Top Research Papers on Blockchain

This article studies and analyzes how blockchain oracles provide final feedback to smart contracts and survey blockchain oracle technologies and mechanisms regarding data integrity and correctness and investigates their structure and principles by classifying the Blockchain oracle implementation techniques into two major groups voting-based strategies and reputation-based ones.

It is contended that blockchain may be fueling the renewable energy and powering the authors' energy sustainability, and the possible future development trend of energy blockchain is offered.

Blockchain technology is a ground breaking disruptive technology in production and logistics systems. However, how it affects logistics and production over the past years as well as what should be examined next remain unclear. This paper fills this gap by first discussing the evolution of blockchain (from Blockchain 1.0 to Blockchain 5.0). Then, we examine the related production and logistics management literature and highlight the current states of knowledge in the field. We review in more details the analytical and empirical studies and uncover the research methods, topics, insights and impl...

The findings indicated that the integration challenges influencing the effective operations of blockchain, AI, and IoT as a single system involve security, scalability, accountability, and trust of communications.

This article serves to address research gaps by conducting semi-structured interviews with 18 informants who have had at least three years of project experience with blockchain-enabled exchanges to uncover three unique aspects of blockchain that enable trust in exchange vs. a traditional exchange.

Blockchain technologies have generated enthusiasm, yet their potential to enable new forms of governance remains largely unexplored. Two confronting standpoints dominate the emergent debate around blockchain-based governance: discourses characterized by the presence of techno-determinist and market-driven values, which tend to ignore the complexity of social organization; and critical accounts of such discourses which, while contributing to identifying limitations, consider the role of traditional centralized institutions as inherently necessary to enable democratic forms of governance. In thi...

A survey focusing on sharding in Blockchains in a systematic and comprehensive way, with detailed comparison and quantitative evaluation of major sharding mechanisms, along with insights analyzing the features and restrictions of the existing solutions.

Since Facebook officially changed its name to Meta in Oct. 2021, the metaverse has become a new norm of social networks and three-dimensional (3D) virtual worlds. The metaverse aims to bring 3D immersive and personalized experiences to users by leveraging many pertinent technologies. Despite great attention and benefits, a natural question in the metaverse is how to secure its users' digital content and data. In this regard, blockchain is a promising solution owing to its distinct features of decentralization, immutability, and transparency. To better understand the role of blockchain in the m...

A blockchain consists of an ordered list with nodes and links where the nodes store information and are connected through links called chains, which supports the availability of a public ledger.

A homomorphic encryption-based Blockchain for circuit copyright protection that effectively addresses the issues in the protection of circuit copyright transactions, such as low security of private data, low efficiency in transaction data storage, cooperation and supervision.

This paper focuses on sharding as a promising first layer solution to the scalability issue and proposes a taxonomy based on committee formation and intra-committee consensus, and presents a performance-based comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages in existing scalability solutions.

Current state of the art on post-quantum cryptosystems and how they can be applied to blockchains and DLTs are studied, as well as their main challenges.

In recent years of development, the interest in Blockchain technology and the essentials of its application have made it popular. The efficiency and availability of this technology have made it a widely accepted technology. Blockchain technology has completely changed the present-day concept of centralization. Different methodologies are used for the purpose of interfacing and monitoring the transactions in blockchain technology. Decentralization, immutability, transparency, and peer to-peer communication help to address the current trends effectively. This paper presents a comprehensive surve...

This paper surveyed the mainstream consensus algorithms systematically, which is classified into five categories according to its leader election model, i.e., election-based, proof- based, randomness-based , committee-based and hybrid.

The article traces the evolution of blockchain, from its inception in cryptocurrency to its development as a versatile tool with diverse potential applications, and explores fundamentals of block chain systems, its limitations, various applications, applicability etc.

There is a need for a systematic literature review of educational projects based on the blockchain, and the artistic gap between the two is reviewed, to improve the implementation of technology in the field of education by using the blockchain feature.

This paper reviews the use of blockchain in several interesting fields, namely: finance, healthcare, information systems, wireless networks, Internet of Things, smart grids, governmental services, and military/defense, and identifies the challenges to overcome.

Blockchain technology can shape innovation and competition in digital platforms, but under what conditions is it effective and efficient?

An overview of the characteristics, mode of operation, and applications of blockchains in various domains such as transportation, commerce and industry, privacy and security, the financial sector, government, education, healthcare, and the Internet of Things (IoT) is provided.

Blockchains are a key disruptive technology of recent times with applications across several application domains such as finance, supply chain, healthcare and Industry 4.0. With growing application types, scalability of blockchains has emerged as a key challenge in achieving the potential of this technology. This paper attempts to outline this challenge for blockchains as follows. It highlights blockchain scalability as a composite concept which can be interpreted in various ways i.e. expanding the number of participants of the network, or enhancing capabilities of the participants (such as pr...

The results show that diffusion is reaching a final stage for permissionless blockchains but is lagging behind for permissioned blockchains due to the different barriers and drivers of diffusion.

This paper attempts to cover the existing scaling solutions for blockchain and classify them by level and makes comparisons between different methods and list some potential directions for solving the scalability problem of blockchain.

In this paper, we provide detailed analyses of the Bitcoin network and its main participants.We build a novel database using a large number of public and proprietary sources to link Bitcoin addresses to real entities and develop an extensive suite of algorithms to extract information about the behavior of the main market participants.We conduct three major pieces of analysis of the Bitcoin eco-system.First, we analyze the transaction volume and network structure of the main participants on the blockchain.Second, we document the concentration and regional composition of the miners which are the...

The application of blockchain technology for securing cloud storage is reviewed, which provides significant inputs in the search for the ideal approach to storing and processing cloud data.

This survey will help healthcare professionals, decision makers, and healthcare service developers to gain technical and intuitive insights into the security and privacy of healthcare blockchains in terms of concepts, risks, requirements, development and deployment technologies and systems.

The trade-off between protecting sensitive information and increasing process efficiency through smart contracts is illustrated, to which extent permissioned blockchains and novel applications of cryptographic technologies can help overcome the transparency challenge and thus act as catalysts for blockchain adoption and diffusion in organizations.

This paper takes into account the following application scenarios: end-to-end verifiable electronic voting, healthcare records management, identity management systems, access control systems, decentralized notary (with a focus on intellectual property protection) and supply chain management.

A thorough survey of state-of-the-art blockchain surveys published in the past 5 years is performed by identifying and classifying the most recent high-quality research outputs that are closely related to the theoretical findings and essential mechanisms of blockchain systems and networks.

A cluster analysis from the keyword perspective was carried out to obtain emerging trends and frontiers of blockchain research and showed that future research should concentrate on management, blockchain technology, energy, machine learning, and smart home.

A comprehensive review and analysis of the major security and privacy issues of Bitcoin and blockchain, the major challenges, and opportunities in utilizing the technology, and three types of Bitcoin wallets in terms of security, types of services, and their tradeoffs.

This survey summarizes the state-of-the-art blockchain consensus protocols and presents the existing blockchain protocols in the categories of proof-based protocols, committee- based protocols, and other miscellaneous protocols.

This study presents Agri-SCM-BIoT (Agriculture Supply Chain Management using Blockchain and Internet of things) architecture to address the storage and scalability optimization, interoperability, security and privacy issues security, and privacy of personal data along with storage concerns with present single-chain agriculture supply chain systems.

Comprehensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed efficient and large-scale batch verification scheme with group testing technology based on ECDSA outperforms the related E CDSA batch verification schemes.

This work presents an improved blockchain-based approach to achieve the objective of monitoring the reduction of carbon emissions and proposes a comprehensive three-stage hierarchical blockchain framework that employs smart contracts in Blockchain of Things (BoT) to ensure integrity in the system and reach fair trade status.

This article provides a comprehensive survey on zero-knowledge proof in the environment of blockchain with the aim of highlighting security problems and challenges and proposes a framework of ZKP in the environments of blockchain.

The key blockchain-in-education applications discussed are the digitalization and decentralization of educational certifications and the enhancement and motivation for lifelong learning.

The evaluation suggests that the proof-of-concept blockchain-based e-learning platform developed to increase transparency in assessments and facilitate curriculum personalisation in a higher education context could increase trust in online education providers, assessment procedures, education history and credentials.

The proposed mechanism realizes improving the mining utility in mining networks while ensuring the maximum profit of edge cloud operator under the proposed mechanism, mining networks obtain 6.86% more profits on average.

With the development of blockchain and digital currencies, central banks all over the world are accelerating the process of CBDC development. However, it is still controversial on adoption of blockchain in CBDC design. In the paper, we analyze both functional and non-functional requirements of CBDC design, and make a literature review on blockchain based CBDC schemes. Analysis findings show that permissioned blockchain is more suitable for CBDC than permissionless blockchain. Besides, there are some challenges in blockchain based CBDC, such as performance, scalability, and cross-chain interope...

A comprehensive discussion of integrating the IoT system with blockchain technology and the impact of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) on both IoT and blockchain is presented.