Top Research Papers on Biology

In this review, recent discoveries related to biological phase separation including stress granule formation, chromatin regulation, and processes in the origin and evolution of life are evaluated.

Development Biology presents exciting developments in this field. The first few chapters look at patterns and processes of becoming and provides a framework for understanding animal development. The text then turns to an examination of gametogenesis and fertilization. The next few chapters tackle early development: cleavage, gastrulation, and axis formation. There follow chapters about building with ectoderm and building with mesoderm and endoderm. The next few chapters cover postembryonic development. Finally, the last part looks at development in wider context including an examination of dev...

The current understanding of the RANKL-RANK-OPG system in the context of the bone and the immune system as well as the impact of this pathway in disease conditions, including cancer development and metastasis are summarized.

Together, these sequelae of urate are thought to mediate most of the physiological effects of hyperuricemia and gout, illustrating this biologically active molecule is more than just an "end-product" of purine metabolism.

Both the 'traditional' and emerging roles for Cu in biology and the many ways in which Cu intersects with human health are introduced.

Thoroughly referenced and generously illustrated, this book discusses all aspects of cycadology. A small group of ancient palmlike seed plants noted for their beautiful foliage and often brightly colored cones and seeds, cycads are believed to have been among the first seed-bearing plants. Seed bearing was the basis for their worldwide dominance from about 300 million years ago to about 70 million years ago, when today's familiar flowering plants gained ascendancy. In recent years, interest in cycads has increased, partly as a result of the need for a more complete identification of the range ...

Grading of frailty is a demonstrably, clinically, and research-relevant proxy estimate of biological age, and biomarkers can supplement this approach by identifying accelerated aging before it is clinically apparent.

It is fitting for plant synthetic biologists to establish the CaMV 35S promoter as a quantitative reference standard for transcription activity in plants — all other promoters would have their activity expressed relative to CaMv 35S.

In a series of sixteen chapters written by leading evolutionary biologists working on urban drivers of evolution, Urban Evolutionary Biology is the first academic book in the field and synthesizes current knowledge on evolutionary processes occurring literally on the authors' doorstep, across the globe, and in each city independently.

How cellular ferritin localization is tightly linked to its function in a tissue-specific manner, and how impairment of iron homeostasis is implicated in diseases including cancer and COVID-19 are discussed.

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A major new direction developed in the book is that game theory can be extended by incorporating behavioural mechanisms, including mechanisms of reinforcement learning, which can successfully describe important phenomena like social dominance in group-living animals that previously have been difficult to model.

The role of earthworms in soil structure, fertility and productivity, and the influence of environmental factors on earthworms are described.

The Different Types of Chondrocytes and Their Function In Vivo and the In Vitro Approach to the Study of Biological Regulation are presented.

Abstract The 1st edition of the textbook Biological Wastewater Treatment: Principles, Modelling and Design was published in 2008 and it went on to become IWA Publishing's bestseller to date. In 2020, the 2nd updated and extended edition of the textbook was published because, since 2008, the knowledge and understanding of wastewater treatment had advanced extensively and moved further away from empirically-based approaches to a fundamental first-principles approach based on chemistry, microbiology, physical and bioprocess engineering, mathematics and modelling. The updated edition has already b...

PHYLOGENY AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY The Origin and Relationships of Early Chondrichthyes, Eileen D. Grogan and Richard Lund Historical Zoogeography of the Selachii, John A. Musick, Melanie M. Harbin, and Leonard .J.V. Compagno Phylogeny of Batoidea, John D. McEachran and Neil Aschliman Phylogeny and Classification of Extant Holocephali, Dominique A. Didier FORM, FUNCTION, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES Biomechanics of Locomotion in Sharks, Rays, and Chimeras, Cheryl A.D. Wilga and G. Lauder Prey Capture Behavior and Feeding Mechanics of Elasmobranchs, Philip J. Motta Metabolism, Energetic Demand, and Endo...

This book is a lucid, straightforward introduction to the concepts and techniques of statistical physics that students of biology, biochemistry, and biophysics must know.

The book is intended for students studying medical and biological specialties. CHAPTER I. EPIGENETICS INTRODUCTION The science of epigenetics looks at the mechanisms of molecular modifications of histones and DNA that can regulate gene activity without affecting the nucleotide sequences in the DNA molecule. Recognized epigenetic regulators are DNA methylation, post-translational modifications of histones, and non-coding RNAs (nkRNAs). One of the most important differences between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotes is the presence of a complex nucleo-protein chromatin complex in eukaryotes. It is...

Preface. Part One: Evolution and Development, Phyla and Fossils. 1. Evolution and Development: Terms and Concepts. 2. Types of Animals: Kingdoms, Phyla, Relationships. 3. Fossils of the Burgess Shale. Part Two: Form and Function, Embryos and Evolution, Inheritance Systems. 4. Types and the Geoffroy-Cuvier Debates: a Crossroads in Evolutionary Morphology. 5. Embryological Archetypes and Homology: Establishing Evolutionary Embryology. 6. Bauplane, Constraints and Basic Phases of Development. 7. Inheritance Systems: Zygotic, Maternal, Epigenetic. Part Three: Embryos in Development. 8. Model Organ...

Introduction to Saline Environments (Francisco Rodriguez-Valera), Ecology of Extremely Halophilic Microorganisms (Aharon Oren).

The discovery of PCSK9, its structure–function characteristics, and its presently known and proposed novel biological functions are reviewed, namely its implication in septic shock, vascular inflammation, viral infections, and immune checkpoint modulation in cancer via the regulation of the cell surface levels of the T-cell receptor and MHC-I.

Activity and safety of cabozantinib in osteosarcoma were studied, as well as sorafenib and pazopanib, and novel bifunctional molecules, of potential imaging and osteosARcoma targeting applications may be used in the future.

Preface (E. Bonucci). Dynamics of Calcium Phosphate Precipitation (E.D. Eanes). Role of Collagen Fibrils in Calcification (E. Bonucci). Role of Proteoglycans in Calcification (N. Shepard). Role of Lipids in Osteogenesis: Cell Signaling and Matrix Calcification (R. Dziak). Role of Matrix Vesicles in Calcification (J. Sela, Z. Schwartz, L.D. Swain, and B.D. Boyan). Cell Mediated Calcification In Vitro (P. Gehron Robey). Mechanisms of Microbial Mineralization (B.D. Boyan, L.D. Swain, and M.M. Everett). Calcification of Spicules in the Sea Urchin Embryo (S.C. Benson and F.H. Wilt). Mechanisms of M...

An Overview of the Biology of Trematodes, B.W. Haseeb and B.P. Thompson Host Recognition by Trematode Miracidia and Cercariae, W.M. Tielens Trem atode Neurobiology, D.G. Maule, and C.J. Shaw Immunobiology of Trem atodes in Vertebrate Hosts.

To understand the extent of this 'biodiversity crisis' and develop strategies to ameliorate its impact, it is essential to be able to accurately measure biological diversity and make informed predictions about how and why this diversity varies over space and time.

This review aims to provide a summary of current understanding on the behaviour of lysosomes during autophagy and outline unexplored areas of autophagosome research, which include chaperone-mediated and microautophagy.

This Review considers how the accumulation of membrane lipid peroxides leads to the execution of ferroptosis by altering ion transport across the plasma membrane and highlights transcriptional master regulators that integrate the functions of different pathways and organelles to modulate ferroptosis sensitivity globally.

The structure, ligands, signalling modes and functions of TREMs in humans and mice are reviewed, and the challenges that remain in understanding TREM biology are discussed.

It is argued that understanding the structural constraints underlying RPA allows us to look past implementation details and offers a compelling means to unravel regulatory biological complexity.

The aim of this review is to describe the most recent advances in the design of composites between polydopamine and related eumelanin like materials with biomolecules like proteins, nucleotides, oligosaccharides and lipid assemblies.

The utility and limitations of chemical probes that have been used to analyze and perturb ferroptosis, as well as mechanistic studies of ferroPTosis that benefitted from the use of these probes and genetic screens are described.

It is proposed that the evolved mechanisms of health are distinct from disease pathogenesis mechanisms and suggested that the authors develop an understanding of the biology of physiological health to complement their understanding of disease and its treatment.

This Review focuses on the shape, internal organization and surface structures that are characteristic of archaeal cells as well as membrane remodelling, cell growth and division, and discusses the state of the art and future research directions.

It is demonstrated that interexciton coherences are too short lived to have any functional significance in photosynthetic energy transfer and this work revise the interpretation of coherence signals in photosynthesis systems and leads to a more detailed understanding of the quantum aspects of dissipation.

A new, updated edition of the 1979 classic from one of the foremost authors in cognitive science and theoretical biology, with the original text as well as more than 200 citations to current scientific developments. Francisco Varela’s Principles of Biological Autonomy was a groundbreaking text when it was first published in 1979, putting forth a novel theory of how living systems produce and maintain themselves. This new edition, edited and annotated by cognitive scientists Ezequiel Di Paolo and Evan Thompson—revised and complemented with introductory essays for each part of the book—contains ...

AlphaFold is the most ground-breaking application of AI in science so far; it will revolutionize structural biology, but caution is warranted.

Draft metadata guidelines to begin addressing the needs of diverse communities within light and electron microscopy and the proposed Recommended Metadata for Biological Images (REMBI) will stimulate discussions about their implementation and future extension are proposed.

Hybrid processes, featuring biological conversion of lignocellulose to small molecules followed by chemo-catalytic conversion to larger molecules suitable for difficult-to-electrify transport modes, are a promising route to biomass-derived fuels in demand for climate stabilization.

This review updates the current state of understanding of the classification, enzymatic properties, and biological functions of various enzymes belonging to the PLA2 superfamily, focusing particularly on the novel roles of PLA2s in vivo.

Overall, male animals appear to have more inflamed yet smaller plaques compared to female animals, and the notion that rather than plaque size, plaque inflammation may be more relevant in assessing sex-specific mechanisms since the findings correlate with the sex difference in ischemic events and mortality and thus might be more reflective of the human condition is supported.