Top Research Papers on Game Theory

Table of Contents: Combinatorial games Short games The structure of G Impartial games Misere play Loopy games Temperature theory Transfinite games Open problems Mathematical prerequisites A finite loopfree history Bibliography Glossary of notation Author index Index of games Index

How game theoretic solution concepts inform what classes of problems will be amenable to artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML), and how to evolve the interaction between human and artificial intelligence is illustrated.

Each member of a group chooses a position and has preferences regarding his chosen position. The group’s harmony depends on the profile of chosen positions meeting a specific condition. We analyse a solution concept (Richter and Rubinstein, 2020) based on a permissible set of individual positions, which plays a role analogous to that of prices in competitive equilibrium. Given the permissible set, members choose their most preferred position. The set is tightened if the chosen positions are inharmonious and relaxed if the restrictions are unnecessary. This new equilibrium concept yields more...

Netflix’s dystopian Korean-language drama series Squid Game (2021) is used to illustrate an active learning technique to support the teaching of game theory in undergraduate courses, and a menu of quick teaching scenes and extended teaching guides are provided.

The popularity of evolutionary game theory rests not only on its explanatory power, but also on the intuitive character of its models.

This article presents one way forward, merging indigenous thought from the Nahua of Mexico and the Chicano movement with game design principles, and presents a series of exercises to challenge the way designers think about games.

The use of Generative Pre-trained Transformers in strategic game experiments, specifically the ultimatum game and the prisoner's dilemma, shows the potential of GPT as a valuable tool in social science research, especially in experimental studies and social simulations.

The article points out the advantages and disadvantages of evolutionary game analysis in the research of institutional change and through the comparison of cutting-edge methods and evolutionary games to see the development direction of future research institutional changes.

It is proved that an equilibrium point exists between two Morabaraba strategies and shown that for fixed utility values using a game matrix, there exists an equilibrium Point for which the strategy of both players remains unchanged.

Game theory implies the logic of problematic situations with solutions through mathematical calculation. Since 1944, the game theory has been applied to military decisions, educational materials, and to find methods for complicated circumstances. The equilibria, different strategies to maximize surplus, and analysis of games could be inferred to assist players. The dominant strategy is the esse.ntial portion of the research to the game where the choice results in the best payoffs not affected by the other players' decisions. Closely connected to the dominant strategy, the Nash equilibrium repr...

The textbook discusses the basic concepts of classical game theory in a simple and accessible form and presents its applications in the practice of decision-making. Particular attention is paid to the logic of game-theoretic analysis of economic situations that require quantitative justification of decisions. The considered game models and methods of their research, including logical and mathematical apparatus, have distinct and understandable economic applications for undergraduate students. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest g...

This one-day workshop offers a comprehensive understanding of the application of game theory in the complex world of international politics. Ideal for PhD students, academics, and professional researchers, the seminar provides invaluable insights, knowledge, and skills to enhance their analytical capabilities and understanding of game theory in their research.

Game theory is the science of interaction. This textbook, derived from courses taught by the author and developed over several years, is a comprehensive, straightforward introduction to the mathematics of non-cooperative games. It teaches what every game theorist should know: the important ideas and results on strategies, game trees, utility theory, imperfect information, and Nash equilibrium. The proofs of these results, in particular existence of an equilibrium via fixed points, and an elegant direct proof of the minimax theorem for zero-sum games, are presented in a self-contained, accessib...

What advantages can be gained by players by quantumizing such a game, particularly, what additional Nash Equilibria the players can achieve and the Pareto-Optimality of these additional equilibria.

This paper formally defines games in which one player can simulate another at a cost, and derive some basic properties of such games, and proves a number of results, including that introducing simulation into generic-payoff normal-form games makes them easier to solve.

This article summarizes game theory concepts and categorizes the common game models for ease of understanding for the reader, and focuses on analyzing solutions proposed in resource allocation, task scheduling, node selection, quality of service, and network security.

Taking the player's snobbery into consideration, it is proved the mixing revenue model existing equilibrium in a two-stage Stackelberg model provides theoretical support in the design of the revenue model of the free-to-play games.

Stochastic games are have an element of chance: the state of the next round is determined probabilistically depending upon players' actions and the current state. Successful players need to balance the need for short-term payoffs while ensuring future opportunities remain high. The various techniques needed to analyze these often highly non-trivial games are a showcase of attractive mathematics, including methods from probability, differential equations, algebra, and combinatorics. This book presents a course on the theory of stochastic games going from the basics through to topics of modern r...

A succinct review of attempts in the literature to use game theory to model decision-making scenarios relevant to defence applications, and classifies existing literature in terms of the kind of warfare modelled, the types of games used, and the players involved.

This paper attempts to provide a sketch of game theory for those whose prime concern is gaming.

This work relaxes the perfect rationality agent assumption to the classic quantal response model, a more realistic behavior model of bounded rationality, and shows that the smooth property brought by such bounded rationality model actually leads to provably more efficient learning of the follower utility parameters in general Stackelberg games.

Now in its second edition, this popular textbook on game theory is unrivalled in the breadth of its coverage, the thoroughness of technical explanations and the number of worked examples included. Covering non-cooperative and cooperative games, this introduction to game theory includes advanced chapters on auctions, games with incomplete information, games with vector payoffs, stable matchings and the bargaining set. This edition contains new material on stochastic games, rationalizability, and the continuity of the set of equilibrium points with respect to the data of the game. The material i...

The new approach combines the single deep counterfactual regret minimization approach with the baseline network to achieve a better performance than the benchmark in poker and provides the possibility for the extension to real life.

It is shown that the set of totally mixed CI equilibria i.e., the restriction of the Spohn CI variety to the open probability simplex is a smooth semialgebraic manifold for a generic game $X$ with binary choices.

The Cryptographic and Game Theory worlds seem to have an intersection in that they both deal with an interaction between mutually distrustful parties which has some end result. In the cryptographic setting the multiparty interaction takes the shape of a set of parties communicating for the purpose of evaluating a function on their inputs, where each party receives at the end some output of the computation. In the game theoretic setting, parties interact in a game that guarantees some payoff for the participants according to the joint actions of all the parties, while the parties wish to maximi...

The mathematical framework of psychological game theory is useful for describing many forms of motivation where preferences depend directly on one’s own or others’ beliefs. It allows for incorporating, for example, emotions, reciprocity, image concerns, and self-esteem in economic analysis. We explain how and why, discussing basic theory, experiments, applied work, and methodology. (JEL C70, D83, D91)

A reformulation of compositional game theory is used to reunite game theory with game semantics, by viewing an open game as the System and its choice of contexts as the Environment and building a compact closed category of `computable open games' by replacing the underlying dialectica category with a wave-style geometry of interaction category.

We use the mathematical framework called psychological game theory to explore how emotions, reciprocity, and social image concerns affect behavior, public health, and economic outcomes in pandemics.

. The known results regarding two-player zero-sum games are naturally generalized in complex space and are presented through a complete compact theory. The payoff function is defined by the real part of the payoff function in the real case, and pure complex strategies are defined by the extreme points of the convex polytope S mα := { z ∈ C m : | argz | ≦ α, P mi =1 z i = 1 } for “strategy argument” α in (0 , π 2 ) e . These strategies allow definitions and results regarding Nash equilibria, security levels of players and their relations to be extended in C m . A new constructive proof of the Minima...

This mini-review defines autonomy, and briefly overview game theory with a focus on Nash and Stackleberg equilibria and Social dilemma, and provides a discussion of successful projects using game theory approaches applied to several autonomous systems.

The expression “game theory” is essentially a scientific metaphor where two or more individuals with opposing or mixed motivations take actions, employing strategies that are both interdependent and also build upon each other. The game-theory method makes possible the study on how individuals on opposing sides make decisions in a given situation. It also applies to those life situations where a decision made by an individual has no power over other decisions that affect him. The decision maker can be an individual, a group, or an organization. Game theory can analyze situations where participa...

It is unveiled that most broadcasted transactions can avoid sandwich attacks while simultaneously only experiencing a low risk of transaction failure, and it is demonstrated that a constant auto-slippage cannot adjust to varying trade sizes and pool characteristics.

It is evaluated whether the game-theoretical study of the evolution of cooperation has measured up to expectations in explaining the behaviour of non-human animals and point to potentially fruitful directions for the field.

A great deal of empirical research has examined who falls for misinformation and why. Here, we introduce a formal game-theoretic model of engagement with news stories that captures the strategic interplay between (mis)information consumers and producers. A key insight from the model is that observed patterns of engagement do not necessarily reflect the preferences of consumers. This is because producers seeking to promote misinformation can use strategies that lead moderately inattentive readers to engage more with false stories than true ones -- even when readers prefer more accurate over les...

A new concept called Game Mechanic Alignment theory is presented as a way to organize game mechanics through the lens of systemic rewards and agential motivations, and a methodology for how to estimate “mechanic alignment” is described.

It is suggested that common defensive measures that may work to eliminate the financial incentives of ransomware 1.0 may not work on ransomware 2.0, in particular the data backup practice and the never-pay-ransom strategy.

Finnish scholar and game designer Aki Jarvinen presents an approach where a card game meets design meets game studies, similar to Scott McCloud's Understanding Comics: a theory of comics in the form of a comic book.

Books by Scott Wolford and Roger Ransom show how economic theories of games and decisions can be fruitfully applied to problems in World War I. This vital application offers fundamental insights into the analytical methods of game theory. Public random variables may be essential factors in war-of-attrition games. An assumption that nations can coordinate on Pareto-superior equilibria may become less tenable when nations are at war. Interpreting a surprising mistake as evidence of an unlikely type can have serious consequences. The ability of leaders to foster consistent beliefs within a cohesi...

This work proposes sentiment analysis as a fundamental tool for this shift from outcome-based to language-based utility functions and takes an initial step by analysing 61 experimental instructions from the dictator game, an economic game capturing the balance between self-interest and the interest of others, which is at the core of many social interactions.

A pervasive assumption in Game Theory is that players’ utilities are concave, or at least quasi-concave, with respect to their own strategies. While mathematically instrumental, enabling the existence of many kinds of equilibria in many kinds of settings, (quasi-)concavity of payoffs is too restrictive an assumption. For the same reasons that (quasi-)concave utilities can only go so far in capturing single-agent optimization problems, they can only go so far in modeling the considerations of an agent in a strategic interaction. Besides, the study of games with non-concave utilities is increasi...

This research identifies several difficulties that the game developers experience and describes how these difficulties are affected by knowledge and motivations of the individual developer, organisational attributes of the work environment, and the use of external resources such as drawing upon the experiences of players with disabilities.

It is argued that models of learning are a promising route for improving and widening game theory’s predictive power while preserving the successes of game theory where it already works well.

The following aspects are worthy of further study: the first aspect should further improve the theoretical system of evolutionary game theory and explore the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of evolutionary equilibrium.

Games are powerful tools that must be played with care Games are powerful tools that must be played with care

This work considers an advanced CAV network in which vehicles can directly communicate with each other sharing intentions and other information such as location and speed and identifies two preventive measures, i.e., speed limits and safety gaps, which may be dynamically adjusted to induce CAVs to play truthfully thus reaching the socially optimal solution.

LP-duality theory has played a central role in the study of the core, right from its early days to the present time. However, despite the extensive nature of this work, basic gaps still remain. We address these gaps using the following building blocks from LP-duality theory: 1. Total unimodularity (TUM). 2. Complementary slackness conditions and strict complementarity. Our exploration of TUM leads to defining new games, characterizing their cores and giving novel ways of using core imputations to enforce constraints that arise naturally in applications of these games. The latter include: 1. Ef...

The early Schlick developed an evolutionary biological account of play. He contrasted play with work. Where work encompasses all activity that is undertaken for the sake of some practical outcome, play renders what was previously a mere means into an end enjoyable in itself. Schlick thus distinguished between aesthetic, religious, scientific, and ethical game types. This paper shows that this typology underlies his later attempts to naturalize these fields, and allows us to clarify the relation between object-games and their description within the scientific game. Schlick's demarcation betwe...

It is argued that evolutionary game theory is a genuine case of successful integration between economics and biology, shedding lights on the many dimensions along which integration can take place.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the utilization of game theory in the entrepreneurship literature. Game theory can potentially be employed to assess strategies incentivizing productive entrepreneurial activities and subsequent economic development. Therefore, the author reviews entrepreneurship articles and explores the application of game-theoretic models and concepts in the literature.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the author provides an overview of the entrepreneurship ecosystem concept, highlighting key challenges in its study. The author also briefly highlights successful...

Game theory, an interdisciplinary field that explores interactions among entities in strategic scenarios, is paramount for understanding how individuals make decisions in interactive situations. This paper outlines the development and evaluation of a playful exercise to facilitate understanding fundamental concepts such as dominant and dominated strategies and Nash equilibrium, employing a 'design thinking' methodology. An empirical evaluation was conducted with 76 Industrial Engineering students from the Universidad Industrial de Santander, dividing them into four teams representing companies...