Top Research Papers on Psychology

Ecological psychology is one of the main alternative theories of perception and action available in the contemporary literature. This Element explores and analyzes its most relevant ideas, concepts, methods, and experimental results. It discusses the historical roots of the ecological approach. The Element then analyzes the works of the two main founders of ecological psychology: James and Eleanor Gibson. It also explores the development of ecological psychology since the 1980s until nowadays. Finally, the Element identifies and evaluates the future of the ecological approach to perception and...

The psychology of pandemics has emerged as an important field of research and practice during the coronavirus 2019 (CO VID-19) pandemic and is vital for shaping clinical practice and public health guidelines for COVID-19 and future pandemic outbreaks.

The Psychology of Music provides an overview of the perception of musical tones by discussing different sound characteristics, like loudness, pitch and timbre, together with interaction between these attributes.

Personality psychology, which seeks to study individual differences in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that persist over time and place, has experienced a renaissance in the last few decades. It has also not been reviewed as a field in the Annual Review of Psychology since 2001. In this article, we seek to provide an update as well as a meta-organizational structure to the field. In particular, personality psychology has a prescribed set of four responsibilities that it implicitly or explicitly tackles as a field: ( a ) describing what personality is-i.e., what the units of analysis in the f...

The results show clear trends in the development of language and communication in Culture and in the treatment of Abnormal Behavior and Culture, which are related to Cognition and Personality.

Human behavior plays a critical role in causing global climate change as well as in responding to it. In this article, I review important insights on the psychology of climate change. I first discuss factors that affect the likelihood that individuals engage in a wide range of climate actions. Next, I review the processes through which values affect climate actions and reflect on how to motivate climate actions among people who do not strongly care about nature, the environment, and climate change. Then I explain that even people who may be motivated to engage in climate actions may not do so ...

Reconstructing educational psychology , Reconstructing educational psychology , کتابخانه دیجیتالی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات درمانی شهید بهشتی

This book offers an inspiring exploration of current findings from the psychology of meaning in life, analysing cutting-edge research to propose practical, evidence-based applications. Schnell draws on psychological, philosophical and cognitive perspectives to explore basic concepts of meaning and introduce a multidimensional model of meaning in life. Written in an accessible style, this book covers a range of topics including the distinction between meaning and happiness, the impact of meaning on health and longevity, meaning in the workplace, and meaning-centred interventions. Each chapter e...

Partial table of contents: SKILL ACQUISITION.Levels of Performance Skill: From Beginners to Experts (C. Wrisberg).Skill Acquisition During Childhood and Adolescence (K. Thomas, et al.).Attention (B. Abernethy).Expert Performance in Sport and Dance (J. Starkes, et al.).PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH LEVEL PERFORMANCE.Modeling: Considerations for Motor Skill Performance and Psychological Responses (P. McCullagh & M. Weis).Personality and the Athlete: Challenges and Promises for the Next Decade (Y. Auweele, et al.).Self--Efficacy Beliefs of Athletes, Teams, and Coaches (D. Feltz & C. Lirgg...

Preface. Part I: Introduction. 1. Definitions and Distinctions. 2. Examples of Measures of Subjective Well Being. 3. Motives Underlying Subjective Well Being. Part II: Inter-domain Strategies. 4. Bottom-up Spillover. 5. Top-down Spillover. 6. Horizontal Spillover. 7. Compensation. Part III: Intra-domain Strategies. 8. Re-evaluation Based on Personal History. 9. Re-evaluation Based on Self-concept. 10. Re-evaluation Based on Social Comparison. 11. Goal Selection. 12. Goal Implementation and Attainment. 13. Re-appraisal. Part IV: Inter- and Intra-domain Strategies. 14. Balance. Index. About the ...

This groundbreaking book provides a refreshing introduction to the field of leadership and is jam-packed with theoretical and practical insights derived from a wealth of applied scientific research conducted by the authors and their colleagues around the world over the last three decades. It starts from the premise that leadership is never just about leaders. Instead it is about leaders and followers who are joined together as members of a social group that provides them with a sense of shared social identity – a sense of "us-ness". In these terms, leadership is understood as the process throu...

Originally published in 1976, this title deals with the problem of how we tell left from right. The authors argue that the ability to tell left from right depends ultimately on a bodily asymmetry, such as preference for one or the other hand, or dominance of one side of the brain. This has implications for child development, reading disability, navigation, art, and culture.

Crossing cultures can be a stimulating and rewarding adventure. It can also be a stressful and bewildering experience. This thoroughly revised and updated edition of Furnham and Bochner's classic Culture Shock (1986) examines the psychological and social processes involved in intercultural contact, including learning new culture-specific skills, managing stress and coping with an unfamiliar environment, changing cultural identities and enhancing intergroup relations. The book describes the ABCs of intercultural encounters, highlighting Affective, Behavioural and Cognitive components of cross-c...

The second edition of this textbook provides a thoroughly revised, updated and expanded overview of social psychological research on aggression. The first part of the book covers the definition and measurement of aggression, presents major theories and examines the development of aggression. It also covers the role of situational factors in eliciting aggression, and the impact of using violent media. The second part of the book focuses on specific forms and manifestations of aggression. It includes chapters on aggression in everyday life, sexual aggression and domestic violence against childre...

Chapter 1: History, Methods and Approaches A History Research Methods Research Ethics Chapter 2: Attribution The Naive Scientist Attribution Theory Making Attributions Attributional Biases Attribution and Social Processes Social Representations Chapter 3: Social Cognition The Cognitive Miser Versus the Naive Scientist Heuristics The Motivated Tactician Social Categorization Dual Process Theories Chapter 4: Attitudes Attitude Formation Attitudes and Behaviour Attitude Change Chapter 5: Social Influence Social Norms Confirmity Minority Influence Obedience Social Impact Theory Chapter 6: Group Pr...

For undergraduate-level courses in Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Business Psychology, Personnel Psychology and Applied Psychology. Psychology and Work Today provides an invaluable foundation for anyone entering today's global business and industrial world. This informative, sophisticated, and entertaining text teaches students about the nature of work in modern society. By focusing on the practical and applied rather than the scientific ideal, the authors demonstrate how industrial-organizational psychology directly impacts our lives as job applicants, trainees, employees, managers...

First published in 1989, The Psychology of the Female Body examines the role of the female body in women's identity and experience. She discusses how key events such as menarche, menstruation, pregnancy, and the menopause affect women's lives, and looks at the ways in which the female body and reproduction have been used to confine and control women. She puts forward psychological evidence to refute many of the myths surrounding women's bodies, highlighting how empirical evidence shows that, contrary to what stereotypes suggest, women are not victims of their biology. This book will be of inte...

Psychology of Prejudice and Discrimination provides a comprehensive and compelling overview of what psychological theory and research have to say about the nature, causes, and reduction of prejudice and discrimination. It balances a detailed discussion of theories and selected research with applied examples that ensure the material is relevant to students. This edition has been thoroughly revised and updated and addresses several interlocking themes. It first looks at the nature of prejudice and discrimination, followed by a discussion of research methods. Next come the psychological underpinn...

Web Site The interested reader is urged to contact the author and join a Pragmatic Psychology Dialogue Group at the following web site: http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~dfishman/ "At long last, a tightly reasoned, thoroughly grounded treatise showing that complex social programs can be understood far more profoundly and usefully than past mindsets have allowed." -- Lisbeth B. Schorr , author of Common Purpose: Strengthening Families and Neighborhoods to Rebuild America "Fishman creates a new paradigm for advancing clinical science. Every mental health professional aspiring to be accountable and a s...

An account of new cognitive theory and research on thinking and how the diverse phenomena discussed by means of a taxonomy of thinking are integrated.

This review covers theory and research on the psychological characteristics and consequences of attitudes that are experienced as moral convictions, that is, attitudes that people perceive as grounded in a fundamental distinction between right and wrong, and concludes with a new domain theory of attitude moralization.

Psychology and Work Today, 11th Edition is an exciting update of a well-loved textbook that introduces industrial and organizational psychology, explaining how industrial-organizational psychologists make work and working better. This accessible and informative text explains how industrial-organizational psychologists help organizations hire the best people by designing tests and interviews that uncover the skills and abilities of applicants, make work better by removing or reducing safety issues and sources of stress so that personnel are motivated and able to perform to their abilities, and ...

The Psychology of Criminal Conduct, Seventh Edition, provides a psychological and evidence-informed perspective of criminal behavior that sets it apart from many criminological and mental health explanations of criminal behavior. Drawing upon the General Personality and Cognitive Social Learning theory, James Bonta and Donald Andrews provide an overview of the theoretical context and major knowledge base of the psychology of criminal conduct, discuss the eight major risk/need factors of criminal conduct, examine the prediction and classification of criminal behavior along with prevention and r...

It is argued that the roots of cross-cultural variation often lie in the past, and to understand not only how but also why psychology varies, the authors need to grapple with cross-temporal variation.

First published in 1992. Unavailable for many years this is a reissue of George Kelly's classic work. It is the bible of personal construct psychology written by its founder. The first volume presents the theory of personal construct psychology and the second volume shows the implications for clinical practice.

A LARGER JURISDICTION FOR PSYCHOLOGY. Introduction: Toward a Psychology of Health. What Psychology Can Learn from the Existentialists. GROWTH AND MOTIVATION. Deficiency Motivation and Growth Motivation. Defense and Growth. The Need to Know and the Fear of Knowing. GROWTH AND COGNITION. Cognition of Being in the Peak-Experiences. Peak-Experiences as Acute Identity-Experiences. Some Dangers of Being-Cognition. Resistance to Being Rubricized. CREATIVENESS. Creativity in Self-Actualizing People. VALUES. Psychological Data and Human Values. Values, Growth, and Health. Health as Transcendence of Env...

American racism is alive and well. In this essay, we amass a large body of classic and contemporary research across multiple areas of psychology (e.g., cognitive, developmental, social), as well as the broader social sciences (e.g., sociology, communication studies, public policy), and humanities (e.g., critical race studies, history, philosophy), to outline seven factors that contribute to American racism: (a) Categories, which organize people into distinct groups by promoting essentialist and normative reasoning; (b) Factions, which trigger ingroup loyalty and intergroup competition and thre...

This review synthesizes the latest advances in the psychology behind consumption of luxury objects and experiences and proposes that the psychology of luxury consumption is governed by a set of tensions between what luxury means to the self and the external forces that define luxury consumption.

Contrary to a common narrative whereby politics drives susceptibility to fake news, people are 'better' at discerning truth from falsehood (despite greater overall belief) when evaluating politically concordant news.

The motivational and epistemic causes of (in)effective giving are reviewed and the need for research on strategies to encourage effective giving is underscored.

The difficulties that occur in defining the concept, structure, and classification and ensuring the diagnosis and development of various types of social organization are analyzed and the reliability of the organizational (corporate) security system is associated with overcoming these difficulties.

Robert Sternberg and Wade Pickren have recently published (Sternberg & Pickren, 2019) the Cambridge Handbook of the Intellectual History of Psychology. It includes 30 contributors, 19 chapters, and...

A sound theory of psychological stress must be capable of helping us understand the variations in the ways individuals appraise adaptational transactions with their environments. On the basis of knowledge gained from traditional research methods, there are three main strategies for reducing stress in the workplace. One is to alter the conditions of work so that they are either less stressful or less counterproductive for effective coping. The second strategy is to try to help those who are having difficulty adapting to conditions that are impossible or difficult to change to cope more effectiv...

Changing negative societal attitudes to high body weights would improve the wellbeing of people living with obesity, and promote more effective weight-inclusive attitudes and behaviours in society at large, particularly in healthcare settings.

Protest is typically rare behavior, yet the first decade of the twenty-first century has been named the era of protest. Successful protests bring masses to the streets, and the emergence of social media has fundamentally changed the process of mobilization. What protests need to be successful is demand (grievances, anger, and indignation), supply (protest organizations), and mobilization (effective communication networks). Motivation to participate can be instrumental, expressive, and identity driven, and politicized collective identity plays an important role in the dynamics of collective action...

Abstract The contribution of psychology to marketing has been significant and invaluable. No discipline has benefitted from another as much as marketing from psychology. To gain an understanding of the scientific contributions emerging from the intersection of psychology and marketing, this study conducts a bibliometric retrospection of a premier journal dedicated to the application of psychological theories and techniques to marketing: Psychology & Marketing ( P&M ). To do so, this study employs bibliometrics to unpack the publication trends and the intellectual structure of P&M ....

An expanded evolutionary approach is introduced that considers how genetic and cultural evolution, and their interaction, may have shaped both the reliably developing features of the authors' minds and the well-documented differences in cultural psychologies around the globe.

Basic issues and concepts models - learning rules and architectures learning and memory perception sequential behaviour, serial order and attention word recognition and production modelling cognitive disorders overview - progress and potential.

The transition from reductionist psychoanalytic theory to a more holistic approach to personhood is the key contribution of Alfred Adler. His lingering influence in the field attests to the practicality of his ideas for everyday life. Adler's work regarding holism, striving for perfection, and social interest is best understood in light of his historical context, especially the challenges presented by World War II and the predominance of Freudian thinking at that time. Applications of Adler's individual psychology and his positive view of persons are found in many subsequent theories and thera...

Her research over the years has been evolutionarily inspired and has had the broader goal of gaining a more comprehensive understanding of violence and conflict in families and romantic relationships.Her research interests and publishing record cut across the psychological domains of forensics, development, social, personality, clinical, and criminology.She teaches courses such as psychology of gender, evolutionary psychology, research methods, and statistics.Her most recent endeavor includes creating a podcast/YouTube channel (Darwinian Diva) that aims to reach beyond the walls of academia to...