Top Research Papers on Statistics

The research progress of bone destruction participated by JAK / STAT in rheumatoid arthritis and therapeutic effect of JAK/STAT inhibitors were reviewed.

This Review highlights the central roles of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins, notably STAT3, STAT5, STAT6 and STAT1, in orchestrating the highly dynamic metabolism not only of cancer cells but also of immune cells and adipocytes in the tumour microenvironment.

To enhance STAT1 activity and/or inhibit STAT3 functions for COVID-19 treatment is suggested, which might derail the escalating STAT3/PAI-1 cycle central to CO VID-19.

It is posit that dysregulated Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling represents one major hub of tumorigenesis and resistance to medical therapies and that clinical study of its targeted inhibition is warranted, as well as highlighting the lessons learned from historical investigation going forward.

In this review, the current knowledge about the composition, activation, and regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway is discussed and the role of this signaling pathway and its inhibitors in various diseases is highlighted.

It is suggested that Jak1 and Jak2 inhibition may relieve pain in RA caused by inflammatory and non-inflammatory mechanisms and are consistent with the overarching involvement of the Jak-signal transducer and activator of transcription (Jak/STAT) pathway in mediating the action, expression, and regulation of a multitude of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Inflammation being a significant influencer in COVID-19 patients, it drives the focus onto the signaling cascades of the JAK/STAT pathway, which produces various inflammatory markers in the host that determine the disease severity.

The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is an universally expressed intracellular signal transduction pathway and involved in many crucial biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune regulation, which provides a direct mechanism for extracellular factors-regulated gene expression.

New approaches such as selective or gut-specific JAK inhibitors, and a greater understanding of disease-specific mechanisms of action to facilitate personalized approaches to treatment, could improve the risk–benefit profiles of this class of therapy.

The JAK/STAT signaling pathways of various cytokines involved in AA are highlighted and how targeting those pathways may impact disease outcomes in both laboratory and clinical settings is highlighted.

An overview of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 is presented, and the potential efficacy and interactions of these potential targets which are directly affected by the ruxolitinib or JAK/STAT pathway are evaluated.

Findings revealed mechanisms underlying rapid gene expression mediated by a wide variety of extracellular polypeptides including cytokines, interleukins, and related factors, and provided numerous insights into human disease.

The role of Jak–STAT pathways in the pathogenesis of AD is reviewed and updated applications of JAK inhibitors in treating AD are explored.

The role of the JAK/STAT pathway in mechanistic signaling, disease progression, immune environment, and therapeutic targets is discussed.

It is found that plasticity initiates in an epithelial population defined by mixed luminal-basal phenotype and that it depends on increased Janus kinase (JAK) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) activity.

The current understanding of the fundamental composition and function of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway is reviewed and advancements in the understanding of Jak-STAT–related pathogenic mechanisms are discussed.

Evidence indicates that JAK inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies directed to block IL-6 are used as compassionate use to attenuate the excessive inflammation and lung fibrosis related to SARS-CoV-2 virus, and JAK/STAT pathway is an attractive target to be proven in future clinical trials of lung fibrotic disorders.

The roles and mechanisms of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in fibrotic diseases are reviewed, which are closely related to growth and development, homeostasis, various solid tumors, inflammatory illness, and autoimmune diseases.

This review provides a revised framework for understanding the diverse kaleidoscope of STAT protein functional modalities and discusses the implications of this framework for the understanding of STAT proteins in normal blood and immune cell biology and diseases such as cancer.

The possibilities and challenges of targeting the pathway in COVID-19 are reviewed, and JAK inhibition presents an attractive therapeutic strategy for CRS, which is a common cause of adverse clinical outcomes in CO VID-19.

The diverse roles that each STAT family member plays in breast cancer pathobiology are summarized, as well as, the opportunities and challenges in pharmacologically targeting STAT proteins and their upstream activators in the context of breast cancer treatment.

Based on the critical and comprehensive analysis of literature presented in this review, phytochemicals from diverse plant origins exert therapeutic and cancer preventive effects, at least in part, through regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway.

Curcumin is able to enhance the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines and improve inflammatory disorders such as colitis by targeting STAT signaling pathway, and studies show that inhibition of JAK/STAT pathway by curcuming is involved in reduced migration and invasion of cancer cells.

This review expands the understanding of JAK-STAT, moving beyond traditional immunological contexts to explore its role in stress-related disorders and CNS function, elucidating the complex influence of the Jak-STAT pathway on human health and guiding future interventions.

Major advances in the field of JAK-STAT biology are discussed, focusing on updates in genetic diseases and in studies of clinical jakinibs in human disease.

Hemocyte activation and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the site of a sterile injury provide protection to flies on subsequent infection, demonstrating training of the innate immune system.

JAK-STAT inhibitors merit consideration to curb heightened cardiovascular risk in patients with RA and MPNs, with rigorous assessment of the potential benefits and risks, and particularly for potential prothrombotic effects.

Inhibition of STAT proteins appears to show promise for establishing new targets in cancer treatment and the participation of the human papillomavirus associated with the process of cellular malignancy is summarized.

A better understanding of the functionally redundant roles of JAKs and STATs may provide a rationale for improving existing cancer therapies which have deleterious effects on normal cells and to identifying novel targets for therapeutic intervention in solid malignancies.

The recent advances in the potential role of JAK/STAT signaling in neurological diseases are highlighted with a focus on discussing future research directions regarding novel therapeutic approaches and predictive biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease.

In insights into the mechanism of VDR dysfunction leading to dysbiosis and tumorigenesis are provided, which indicates a new target — microbiome and VDR for prevention of cancer.

Findings suggest that circSPARC might serve as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for CRC treatment by regulating JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

It is demonstrated that the hypercytokinemia of HLH reduces the apoptotic potential of CD8 T cells leading to relative DEX resistance, thereby sensitizing CD8T cells to DEX-induced apoptosis in vitro and significantly reducing tissue immunopathology and HLH disease manifestations in vivo.

SARS-CoV-2 is able to efficiently block STAT1 and STAT2 nuclear translocation in order to impair transcriptional induction of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs).

"Statistical Inference is a delightfully modern text on statistical theory and deserves serious consideration from every teacher of a graduate- or advanced undergraduate-level first course in statistical theory. . . Chapters 1-5 provide plenty of interesting examples illustrating either the basic concepts of probability or the basic techniques of finding distribution. . . The book has unique features [throughout Chapters 6-12] for example, I have never seen in any comparable text such extensive discussion of ancillary statistics [Ch. 6], including Basu's theorem, dealing with the independence ...

This book provides the necessary prerequisites in probability and statistics as well as the key ideas in decision theory. It is helpful to students and practitioners who desire to apply decision-theoretic thinking to their own work.

Statistical Rethinking: A Bayesian Course with Examples in R and Stan builds your knowledge of and confidence in making inferences from data. Reflecting the need for scripting in today's model-based statistics, the book pushes you to perform step-by-step calculations that are usually automated. This unique computational approach ensures that you understand enough of the details to make reasonable choices and interpretations in your own modeling work. The text presents causal inference and generalized linear multilevel models from a simple Bayesian perspective that builds on information theory ...

This book explains how the computer programs work and why and when they can be applied to problems in toxicology. It discusses the statistical models used and their applications in a general fashion. The book overviews the problems that can arise from the blind use of the statistical models.

There are numerous probability distributions or density functions. Empirical distributions rarely go by the name of densities. The normal density has figured prominent in the history of statistics largely because it serves as a useful model for many phenomena, and also because it provides a very convenient starting point for much work in theoretical statistics. The chi-square distribution plays an important role in mathematical statistics and is associated with a number of tests on model coefficients in a variety of statistical methods. The chi-square goodness-of-fit test is one such statistic...

It is concluded that ruxolitinib is active across various P TCL subtypes and support a precision therapy approach to JAK/STAT inhibition in patients with PTCL.