Top Research Papers on Dopamine

D dopamine receptors expressed in the brain are decreased, thereby reducing interest in activities not already stamped in by habitual rewards, and most addictive drugs cause elevations in extracellular levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine.

Parkinson resting tremor can be divided into 3 partially overlapping phenotypes, based on the dopamine response, which may be associated with different underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms, requiring a different therapeutic approach.

The aims of this review were to discuss and explain the role of dopamine and explore its physiology and specificity in Parkinson's disease, as well as its role in other physiological functions.

Abstract Addictive drugs are habit-forming. Addiction is a learned behavior; repeated exposure to addictive drugs can stamp in learning. Dopamine-depleted or dopamine-deleted animals have only unlearned reflexes; they lack learned seeking and learned avoidance. Burst-firing of dopamine neurons enables learning—long-term potentiation (LTP)—of search and avoidance responses. It sets the stage for learning that occurs between glutamatergic sensory inputs and GABAergic motor-related outputs of the striatum; this learning establishes the ability to search and avoid. Independent of burst-firing, the...

This review comprehensively assesses the current knowledge of dopaminergic immunomodulation and the role of dopamine in disease pathogenesis at the cellular and tissue level and prompts the development of therapeutics and strategies targeted toward ameliorating disease through dopamine regulation of immunity.

The biosynthesis of dopamine is described, as well as its role in plant growth and development, and endogenous or exogenously applied dopamine improved the tolerance against several abiotic stresses, such as drought, salt, and nutrient stress.

Dopamine detection focusing on the molecular recognition methods including enzymes, antibodies, and aptamers, as well as new advances based on nanomaterials and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are discussed, promising rapid detection and increased selectivity.

The evidence indicates that impaired dopamine release can result from disruption to a diverse range of Parkinson’s disease-associated genetic and molecular disturbances, and can be considered as a potential pathophysiological hallmark of Parkinson's disease.

The findings reveal that the midbrain dopamine system contains subsystems that track different modalities and stages of ingestion, on timescales from seconds to tens of minutes, and that this information is used to drive learning about the consequences of ingestion.

The domain-overlap model is proposed, in which release and receptors are arranged relative to one another in micrometre-scale structures, which enables the activation of receptor subsets that are within micromets-scale domains of release sites during baseline activity and broader receptor activation with domain overlap when firing is synchronized across dopamine neuron populations.

A pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and decreased dopamine content in the substantia nigra pars compacta in PD brains, and recent discoveries on DA-linked pathophysiologic pathways are highlighted.

The materials (metals and metal oxides, carbon materials, polymers) that are frequently used for the electrochemical biosensing of dopamine and point out their respective advantages and drawbacks are reviewed.

An algorithm for retrospective causal learning was developed and it was found that mesolimbic dopamine release conveys causal associations but not RPE, thereby challenging the dominant theory of reward learning.

Converging evidence indicates that genetic and environmental risk factors for schizophrenia underlie disruption of glutamatergic and dopaminergic function, however, while genetic influences may directly underlie glutamatorgic dysfunction, few genetic risk variants directly implicate the dopamine system, indicating that aberrant dopamine signalling is likely to be predominantly due to other factors.

This review discusses how dopaminergic, serotonin, and endocannabinoid systems interact at the cellular and circuit levels, and the potential relevance for motivated behavior.

Rapid phasic activity of midbrain dopamine neurons is thought to signal reward prediction errors (RPEs), resembling temporal difference errors used in machine learning. However, recent studies describing slowly increasing dopamine signals have instead proposed that they represent state values and arise independent from somatic spiking activity. Here we developed experimental paradigms using virtual reality that disambiguate RPEs from values. We examined dopamine circuit activity at various stages, including somatic spiking, calcium signals at somata and axons, and striatal dopamine concentrati...

A major challenge is to reconcile RPE theory with other current theories of dopamine function to account for dopamine's role in movement, motivation, and goal-directed planning.

The development of more reliable biomarkers at asymptomatic stages of the disease, and the use of genetic profiling of patients will surely permit a more effective treatment of PD.

The dopamine system and the circuits that regulate it, focusing on the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, thalamic nuclei, and medial septum, and the impact of stress are discussed.

This study illustrates that adhesiveness can be regulated by changing the degree of dopamine substitution, and shows that this tunable Gel-dop adhesives are to non-cytotoxic, indicating a potential use in clinic applications.

The findings show that striatal neuromodulatory dynamics are autonomously organized by distributed extra-striatal afferents, and provides evidence that periodic fluctuations in striatal DA are inherited from midbrain DANs, while striatal ACh transients are driven by glutamatergic inputs, which act to locally synchronize the spiking of CINs.

A more comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of how sex differences in dopamine function manifest will be particularly important in developing evidence-based therapeutics that target this system and show efficacy in both sexes.

Abstract The dopamine transporter (DAT) transports extracellular dopamine into the intracellular space contributing to the regulation of dopamine neurotransmission. A reduction of DAT density is implicated in Parkinson’s disease (PD) by neuroimaging; dopamine turnover is dopamine turnover is elevated in early symptomatic PD and in presymptomatic individuals with monogenic mutations causal for parkinsonism. As an integral plasma membrane protein, DAT surface expression is dynamically regulated through endocytic trafficking, enabling flexible control of dopamine signaling in time and space, whic...

This review aims to explain challenges related to DA detection using different techniques, and to summarize and highlight recent advancements in materials used and approaches applied for several sensor surface modification for the monitoring of DA.

Recent advances in the understanding of molecularly defined mDA neuron subtypes and their circuits are discussed, ranging from early developmental events, such as neuron migration and axon guidance, to their wiring and function, and future implications for therapeutic strategies.

It is suggested that a developmental facet may play a key role in establishing vulnerability or resilience to environmental stimuli and experience in distinct dopamine circuits, shifting the balance between healthy brain development and susceptibility to psychiatric disease.

In vitro analysis showed that dopamine modification improved the cell survival and cell adhesion and this strategy of modified chitosan with dopamine undergoing a high mechanical properties, excellent cell compatibility and antioxidant performance, providing a new insight into repairing spinal cord injury.

A dynamic relationship between dopamine and acetylcholine during decision-making is uncovered, and multiple modes of CIN regulation are revealed, deepening the understanding of the neurochemical basis of decision-making and behaviour.

It is shown that dopamine signals from the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra control the encoding of cue–reward association rules in layer 2a fan cells of the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC), and that LEC dopamine facilitates the incorporation of new memories into this map.

Red and yellow versions of the genetically encoded dopamine sensor dLight1 have been developed and allow multiplexed imaging of dopamine with neurotransmitter or cell-type-specific calcium combined with green sensors or actuators, as demonstrated ex vivo and in behaving rodents.

It is shown that tone reward conditioning induces marked stimulus generalization in a manner that depends on dopamine D1 receptors (D1Rs) in the nucleus accumbens of mice, and that discrimination learning refines the conditioning using a dopamine dip.

Abstract Recent success in training artificial agents and robots derives from a combination of direct learning of behavioural policies and indirect learning through value functions 1–3 . Policy learning and value learning use distinct algorithms that optimize behavioural performance and reward prediction, respectively. In animals, behavioural learning and the role of mesolimbic dopamine signalling have been extensively evaluated with respect to reward prediction 4 ; however, so far there has been little consideration of how direct policy learning might inform our understanding 5 . Here we used...

Dopamine receptors are expressed in almost any cell of the immune system where dopamine regulates various processes, such as antigen presentation, T-cell activation, and inflammation, and likely immune cell-mediated linkage opens up a new perspective for the use of dopamine-related drugs, i.e., agonist–antagonist–allosteric modulators of dopamine receptors, in a variety of diseases.

A computational model is devised that explains the emergence of hallucination-like percepts as a consequence of faulty perceptual inference when prior expectations outweigh sensory evidence and can serve as a translational model of psychotic symptoms.

An account of dopamine-based reinforcement learning inspired by recent artificial intelligence research on distributional reinforcement learning is proposed, suggesting that the brain represents possible future rewards not as a single mean of stochastic outcomes, as in the canonical model, but instead as a probability distribution.

All the possible conjugation mechanisms and reactions for this promising dopamine and zwitterion conjugations are discussed and how this conjugated system significantly contributes to the development of non-fouling surfaces along with the other applications.

Clinical measures of symptoms of Parkinson's disease after surgery stabilized or improved at 18 to 24 months after implantation, and positron-emission tomography with the use of fluorine-18-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine suggested graft survival.

The use of fiber photometry is used to characterize dopamine responses to inconsequential familiar and novel stimuli and it is shown that CS-evoked dopamine promotes conditioned responses, suggesting that Pavlovian conditioning is influenced by CS dopamine, in addition to US reward prediction errors.

A wirelessly operated, miniaturized microprobe system for optical interrogation and neurochemical sensing in the deep brain and the presented options for material and device integrations provide a practical route to simultaneous optical control and electrochemical sensing of complex nervous systems.

A computational architecture in which striatal dopamine waves are sculpted by inference about agency and provide a mechanism to direct credit assignment to specialized striatal subregions is proposed.