Top Research Papers on Gender Studies

Abstract Background Gender inequality and violence are not mutually exclusive phenomena but complex loops affecting each other. Women in Nepal face several inequalities and violence. The causes are diverse, but most of these results are due to socially assigned lower positioning of women. The hierarchies based on power make women face subordination and violence in Nepal. The study aims to explore participants' understanding and experience to identify the status of inequality for women and how violence emerges as one of its consequences. Furthermore, it explores the causes of sex trafficking as...

Evaluated gender detection tools that allow the uploading of files containing first names, are usable by researchers without advanced computer skills, and are at least partially free of charge found Gender API and NamSor were the most accurate tools.

It is highlighted that men are under-screened for osteoporosis and exhibit secondary osteoporeosis more frequently than women.

This study reports follow-up data on the largest sample to date of boys clinic-referred for gender dysphoria ( n = 139) with regard to gender identity and sexual orientation. In childhood, the boys were assessed at a mean age of 7.49 years (range, 3.33–12.99) at a mean year of 1989 and followed-up at a mean age of 20.58 years (range, 13.07–39.15) at a mean year of 2002. In childhood, 88 (63.3%) of the boys met the DSM-III, III-R, or IV criteria for gender identity disorder; the remaining 51 (36.7%) boys were subthreshold for the criteria. At follow-up, gender identity/dysphoria was assessed vi...

It is found that sex-disaggregated analyses are infrequently presented or planned in registered and published clinical COVID-19 studies, and therefore warrant consideration in study designs.

The development of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) requires more qualified professionals in these fields. However, gender segregation in higher education in this sector is creating a gender gap that means that for some disciplines female representation does not even reach 30% of the total. In order to propose measures to address the phenomenon, it is necessary to understand the possible causes of this issue. A systematic literature review and mapping were carried out for the study, following the PRISMA guidelines and flowchart. The research questions to be answered wer...

This meta-analysis found that the prevalence of insomnia in females was significantly higher than males in the included studies, and regular screening, and effective interventions should be implemented in the general population particularly for females.

Findings suggest that peer review and editorial processes do not penalize manuscripts by women, and increasing gender diversity in editorial teams and referee pools could help journals inform potential authors about their attention to these factors and so stimulate participation by women.

A qualitative study to answer the question, “For SGM people, what are the major limitations with current SOGI questions?” focus groups probed reactions to SogI questions adapted from prior national surveys and clinical best practice guidelines, and two major themes emerged.

Women largely dominate the influencer business, and previous studies often either have focused on female social media influencers, or else matched the influencer's gender with the participant's gender in experimental research, as it is assumed that same-gender endorsements may increase persuasion. However, no empirical research is available yet that examines how the influencer's gender affects the persuasiveness of sponsored content posted by this influencer. Therefore, this paper reports on the results from an experimental study (N = 241) testing whether a sponsored post leads to more engagem...

This research examines how gender disparities in international research collaboration differ by collaboration intensity, academic position, age, and academic discipline to find that male scientists dominate in international collaboration at each level.

Factors that were found to be associated with a higher risk of developing “long COVID” syndrome were female gender and active smoking, but not severity of the acute disease.

This paper studies the role of gender equality in female directors’ efficacy and its subsequent effects on firms. Female directors in more gender equal societies should possess greater skills and exert more influence due to better access to educational/professional opportunities and more amicable boardroom dynamics. Therefore, we hypothesize that gender equality serves as an important moderator in the relation between female board representation and firm outcomes. Using a multi-national panel comprising 1986 public firms from 24 countries or areas spanning from 2007 to 2016, we obtain results ...

A year-by-year approach confirmed a downward trend in same-sex collaboration among males and an upward trend among females, and gender homophily in research-intensive institutions proved stronger for males than for females.

Both male and female nursing students face the limits of their own gender roles, yet they are prepared to challenge these gender-based perceptions.

Significance Recent research has found that the strong underrepresentation of women in math-related fields is more pronounced in more egalitarian and more developed countries. This pattern has been called the “gender-equality paradox.” We show that stereotypes relating math primarily to men are actually stronger in more egalitarian and more developed countries and that they mediate the link between development and segregation across fields of study. The mechanisms connecting socioeconomic development to the strengthening of these stereotypes and the gendering of math-related fields are discuss...

In the social sciences, many quantitative research findings as well as presentations of demographics are related to participants’ gender. Most often, gender is represented by a dichotomous variable with the possible responses of woman/man or female/male, although gender is not a binary variable. It is, however, rarely defined what is meant by gender. In this article, we deconstruct the concept ‘gender’ as consisting of several facets, and argue that the researcher needs to identify relevant aspects of gender in relation to their research question. We make a thorough exposition of consideration...

Abstract A growing number of children and adolescents report having gender identities or expressions that differ from their birth-assigned gender or from social and cultural gender norms. Some identify as transgender, whereas others consider themselves nonbinary or gender fluid. Nonbinary and gender fluid youth are distinct from transgender youth in that they typically report that their gender identity (i.e., their internal sense of gender) or their gender expression (i.e., their public presentation of their gender through appearance, dress, and behavior) fall outside the traditional male–fema...

Abstract The present research aimed to extend the state of knowledge regarding the relationship between self-perceived empathy and traditional gender roles and placed particular focus on the contextual conditions under which gender differences in empathy are present, can be created, or eliminated. Across two studies, women rated themselves higher in empathy than men in all experimental conditions, whereas an objective female superiority in emotion recognition was only evident in one condition. In Study 1 ( n = 736), using the term ‘social-analytic capacity’ instead of ‘empathic capacity’ incre...

These results can inform qualitative and quantitative research, gender affirmative clinical practice, political fights for transgender rights, and understandings of gendered experiences for people of all identities.

The findings of MOUSEION-01 highlight that high-quality trials accounting for potential confounders are needed before being able to suggest a real effect of the patient's gender on immune checkpoint inhibitors efficacy in different settings.

Differences across parent gender and family income level are examined to document the disproportionate effects on women and low‐income families and align with other emerging findings of increased impacts to mental health and well‐being for parents and children.

In cross-sectional surveys, as well as in longitudinal panel studies, systematic gender dif­ferences in survey participation are routinely observed. Since there has been little research on this issue, this study seeks to reveal this association for web-based online surveys and computer-assisted telephone interviews in the context of a sequential mixed-mode design with a push-to-web method. Based on diverse versions of benefit–cost theories relating to deliberative and heuristic decision-making, several hypotheses are deduced and then tested by longitudinal data in the context of a multi-wave p...

Despite important advances, gender-based discrimination continues to hinder women's career progress. This review examines the role that gender stereotypes play in promoting gender bias and discrimination. After reviewing what is known about the content of gender stereotypes and examining both their descriptive and prescriptive aspects, we discuss two pathways through which stereotypes result in discrepant work outcomes for women and men. First, we consider how the characterization of women as communal but not agentic conflicts with the perceived demands of many male gender-typed jobs and field...

In the Western world, gender/sex is traditionally viewed as binary, with people falling into one of two categories: male or female. This view of gender/sex has started to change, triggering some resistance. This research investigates psychological mechanisms underlying that resistance. Study 1 ( N = 489, UK) explored the role of individual gender identification in defense of, and attempts to reinforce, the gender/sex binary. Study 2 ( N = 415, Sweden) further considered the role of individual differences in need for closure. Both gender identification and need for closure were associated with ...

Evidence on the different effects of sex and gender on the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment responses of patients with ischaemic heart disease or heart failure is summarized and unexplored areas of sex-related and gender-related factors in cardiovascular disease such as in individuals with gender dysphoria are highlighted.

The findings suggest that the responsibility for improving well-being lies not just with services but instead should be held by the whole society when thinking about how to reduce anxiety and depression in TGDYP.

Gender diversification is often major and reoccurring part in the workplace culture and its impact that it directly or indirectly affect to the equity role in the institutional, societal and organizational work culture. The discussion on the gender disparity and its polarization around the globe with its effect on dilemmas and the difference in the physical and mental aspects is the core deviation part. Our study interrelates the gender diversity mainly focused on the inclusiveness of the gender equity in workplace culture constituting group of women, LGBTQ and queers. The radical change on th...

The homocysteine level was significantly higher in males than in females and increased markedly after 50 years of age in both groups, and the independent factors associated with increased homocrysteine concentration differed between males and females.

The available evidence suggests more robust opioid analgesia among women, and findings from studies of experimentally induced pain demonstrate greater pain sensitivity among females, and women show greater temporal summation of pain compared to men.

Abstract What are the varieties of gender regimes? The focus is the theory of varieties of gender regimes—domestic and public regimes; and, within the public, both neoliberal and social democratic varieties—and pathways to alternative forms. Is this model sufficient to encompass the turn to less progressive forms and multiple global regions or are further varieties needed? At stake here is the distinction between modern and premodern, public and domestic, the meaning of conservative, the concept of the family, and the theorization of violence. The article offers engagement with critics and fur...

Authorship is rife with injustice and malpractice, with women expressing concerns about the fair attribution of credit.

The aim of this short review was to revise the current evidence on anthropometric characteristics and nutritional and pharmacological aspects of obesity from a gender perspective, and found gender differences exist in obesity prevalence and phenotype, body fat distribution, drug efficacy, clinical trial representation, and different secondary effects of bariatric surgery.

The role of sex hormones, genetics and epigenetics, and their interactions with the environment in the clinical manifestations and therapeutic response of asthma are reviewed.

It is demonstrated that ACEs cluster in specific patterns and that poverty is strongly related to this, therefore, reducing child poverty might be one strategy for reducing ACEs.

These findings highlight the ways thatTGD people would like their gender to be asked about, which is necessary information to ensure that questions about gender reflect TGD people's identities accurately.

It is argued that gender itself is the social category that explains the nature of the Big Two, and implications of a gendered cognition in which gender not only provides functional utility for cognitive processing but simultaneously enforces gender roles and limits men and women’s opportunities are suggested.

COVID-19 and ensuing changes in mobility have altered employment relations for millions of people across the globe. Emerging evidence shows that women may be more severely affected by this change. The pandemic, however, may have an impact beyond the immediate restructuring of employment and shift gender-role attitudes within households as a result of changes in the division of household labor. We analyze a representative sample of respondents in the U.S., Germany, and Singapore and show that transitions to unemployment, reductions in working hours and transitions to working from home have been...

The data synthesis revealed that the majority of reviewed studies found the built environment to be a determinant of PA behavior for both, males and females, in a similar way.

A massive dataset generated by pervasive consumer wearable devices confirms age-related changes in sleep and affirms that there are both persistent and life-stage dependent differences in sleep patterns between genders.