Top Research Papers on Global Warming

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides regular assessments of the scientific basis of climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report is a comprehensive assessment of our understanding of global warming of 1.5°C, future climate change, potential impacts and associated risks, emission pathways, and system transitions consistent with 1.5°C global warming, and strengthening the global response to climate change in the co...

Improved knowledge of glacial-to-interglacial global temperature change yields Charney (fast-feedback) equilibrium climate sensitivity 1.2 ± 0.3°C (2σ) per W/m2, which is 4.8°C ± 1.2°C for doubled CO2. Consistent analysis of temperature over the full Cenozoic era—including ‘slow’ feedbacks by ice sheets and trace gases—supports this sensitivity and implies that CO2 was 300–350 ppm in the Pliocene and about 450 ppm at transition to a nearly ice-free planet, exposing unrealistic lethargy of ice sheet models. Equilibrium global warming for today’s GHG amount is 10°C, which is reduced to 8°C by ...

This chapter looks at different areas of risk associated with the onset of global warming, and discusses zoonoses, or diseases that are passed between humans and other animals, and identifies 11 kinds of zoonose associated with global warming.

In present time climate change has been recognized as the foremost environmental problem of the twenty first century and has become a subject of considerable debates. It is predicted to lead to adverse, irreversible impact on earth and the ecosystem as a whole. Although it is difficult to connect specific weather events to global warming, increase in global temperatures has been predicted to cause border changes, including glacial retreat, arctic shrinkage, and worldwide sea level rise. Climate change has been implicated in mass mortalities of mail, aquatic species, including plants. Climate c...

Global warming is a thermodynamics problem. When excess heat is added to the climate system, the land warms more quickly than the oceans due to the land’s reduced heat capacity. The oceans have a greater heat capacity because of its higher specific heat and the heat mixing in the upper layer of the ocean. Thermodynamic Geoengineering (TG) is a global cooling method which deployed at scale would generate 1.6 times the world’s current supply of primary energy and remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. The cooling would mirror the ostensible 2008–2013 global warming hiatus. At scale 31,...

Climate projections by the fossil fuel industry have never been assessed. On the basis of company records, we quantitatively evaluated all available global warming projections documented by—and in many cases modeled by—Exxon and ExxonMobil Corp scientists between 1977 and 2003. We find that most of their projections accurately forecast warming that is consistent with subsequent observations. Their projections were also consistent with, and at least as skillful as, those of independent academic and government models. Exxon and ExxonMobil Corp also correctly rejected the prospect of a coming ice...

Global warming is a worldwide and protracted phenomenon with heterogeneous local economic effects. We propose a dynamic economic assessment model of the world economy with high spatial resolution to assess its consequences. Our model features several forms of adaptation to local temperature changes, including costly trade and migration, local technological innovations, and local natality rates. We quantify the model at a 1° × 1° resolution and estimate damage functions that determine the impact of temperature changes on a region’s fundamental productivity and amenities conditional on local t...

Estimates of the anthropogenic effective radiative forcing (ERF) trend have increased by 50% since 2000 (+0.4W/m2/decade in 2000-2009 to +0.6W/m2/decade in 2010-2019), the majority of which is driven by changes in the aerosol ERF trend, due to aerosol emissions reductions. Here we study the extent to which observations of the climate system agree with these ERF assumptions. We use a large ERF ensemble from IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) to attribute the anthropogenic contributions to global mean surface temperature (GMST), top-of-atmosphere radiative flux, and aerosol optical depth obse...

Does a rise in temperature decrease the level of GDP in affected countries or the permanent growth rate of their GDP? Differing answers to this question lead prominent estimates of climate damages to diverge by an order of magnitude. This paper combines indirect evidence on economic growth with new empirical estimates of the dynamic effects of temperature on GDP to argue that warming has persistent, but not permanent, effects on growth. We start by presenting a range of evidence that technology flows tether country growth rates together, preventing temperature change from causing them to diver...

Global Warming has become one of the burning problems of the day. Every year, the average temperature of the Earth is being increased. Such problem is called Global Warming. This problem has started long ago. In the last 50 years, the situation has become worst. There are many causes of Global Warming. Firstly, the trees are being destroyed in good number. As a result, there is no perfect balance in the ratio of CO2 and O2. Secondly, the excessive fuel consumption is another direct cause of Global Warming. Thirdly, the excessive use of CFC has made the situation alarming. The direct impact of ...

General Circulation Model (GCM) simulations with prescribed observed sea surface temperature (SST) over the historical period show systematic global shortwave cloud radiative effect (SWCRE) variations uncorrelated with global surface temperature (known as “pattern effect”). Here, we show that a single parameter that quantifies the difference in SSTs between regions of tropical deep convection and the tropical or global average (Δconv) captures the time‐varying “pattern effect” in the simulations using the PCMDI/AMIPII SST recommended for CMIP6. In particular, a large positive trend in the 1980...

Global warming and overpopulation are one of the most pending problems that needs to be dealt in the present days to aim for the bright future, to overcome hanger and poverty. For today the issues related to Global Warming and overpopulations are in incline. As time passes the more problems occur. It is well known that agriculture and Global Warming worsens the environment similarly. Agriculture has a vast influence on Global Warming, around 30 percentage from total. And similarly, Global Warming has the impact to agriculture. However, it was stated that small farms will be troubled the most, ...

Terrestrial plants are sensitive indicators of global warming because their annual cycles of growth and senescence are changing as warming proceeds. Single celled algae are distinct life forms capable of population bursts in any season, so there is uncertainty about phytoplankton phenology as a comparable indicator of global warming. We analyzed 4+ decades of monthly chlorophyll a measurements at two sites in San Francisco Bay and found abrupt shifts during summer months leading to a 48‐day advance in the annual pattern of chlorophyll‐a accumulation at one site and a 36‐day delay at the other....

Growth in aviation contributes more to global warming than is generally appreciated because of the mix of climate pollutants it generates. Here, we model the CO2 and non-CO2 effects like nitrogen oxide emissions and contrail formation to analyse aviation’s total warming footprint. Aviation contributed approximately 4% to observed human-induced global warming to date, despite being responsible for only 2.4% of global annual emissions of CO2. Aviation is projected to cause a total of about 0.1 °C of warming by 2050, half of it to date and the other half over the next three decades, should aviati...

We find that people revise their beliefs about climate change upward when experiencing warmer than usual temperatures in their area. Using international data, we show that attention to climate change, as proxied by Google search volume, increases when the local temperature is abnormally high. In financial markets, stocks of carbon-intensive firms underperform firms with low carbon emissions in abnormally warm weather. Retail investors (not institutional investors) sell carbon-intensive firms in such weather, and return patterns are unlikely to be driven by changes in fundamentals. Our study ...

THE PHRASE ‘global warming’ has become familiar to many people as one of the most important issues of our day. Many opinions have been expressed concerning it, from the doom-laden to the dismissive. This book aims to state the current scientific position on global warming clearly, so that we can make informed decisions on the facts. Is the climate changing? In the year 2060 my grandchildren will be approaching 70 years old; what will their world be like? Indeed, what will it be like during the 70 years or so of their normal lifespan? Many new things have happened in the last 70 years that coul...

Global warming is a phenomenon that causes the average surface temperature of the Earth to rise due to an increase in greenhouse gases. This rise in temperature has significant implications for the global economy, as it affects various sectors and regions differently. This paper reviews the literature on how global warming impacts the economy, focusing on four main aspects: gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, energy industry, agricultural, production output in different fields and tourism. The article also explores the cost-effectiveness of enacting strategies to alleviate and adjust to t...

Global warming is the rise in temperature of the Earth's surface and its atmosphere, resulting from human activities. It is caused by the greenhouse effect, which can be described as an increase in heat trapping gases such as carbon dioxide and methane in Earth's atmosphere. Global warming has been named a major factor for raising global sea levels through its effects on oceanic thermal expansion, melting glaciers and polar ice caps, changes in ocean patterns due to global warming. All of these changes will have an impact on economy and this paper will investigate each factor’s impact. Global ...

Wildland fire is expected to increase in response to global warming, yet little is known about future changes to fire regimes in Europe. Here, we developed a pyrogeography based on statistical fire models to better understand how global warming reshapes fire regimes across the continent. We identified five large‐scale pyroregions with different levels of area burned, fire frequency, intensity, length of fire period, size distribution, and seasonality. All other things being equal, global warming was found to alter the distribution of these pyroregions, with an expansion of the most fire prone ...

Global warming occurs when incoming ultra violet solar radiation from the sun strikes the earth and is absorbed by the atmosphere, earth’s surface and water bodies. Much of it is then reflected back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation, keeping the earth habitable. For earth’s temperatures to remain stable these two should be in equilibrium. However, they are not, due to the emission of green-house gases by anthropogenic activities, that result in the green-house effect (because a similar process occurs in a green-house, high energy UV radiation penetrates the glass walls of a green-house...

Defined as the difference between the daily maximum (Tmax) and minimum surface air temperature (Tmin), the diurnal temperature range (DTR) is critical to local climate, ecosystem, and socio‐economic functioning. This study investigates how DTR responds to the future global warming, using a novel, fine‐resolution convection‐permitting regional climate model. Results demonstrate the asymmetrical impact of global warming, that is, the more substantial warming in Tmin, and the lower in Tmax. This asymmetry results in the DTR reduction of 0.5°K in the mid‐latitude and 0.25°K in the low‐altitude are...

This paper goes through three in-depth frameworks of neural network-based captions: CNN-RNN-based, CNN-CNN- based, and dynamic-based.

We are currently confronted with the existential challenge of global warning. Because of its nature it is a challenge that confronts the entire globe both in terms of contributing factors and bearing the consequences. In both aspects there is an inevitable balance of responsibilities and consequences. In the former, some national entities are bigger contributors to the problem than others and in a similar manner some global areas suffer relatively more significant negative consequences. Another major challenge has been that of generating a better scientific understanding of the relationships b...

Correlation between the thermal sensitivity indices of the mitochondria and the whole organism indicate that these traits experience similar selective pressures but further investigations are needed to establish whether there is a cause‐effect relationship between the mitochondrial failure and loss of organismal performance during temperature change.

As the unpredictable nature of the Earth’s climate persists, the scholarly attention dedicated to climate research has undergone a notable transition, shifting its emphasis from the conventional notion of global warming to a greater disconcerting occurrence commonly referred to as “global boiling.” The present article endeavors to elucidate the scientific evidence that posits a discernible alteration in climate patterns, specifically towards an exacerbation of extreme heat events. Furthermore, this study aims to delve into the various factors that are believed to be instrumental in precipitati...

Recent years have seen rising Earth's temperatures and a shrinking Antarctic land area. Studying factors affecting global warming and finding solutions to slow it is crucial. Using the Pettitt mutation point detection method, we examined March temperatures over the past decade and identified a significant change in March 2015. Predictive models (ARIMA and LSTM) forecast similar future temperatures, with the LSTM model showing slightly higher accuracy. Gray correlation and multiple linear regression analyses identified CO2 as the primary factor influencing global temperatures. Reducing CO2 emis...

Climate change and global warming are intimately linked to the global carbon cycle, a vital aspect of Earth’s natural processes. This cycle plays a central role in regulating the Earth’s climate and atmospheric composition. To better understand these phenomena, it is essential to examine the global carbon cycle and how it interacts with climate change and global warming. This interplay between the carbon cycle and climatic shifts influences our planet’s ecological stability, making it a topic of paramount importance in environmental science. In this exploration, we will delve into the mechanis...

The response of the Asian summer monsoon to transient increases of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and sulfate aerosols in the Earth's atmosphere is examined using the data generated in numerical experiments with available coupled atmosphere-ocean global climate models (A-O GCMs). A comparison of observed and model-simulated trends in monthly mean near-surface temperature and rainfall over the region provides evidence of skill of the A-O GCMs in simulating the regional climatology. The potential role of the sulfate aerosols in obscuring the GHG- induced warming over the Indian subcontinent is discusse...

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Effects of global warming on fishes and fisheries David J ...

We discuss several aspects of the phenomenon called Global Warming and refrain from any con- clusions. We leave the reader to draw his conclusions about the series of observations presented here. The phenomenon called Global Warming or in the new name Climate Change, refers to the be- havior of the ’Temperature of the Earth’ as a function of time. The ’temperature of the Earth’ is a complicated term as it is measured in different locations and one has to define at what location we discuss the temperature and how we average the temperature over the complicated surface of the Earth so as to obt...

The aim of this work, is to find out if there is a convergence of different scientific considerations into a common aggregation point, that can be used as a key point for a new global approach to the problem of global warming, even using a heuristic method of evaluation.

В данной статье говорится о том, что прогресс человечества привел к пренебрежению глобального потепления, которое было вызвано увеличением выбросов CO2. Это разрушает атмосферу, вызывая повышение температуры и суровые погодные условия, влияющие на производство воды и продуктов питания. Ископаемое топливо, вырубка лесов, транспорт и животноводство способствуют выбросам парниковых газов. Глобальное потепление вызывает наводнения, голод, вырубку лесов, лесные пожары и засуху, создавая серьезную угрозу человечеству. This article says that the progress of mankind has led to the neglect of global w...

The Arctic, a region of ecological and climatic significance, is undergoing unprecedented ice changes due to climate change. This transformation, marked by rapid reductions in sea ice extent, thickness, and the persistence of multi-year ice, has far-reaching consequences for ecosystems, biodiversity, and global climate patterns. This article examines the historical perspective of the Arctic's ice dynamics, revealing a oncestable environment now in the throes of rapid change. The current state of Arctic ice is analyzed, emphasizing alarming reductions observed through satellite imagery and the ...

How do you create a Global Warming panic when the weather isn't cooperating? Here are a few tricks of the trade that the scammers are using to explain away the recent cooling trend, as revealed by the hacked e-mails of the world's leading advocates of man-made Global Warming.

With the recent dramatic loss of ice in the Arctic, the world has focused on whether polar bears are safe from climate change.

With global temperatures approaching Paris climate agreement targets and a wide spread in modeled future warming, it is critical to rapidly identify any changes in warming rate. Here, I address the question of when we would be able to detect acceleration of warming in global‐mean temperature. Some standard techniques report significantly (p < 0.05) accelerated warming over 1980–2020 in the latest versions of the three main data sets used in the The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 5th Assessment Report, with a mean acceleration of 49 m°C/decade2, which would add about 0.5°C additional...

How long will the four seasons be by 2100? Increasing evidence suggests that the length of a single season or in regional scales has changed under global warming, but a hemispherical‐scale response of the four seasons in the past and future remains unknown. We find that summer in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes has lengthened, whereas winter has shortened, owing to shifts in their onsets and withdrawals, accompanied by shorter spring and autumn. Such changes in lengths and onsets can be mainly attributed to greenhouse‐warming. Even if the current warming rate does not accelerate, changes ...

ABSTRACT

The ongoing debate about global warming prompted me to have a look at the physics myself, and see if I could make some sense of it. I have to say that I came to this rather as a sceptic because I do not believe that it is feasible to model the climate of the planet with any degree of confidence. The number of relevant variables is just too great. It is well-known that the weather is a chaotic phenomenon, and a look at the temperature variations indicates that the yearly trend is equally random. On the other hand, NASA’s chart of the world average temperatures does show an undeniably upward tre...

The doomsday film thriller The Day After Tomorrow is based on global warming theory, whereby the infusion of freshwater into the north Atlantic from the melting of Greenland's glaciers stops the circulation of water via the Gulf Stream.

There is no doubt that the single most important event of the last 12 months for bringing together the science and politics of global climate change was the Third Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC). Alternatively reported as the World Climate Summit or the Kyoto Climate Conference, this 10-day negotiating meeting was held between 1 and 10 December 1997 in the Japanese city of Kyoto. The conference commenced the week after it had been announced that 1997 was going to be the warmest year yet recorded for global-mean surface air temperature, providin...

• The consequences of climate change are serious, more so for developing countries than for developed ones. Indeed for some time to come climate change may well have benefits in the more temperate zones, where most of the wealthier countries lie. • The causes of climate change are to be found in the increased emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Reductions in these gases will also reduce likely climatic impacts but mitigation will be expensive and the likely benefits may be small compared to the costs, when the latter are measured using conventional discount rates of 4-5 percent in real terms...

The role of General Circulation Models (GCMs) has become predominantly important as the practical interest in regional impacts from anthropogenic greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) grows. This first report documents the quality of GCMs as a tool for describing and predicting ‘global warming’ and the related geographical pattern of climate change from the CO2 added to Earth’s atmosphere.

The global-mean surface air temperature record has been broken four times during the 1990s (1990, 1995, 1997 and 1998) ensuring that the present decade has been the warmest since 1860, when the instrumental series of global-mean surface air temperature commences. Estimates of Northern Hemispheric temperature over the last 1000 years (Jones et al., 1998; Mann et al., 1998) also suggest that the 1990s have been the warmest decade this millennium for the Northern Hemisphere. Since global temperature in 1999 is unlikely to be as warm as in 1998 (owing to a reversion of the Pacific from an El Niño ...

as popular perception is concerned, considerable efforts continue to be made both by governments and by science into, respectively, negotiating responses to, and improving predictions of, future climate change. By the time this review is published it is likely that the fiftieth national ratification of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) will have been lodged (this is out of the original 160 signatory nations). This means that the first Conference of the Parties to the convention will be held during the first half of 1995. This process of national ratification is being accom...

The forerunner to Progress in Physical Geography was Progress in Geography and was first published in 1969. In 1976, an article on contemporary problems in research on air pollution made the first reference in this journal to ’global warming’, drawing attention to the predominance of fossil fuel burning as primary cause and rising sea levels as primary impact (Wall, 1976). Three years later in the same journal Bach (1979) provided an excellent account of the understanding of the problem at the end of the 1970s, and more recently Jones and Henderson-Sellers (1990) provided a selective history o...

‘Global warming’ is a phrase that refers to the effect on the climate of human activities, in particular the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) and large-scale deforestation, which cause emissions to the atmosphere of large amounts of ‘greenhouse gases’, of which the most important is carbon dioxide. Such gases absorb infrared radiation emitted by the Earth's surface and act as blankets over the surface keeping it warmer than it would otherwise be. Associated with this warming are changes of climate. The basic science of the ‘greenhouse effect’ that leads to the warming is well unders...

Much scientific consensus has developed that global warming is a major threat to the well-being of our planet and ourselves. This danger includes mental health. Violence, trauma and anxiety are all projected to increase. Psychology has also contributed to the genesis and delayed responsiveness to global warming, given the use of denial, narcissism, and fear of change on the part of politicians and citizens. Given the importance of psychiatry for this social problem, psychiatrists should be at the forefront of ‘going green’ in terms of advocacy, modelling and solutions. We are not yet, but our ...

The quality of GCMs as a tool for describing and predicting ‘global warming’ and the related geographical pattern of climate change from the CO2 added to Earth’s atmosphere is documents.

Jonathan A Patz discusses the abrupt and long term health impacts of global warming