A systematic and critical review of green hydrogen economy in India
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Abstract
Green hydrogen is one of the attractive alternatives to the current carbon-based energy system. It can be produced from diverse renewable resources and used as a carbon-free energy carrier for industrial, residential, and transport purposes. This study uses a systematic and critical review of previous studies on green hydrogen economy using multiple databases like Scopus and Web of Science, and other published sources. This study critically analyses green hydrogen value chain of India. Further, this study proposes the key areas where green hydrogen can be strategically applied as a potent economic and political tool for creating smart and sustainable cities and societies. The study recommends policy directives that will be beneficial to the key stakeholders like government, industry partners, and research institutions. India needs action centric approaches for green hydrogen demand creation in key strategic sectors like shipping, road transport, steel, fertiliser, refinery, and other industries. Government should provide strategic support and financial incentives for commercial production of green hydrogen. A robust green hydrogen value chain will create additional job opportunities, reduce fossil fuel import dependency, lower trade deficit, eliminate energy poverty, enhance energy inclusion, cut down greenhouse gas emissions, and improve energy governance.