Top Research Papers on Immunology

Current knowledge of aberrant immune responses during sepsis and recent initiatives to stratify patients with sepsi into subgroups that are more alike from a clinical and/or pathobiological perspective are reviewed, which could be key for identification of patients who are more likely to benefit from specific immune interventions.

The Manual of Immunological Methods represents the collaboration of the Canadian Network of Toxicology Centers, a non-profit network of university-based scientists dedicated to research, training, risk assessment, and communication. This manual provides detailed immunological methods that can be utilized by researchers or practitioners who want to

Veterinary clinical immunology , Veterinary clinical immunology , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی

The next frontier in RA is the development of curative interventions, for example, reprogramming T cell defects during the period of asymptomatic autoimmunity, discusses how the progressive loss of immune cell tolerance underlies the immunopathology associated with rheumatoid arthritis.

The underlying immunological basis of various asthma endotypes is reviewed by discussing results obtained from animal studies as well as results generated in clinical studies targeting specific immune pathways.

The current picture is one of convergence towards a map of an immunopathogenic aetiology of long COVID, though as yet with insufficient data for a mechanistic synthesis or to fully inform therapeutic pathways.

Findings related to key immunological aspects of cholangiocarcinoma are discussed, including the heterogeneous landscape of immune cells within the tumour microenvironment, the immunomodulatory effect of the microbiota and IDH1 mutations, and the association of immune-related signatures and patient outcomes.

It is highlighted that teasing out the precise roles of different immune cell subsets at different stages of the disease will be key to effective treatment strategies and may identify novel therapeutic targets that replace the need for cell ablation.

The key role of the immune system in mediating fibrosis regression is discussed and avenues for future study to elucidate potential approaches to targeting inflammatory cells in fibrotic disorders are highlighted.

The Handbook of Cancer and Immunology presents the most updated biomedical and clinically relevant reviews in cancer immunology and immunotherapy.

(Cell 184, 1469–1485; March 18, 2021)Figure 5Central role of Th2 and innate lymphocytes in controlling key features of type 2-high asthma (original)View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT) (Cell 184, 1469–1485; March 18, 2021) The basic immunology of asthmaHammad et al.CellMarch 11, 2021In BriefHammad and Lambrecht review the immunological basis of asthma endotypes by discussing results from animal studies that have unraveled molecular pathways and clinical studies targeting specific immune pathways using molecule-specific biologics. Full-Text PDF Open Archive

It is proposed that studying the immune system in humans, who are genetically diverse and afflicted by a multitude of diseases, offers both a direct link to medicine and the very real prospect of discovering fundamentally new human biology.

It is indicated that immune cells express genes differentially in response to stress, suggesting individual variabilities in the immune response against stress, which underscores the need for a personalized approach to stress management.

In a Perspective, Andrea Graham argues that using a more naturalized biotic and abiotic setting can help capture a more accurate picture of the immune system.

Different roles of T cells, B cells, and cytokines for the immunopathology and disease course of psoriasis are described.

It is hoped that the knowledge gained from this COVID-19 research will be applied in studies of inflammatory processes involved in critical and chronic illnesses, which remain a major unmet need.

Abstract Nanomaterials (NMs) have revolutionized multiple aspects of medicine by enabling novel sensing, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches. Advancements in processing and fabrication have also allowed significant expansion in the applications of the major classes of NMs based on polymer, metal/metal oxide, carbon, liposome, or multi-scale macro-nano bulk materials. Concomitantly, concerns regarding the nanotoxicity and overall biocompatibility of NMs have been raised. These involve putative negative effects on both patients and those subjected to occupational exposure during manufacturing...

After genetic modifications are established, the pig is the best animal model for future xenotransplantation to reduce the problem of organ shortage for organ transplantation.

This review covers three aspects of dendritic cell (DC) biology connected with antitumor immune responses but are not specifically oriented toward therapeutic use, and reviews recent advances in the development of the cDC1 subset of DCs.

The inflammaging concept was introduced in 2000 by Prof. Franceschi and opened the way to consider age-related processes in their complexity, meaning that not only the process but also all counter-processes should be considered.

The immune mechanisms that underpin T1D are examined and an overview of immune-targeted strategies for T1D that are currently in development is provided, with a particular emphasis on T cells.

The effector cell populations and immunosuppressive networks that are present in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumours are described and the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and novel approaches such as adoptive cell therapy in patients with RCC are discussed.

A viewpoint on recent advances of 3D in vitro tumor immunotherapy models is presented, and translational applications of tumor organoids for immuno-oncology research, immunotherapy modeling, and precision medicine are proposed.

A focused analysis of these limitations, with an emphasis on toxicity to healthy tissues and unfavorable immune responses, is presented to shed light on key considerations that should be factored into the design and clinical use of liposomal formulations.

The structure, mechanism of action, and role of CD226 in various pathophysiological environments are discussed, allowing for further understanding of the function ofCD226 and providing the basis for further research in related diseases.

Understanding immune evasion strategies of SARS-CoV2 and the resulting delayed massive immune response will result in the identification of biomarkers that predict outcomes as well as phenotype and disease stage specific treatments that will likely include both antiviral and immune modulating agents.

This manuscript seeks to provide an up-to-date overview of immune function in cattle emphasizing the unresolved challenges and most urgent needs in rearing dairy calves and how the combination of available preventative and treatment strategies and herd management practices can maintain optimal health.

The host immunological response to the liver allograft is best regarded as a balance between rejection- Promoting and tolerance-promoting factors, which provides insight into potential mechanisms for novel anti-rejection therapies.

The role of innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic wounds is discussed, and the latest immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies, including modifying macrophage phenotype, regulating miRNA expression and targeting pro- and anti-inflammatory factors to improve wound healing are reviewed.

The available data from the field of nutritional immunology is presented to elucidate the complex and dynamic relationship between nutrients and the immune system, the delineation of which will lead to optimized nutritional regimens for disease prevention and patient care.

The dysregulation of immune response in psoriasis is comprehensively presented with an emphasis on recent findings to comprehensively present the mechanisms of immune response and the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

The complex immunological context of cachexia, a systemic catabolic syndrome that depletes both fat and muscle mass with profound consequences for patient prognosis, is discussed and the intricate relationship of the immune system with cachexia in the context of malignant and infectious diseases is highlighted.

Chirality is a unifying structural metric of biological and abiological forms of matter. Over the past decade, considerable clarity has been achieved in understanding the chemistry and physics of chiral inorganic nanoparticles1–4; however, little is known about their effects on complex biochemical networks5,6. Intermolecular interactions of biological molecules and inorganic nanoparticles show some commonalities7–9, but these structures differ in scale, in geometry and in the dynamics of chiral shapes, which can both impede and strengthen their mirror-asymmetric complexes. Here we show that ac...

The differences between adequate innate and adaptive immune response in mild disease and the deep immune dysfunction in the severe multiorgan disease are characterized and the knowledge gaps and urgent research requirements are highlighted to provide a quick roadmap for ongoing and needed COVID‐19 studies.

This review summarizes the signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis following colon inflammation to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms in CAC tumorigenesis.

Improvement in knowledge not only regarding immune-mediated illnesses and how the immune system works and interacts with other systems and components (such as the microbiome) but also in terms of ways to manipulate this system through immunotherapy is improved.

What is known about the immunological changes that occur during a normal pregnancy is described and strategies to prevent maternal fatalities due to infections and optimize maternal vaccination to best protect the mother-fetus dyad and the infant after birth are described.

The immunological mechanisms underlying the spectrum of pediatric immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in comparison with that of adults are delineated and how this response is different from the immune response in adults is summarized.

The guiding immunological principles for the design of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine strategies are outlined and the current CO VID-19 vaccine landscape and the challenges ahead are analyzed.

The current state of knowledge of innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and the immunological pathways that likely contribute to disease severity and death are summarized.