Top Research Papers on Sleep

Overall, findings suggest that sleep-wake disorders lead to pronounced alterations in specific metabolic pathways, which might contribute to the association of sleep disorders with other psychiatric disorders and medical conditions.

Recommendations to improve sleep include achieving 7 to 9 h of sleep, maintaining a consistent sleep/wake schedule, a regular bedtime routine, engaging in regular exercise, and adopting a contemplative practice to promote better quality and duration of sleep.

An at-home portable system that includes wireless sleep sensors and wearable electronics with embedded machine learning and deep learning offers automated sleep scoring, demonstrating portability, and point-of-care usability is reported.

Consistency of sleep onset and offset timing is important for health, safety, and performance, and when insufficient sleep is obtained during the week/work days, weekend/non-work day catch-up sleep may be beneficial.

Mammalian sleep expression and regulation have historically been thought to reflect the activity of neurons. Changes in other brain cells (glia) across the sleep-wake cycle and their role in sleep regulation are comparatively unexplored. We show that sleep and wakefulness are accompanied by state-dependent changes in astroglial activity. Using a miniature microscope in freely behaving mice and a two-photon microscope in head-fixed, unanesthetized mice, we show that astroglial calcium signals are highest in wake and lowest in sleep and are most pronounced in astroglial processes. We also find t...

U-Sleep is a publicly available, ready-to-use deep-learning-based system for automated sleep staging, which was trained and evaluated on PSG recordings from 15,660 participants of 16 clinical studies and can provide highly accurate segmentations when human expertize is lacking.

The findings of this review warrant the need for further research of the outlined dimensions of sleep, and future research would benefit from clarity on definitions across the different dimensions, along with the use of valid and reliable tools.

There is a significant need for greater emphasis on sleep health in education, clinical practice, inpatient and long-term care, public health promotion, and the workplace.

The state-of-the-art in sleep-monitoring technologies are introduced, the opportunities and challenges from data acquisition to the eventual application of insights in clinical and consumer settings are discussed, and the strengths and limitations of current and emerging sensing methods are explored.

Results indicate that DRD1 rs686 may potentially affect predisposition to SB, that H TR2A rs6313 SNP may be involved in SB pathogenesis, and that HTR2Ars2770304 polymorphism might contribute to the association between SB and OSA.

The included studies focused on exploring the effect of physical activity on sleep quality and sleep disorders or the association between physical activity and sleep outcomes, and have potential implications for healthcare, public health policies, and health promotion.

Although a variety of important sleep disorders may disrupt quality of sleep in adolescents, such as obstructive sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, and narcolepsy, this article will focus on common disorders that affect the quantity of sleep, suchAs poor sleep hygiene, circadian rhythm disorders, and insomnia.

In a prospective study, long sleep duration was associated with increased risk of total and ischemic stroke, whereas short sleep was linked to increase risk of intracerebral hemorrhage, and the Mendelian randomization analysis did not show a significant detrimental effect of short or long sleepduration on the risk oftotal stroke or stroke types.

Advances in the study of sleep in Drosophila are reviewed, their implications for understanding the fundamental functions of sleep that are likely to be conserved among animal species, and important unanswered questions in the field are identified.

By focusing on the components of REM sleep and discouraging continued reliance on a restricted template, this work aims to promote a richer and more biologically grounded developmental-comparative approach that spans behavioral, physiological, neural, and ecological domains.

The prevalence of poor sleep is highlighted, its impacts are described, and the issue of sport culture surrounding healthy sleep is addressed as an important part of training and recovery.

Biological needs for sleep are met by engaging in behaviors that are largely influenced by the environment, social norms and demands, and societal influences and pressures. Insufficient sleep duration and sleep disorders such as insomnia and sleep apnea are highly prevalent in the US population. This article outlines some of these downstream factors, including cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk, neurocognitive dysfunction, and mortality, as well as societal factors such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomics. This review also discusses societal factors related to sleep, such as...

Because many older adults have several factors from different domains affecting their sleep, these complaints are best approached as a multifactorial geriatric health condition, necessitating a multifaceted treatment approach.

Exposure to sleep difficulties varies by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status; significant sleep health disparities exist in the population.

Advances in research on memory and sleep can shed light on how this processing influences the authors' waking life, which can further inspire the development of novel strategies for decreasing detrimental rumination-like activity during sleep and for promoting beneficial sleep cognition.

It was found that objective measures of Wake after sleep onset (WASO, % and min) were positively associated with the PSQI sleep disturbance component, while SE and Total Sleep Time (TST) were negatively associated with PSQi sleep disturbance.

An automatic method for identifying the sleep stages from the photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal obtained with a simple finger pulse oximeter was developed, enabling accurate estimation of sleep time and differentiation between sleep stages with a moderate agreement to manual EEG-based scoring.

It is shown that astrocytic Ca2+ signals exhibit distinct features across the sleep-wake cycle and are reduced during sleep compared to wakefulness, and ablation of thisCa2+ signalling pathway impairs slow wave sleep.

This study dealt with the effects of environmental factors on thermal comfort and sleep quality. Based on orthogonal experimental design method, chamber experiments were assigned to conduct nine groups of cases through the combinations of temperature (17°С, 20°С, 23°С), relative humidity (40%, 55%, 70%), and pre-sleep as well as pre-awakening illuminance (30 lux, 90 lux, 150 lux). In each case, environmental perceptions were evaluated and physiological measurements were recorded during the whole nights. After further analysis combining the subjective and objective results, it can be concluded ...

This paper considers the mechanisms that generate and regulate circadian and sleep systems; what happens mechanistically when these systems collapse as a result of societal pressures and disease; how sleep disruption and stress are linked; and how individuals and employers can attempt to mitigate some of the problems associated with working against the authors' internal temporal biology.

This chapter will provide an update on the epidemiological studies linking obesity and OSA, the studies exploring the effects of intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation on the adipose tissue, and current research on new anti-diabetic drugs that could be useful in the treatment of obese OSA patients.

A de-arousal model for sleep initiation is proposed, in which the neuromodulatory milieu necessary forsleep initiation is achieved by engaging in repetitive pre-sleep behaviors that gradually reduce vigilance to the external environment and wake-promoting neurommodulatory tone.

Emerging tools to objectively quantify sleep and its disturbances in the home environment offer great potential to advance clinical care and research, but nascent technologies require further advances and validation prior to widespread application at the interface of sleep and depression.

The aim of this work was to link current understanding about insomnia mechanisms with current knowledge about mental health dysregulatory mechanisms, which represent important challenges in clinical practice on mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders.

REM sleep might, therefore, have a key role in the regulation of temperature and metabolism of the brain during sleep and in the facilitation of alert awakening.

Recommendations are that insomnia is assessed routinely in the occurrence of mental health disorders; that sleep disturbance is treated in services as a problem in its own right, yet also recognised as a pathway to reduce other mental health difficulties; and that access to evidence-based treatment for sleep difficulties is expanded in mental health services.

The role of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein-3 inflammasomes in sleep regulation is described and information about the relationship between cerebral vascular hemodynamics and the electroencephalogram during sleep is presented.

This chapter summarizes the known associations between COVID-19 and sleep dysfunction, including insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, restless legs syndrome and nightmares, as well as obstructive sleep apnea and continuous positive airway pressure treatment during the pandemic.

A novel understanding of sleep's role in human cognitive function is provided by summarizing recent findings and integrating across studies with disparate approaches, which point to an interrelation between brain development, sleep, and cognition.

Low-certainty evidence is found that melatonin doses up to 10 mg may have little or no effect on any major sleep outcome over eight to 10 weeks in people with AD and sleep disturbances.

Combining the compact form factor of a finger ring, multidimensional biometric sensory streams, and machine learning, high accuracy wake-sleep detection and sleep staging can be accomplished.

It is demonstrated that yoga intervention in women can be beneficial when compared to non-active control conditions in term of managing sleep problems and moderator analyses suggest that participants in the non-breast cancer subgroup and participants inThe non-peri/postmenopausal subgroup were associated with greater benefits.

New recommendations are presented regarding noninclined sleep surfaces, short-term emergency sleep locations, use of cardboard boxes as a sleep location, bed sharing, substance use, home cardiorespiratory monitors, and tummy time.

Sleep regularity was a stronger predictor of all-cause mortality than sleep duration, by comparing equivalent mortality models, and by comparing nested SRI-mortality models with and without sleep duration.

CVH scores that include sleep health predicted CVD risk in older US adults and may enhance CVD primordial and primary prevention efforts, and warrant confirmation in larger cohorts over longer follow‐up.