Mental Health Burden of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Germany: Predictors of Mental Health Impairment
There have been changes in mental health and health status at an individual level since the outbreak of COVID-19, and the observed predictors should be addressed in order to maintain mental health.
Abstract
<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction:</jats:title><jats:p> COVID-19 is causing an enormous psychological burden for most people. This study aims to assess individual changes in mental health and health status before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, and to explore potential predictors of change. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:</jats:title><jats:p> A cross-sectional study in Germany (n = 15 037) were conducted. Demographics, depression and anxiety symptoms (PHQ-2, GAD-2), distress (DT), and health status (EQ-5D-3L) were assessed. Additionally, all instruments used were adapted to measure the participants’ mental health and health status before the COVID-19 outbreak. COVID-19-related fear, trust in governmental actions to face COVID-19, and the subjective level of information about COVID-19 were examined. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:</jats:title><jats:p> Overall, the participants showed a significant increase in depression and anxiety symptoms, and distress, while health status deteriorated since the COVID-19 outbreak. Impairment in mental health was predicted by COVID-19-related fear. Pre-existing mental illness predicted an increase in depression symptoms and a deterioration in health status. Trust in governmental actions and the subjective level of information predicted less increase in psychological burden. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:</jats:title><jats:p> Our data revealed that there have been changes in mental health and health status at an individual level since the outbreak of COVID-19. In order to maintain mental health, the observed predictors should be addressed. </jats:p></jats:sec>