampak dari penundaan akademik adalah hasil akademik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa factor yang mempengaruhi academic procrastination diantara mahasiswa di wilayah Cikarang – Bekasi. Peneliti menganalisa data yang didapatkan dari hasil 139 mahasiswa yang telah mengisi kuesioner menggunakan metode a...

The tendency to postpone an action, otherwise known as procrastination, is related to the discounting of future costs. In a tourism context, despite having the best intentions to travel, people may procrastinate their trips. Considering crowding as a type of travel cost, this study examined the effects of crowdedness on travelers’ intentions to visit a theme park and their intended timing of the visit. The results of binomial logistic regression models reveal that crowdedness is negatively related to tourists’ theme park visit intention. More important, crowding is associated with people’s pro...

The results indicate that general and decisional procrastination are significant predictors of Facebook intrusion and intensity and females and young participants use Facebook more intensely and are more likely to become addicted to Facebook.

Abstract. Procrastination at work has been examined relatively scarcely, partly due to the lack of a globally validated and context-specific workplace procrastination scale. This study investigates the psychometric characteristics of the Procrastination at Work Scale (PAWS) among 1,028 office employees from seven countries, namely, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Slovenia, Turkey, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom. Specifically, it was aimed to test the measurement invariance of the PAWS and explore its discriminant validity by examining its relationships with work engagement and performan...

Student academic procrastination presents a significant issue for educators. This procrastination may be due to self-regulatory issues, low self-efficacy, and self-handicapping as a coping mechanism for fear of failure. Academic procrastination may also lead to a number of negative outcomes, including psychological and academic issues. However, little research exists on effective interventions with procrastination in the classroom. This study investigates an effective point of identification at the beginning of the semester for intervention, and a possible brief intervention strategy that can ...

It is shown that deadlines are not beneficial for a team, provided that players can choose efforts frequently and design contracts optimally, and that the team's ability to write discriminatory contracts is therefore central.

If policy makers aim at improving immunization rates, then public policy should concentrate on providing easily accessible and concise information on the flu and the flu shot, as a significant impact of time preferences on immunization decisions is found.

The article presents the results of the study of time perspective as a predictor of procrastination. It shows how the test subjects with high procrastination rates are more pessimistic and negative about past events; they are less focused on future plans, goals, and prospects, and are convinced that their future is predetermined and cannot be influenced by individual actions. The discriminant analysis revealed negative attitude toward the past, fatalistic perception of the future, and lack of orientation to the future as factors predicting a high level of procrastination. Approaches to reducti...

Current research has paid little attention to contextual or social factors that may contribute to procrastination. One social factor, which may influence procrastination, is group work among students. Compared to individual work, group work can enhance individual effort and performance when the individual's contribution is indispensable for group success. In a field experiment, students with high levels of trait procrastination completed a typical academic assignment (i.e., compiling a bibliography), either in group work with an indispensable contribution or in individual work. Lower procrasti...

The cost of procrastination is measured as the relative expected cost of the chosen path versus the optimal path, and a novel connection to optimal pricing theory is used to describe the structure of the worst-case task graph for any present-bias distribution.

Happiness is the life goal of everyone, including students. But in fact, some student behavior is not in line with the effort to get happiness. Academic Procrastination is one of them. The Covid-19 pandemic, which requires learning to be carried out online, appears to have increased academic procrastination, although there is no definite data about it. This study aims to determine the impact of academic procrastination on Subjective Well-Being. The design of this research is literature review. Researchers conducted a literature search regarding the academic procrastination and subjective well-...

This study draws on motivational and cultural theories to examine the indirect relationships between three specific Internet uses (for social interaction, entertainment, and Internet idling) and procrastination in two divergent cultures: the United States and Russia.

Our study examines the nomological network of active procrastination in comparison with passive procrastination. In particular, we examine the effects of the five factor model with the aim to understand which personality traits predict academic procrastination. We also test the effect of passive and active procrastination on academic performance to study the unique contribution of each type of procrastination. In a sample of 178 university students in Switzerland, we find that extraversion and neuroticism are related to active procrastination. Furthermore, active procrastination predicts GPA t...

Trait procrastination is increasingly recognised as having relevance for a number of consequential outcomes, including health. However, research with clinical populations may be hindered by longer scales. The present research addresses this issue by developing and validating a short version of Lay's General Procrastination Scale (GPS), a widely used self-report measure of trait procrastination. Study 1 used factor analysis to reduce the 20-item GPS to 9 items across two large samples (N = 620, N = 920). In Study 2 the GPS-9 demonstrated very good internal consistency across 15 student, adult a...

Procrastination is a common behavior with several negative outcomes. At work, it can be harmful for both organizations and employees. However, its unique nature has only been briefly studied. This study examined the extent to which procrastination at work can be predicted by a personality tendency to procrastinate (i.e., general and decisional procrastination), and what effect the work context has on this relationship. The results indicated that both personality-oriented types of procrastination positively predicted procrastination at work, with decisional procrastination as the stronger predi...