Top Research Papers on Molecular Biology

The book is intended for students studying medical and biological specialties. CHAPTER I. EPIGENETICS INTRODUCTION The science of epigenetics looks at the mechanisms of molecular modifications of histones and DNA that can regulate gene activity without affecting the nucleotide sequences in the DNA molecule. Recognized epigenetic regulators are DNA methylation, post-translational modifications of histones, and non-coding RNAs (nkRNAs). One of the most important differences between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotes is the presence of a complex nucleo-protein chromatin complex in eukaryotes. It is...

Activity and safety of cabozantinib in osteosarcoma were studied, as well as sorafenib and pazopanib, and novel bifunctional molecules, of potential imaging and osteosARcoma targeting applications may be used in the future.

This article has focused on molecules that are produced by osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts and their mechanism of action on these cells and their mechanisms of action target different molecular aspects of these bone cells to minimize osteoporosis.

The analysis of the landscape of genetic lesions in HRS cells so far did not reveal any highly recurrent HRS cell-specific lesions, but major roles of Genetic lesions in members of the NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways and of factors of immune evasion are revealed.

This review connects insights from both clinical and molecular studies to create a comprehensive view of the underlying mechanisms that drive telomere shortening and dysfunction in patients with telomeropathies.

Grouping these biological problems and related computational algorithms into classes across length scales, thus characterizing common issues that need to be addressed, will facilitate further progress in spatial transcriptomics and proteomics.

This review is intended to provide an overview of the current basic knowledge of the molecular biology of coronaviruses, which is important as basic knowledge for the development of coronvirus countermeasures.

This review summarizes the current state of methods and results achievable by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) imaging for molecular, cell, and structural biologists who wish to understand what is required and how it might help to address their research questions. It covers some of the main issues in sample preparation, microscopes and data collection, image processing, three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, and validation and interpretation of the resulting EM density maps and atomic models.

Clinical results and mechanisms of action are discussed in this review, including the molecular and biological rationale of hyperthermia as radio- and chemosensitizer as established in in vitro and in vivo experiments.

New therapeutic options make it possible to implement phenotype/endotype-specific treatments, that are delineating personalized approaches precisely addressing the individual traits of asthma pathobiology, allowing to successfully target the immune-inflammatory responses underlying uncontrolled T2-high asthma.

The latest findings on genetic abnormalities, with the presentation of the molecular pathology of vascular anomalies, are summarized.

The aim of this review is to introduce the promise and limitations of emerging quantum computing technologies in the areas of computational molecular biology and bioinformatics.

Quantum computers can in principle solve certain problems exponentially more quickly than their classical counterparts. We have not yet reached the advent of useful quantum computation, but when we do, it will affect nearly all scientific disciplines. In this review, we examine how current quantum algorithms could revolutionize computational biology and bioinformatics. There are potential benefits across the entire field, from the ability to process vast amounts of information and run machine learning algorithms far more efficiently, to algorithms for quantum simulation that are poised to impr...

A comprehensive framework for understanding how the interactions between genes, proteins and metabolites contribute to the determinants of robustness in a heterogeneous biological network is proposed and found that influential genes are enriched in essential and cancer genes.

This review discloses the molecular interaction of collagen with cell receptor molecules to carry out cellular signaling in biological pathways and opens up several new concepts tocarry out next level research in collagen biomaterials.

The physical properties of CHCs are described that allow for both waterproofing and signaling functions, their roles as inter- and intraspecific chemical signals are summarized, and the influences of diet and environment on CHC profiles are discussed.

This review aims to inspire future endeavors by providing a diverse toolbox of molecular modules, engineering methodologies, and different approaches to assemble artificial vesicular systems to help engineer valuable synthetic biological systems for applications in biocatalysis, biosensing, bioremediation, or targeted drug delivery.

Current level of understanding allows for the design of a nanopore which promotes wetting over dewetting or vice versa, but to design a novel nanopore, which enables fast, selective, and gated flow of water de novo would remain challenging, suggesting a need for further detailed simulations alongside experimental evaluation of more complex nanopore systems.

This Review highlights the key developments of carborane derivatives made over the last decade as new design tools in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology, showcasing the versatility of this unique family of boron compounds.

An overview of the current evidence for biological subgroups of arthritis in children is provided, forms that seem contiguous with adult-onset arthritis are delineated, and integrative genetic and bioinformatic strategies to identify discrete entities within inflammatory arthritis across all ages are considered.

The damage oxidative stress imposes on the different steps of the central dogma of molecular biology in bacteria is reviewed, focusing in particular on the RNA machines involved in transcription and translation.

Diarylethene (DAE) photoswitches, known for their reversible photoinduced cyclization and cycloreversion reactions, have shown great promise in various fields such as optical data storage, optoelectronic devices, supramolecular self-assembly, anti-counterfeiting, chiral photoswitches, and photocontrolled catalysis. Recently, there has been a growing interest in utilizing DAEs as smart triggers to regulate biological events, highlighting their advantages over commonly studied azobenzene switches, including thermal irreversibility, high photoswitching efficiency, favorable cellular stability, an...

TLRs are suitable targets for ligand-drug discovery strategies to establish new therapeutics in the fields of infectious and autoimmune diseases, cancers, and other inflammatory diseases and disorders.

The current understanding of the mechanical, electrostatic and molecular properties of the EV surface that offer significant biomarker potential and contribute to a highly dynamic interactome are described.

The atomic structure of an outer membrane spanning protein complex, MtrAB, is reported that is representative of a protein family known to transport electrons between the interior and exterior environments of phylogenetically and metabolically diverse microorganisms.

Charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) is a single-particle technique where the masses of individual ions are determined from simultaneous measurement of their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and charge.

This work attempts to provide a broader view on these topics and to illustrate methodologies of chemical modification intended to enhance the functionality of plant polysaccharides, such as their modification-induced biological activities, finally making the products available for translational purposes.

A comprehensive overview of hyperoside on its sources and biological activities is provided to provide insights into its therapeutic potential, and to provide a basis for high‐quality studies to determine the clinical efficacy of this compound.

This review starts with a historical perspective on early efforts to obtain the primary sequences of load-bearing proteins, followed by the latest developments in sequencing and proteomic technologies that have greatly accelerated sequencing of extracellular proteins.

The cell types and molecular mediators, both host and parasite, that facilitate persistent T. gondii infection are discussed and the consequences of chronic infection for tissue-specific pathology are highlighted and open questions in this area of host-Toxoplasma interactions are identified.

Richter and Zhao illustrate how innovative genetic and molecular biology tools have enhanced the understanding of FMRP’s function and the causes of fragile X syndrome pathophysiology, and offer ways to design new therapies for FXS.

This review summarizes the paramount research achievements in cotton molecular biology over the last few decades from the above aspects, thereby enabling the conduct a status review on the current studies of cotton and provide strong theoretical support for the future direction.

Some alternative approaches and recent advancements that significantly improve the yield and lower the cost of production of xylitol are summarized.

Abstract Molecular interactions are key drivers of biological function. Providing interaction resources to the research community is important since they allow functional interpretation and network-based analysis of molecular data. ConsensusPathDB (http://consensuspathdb.org) is a meta-database combining interactions of diverse types from 31 public resources for humans, 16 for mice and 14 for yeasts. Using ConsensusPathDB, researchers commonly evaluate lists of genes, proteins and metabolites against sets of molecular interactions defined by pathways, Gene Ontology and network neighborhoods an...

How the biological features of pancreatic cancer and its metabolic reprogramming as well as the tumor microenvironment regulate its development and progression is summarized.

In recent decades, as a subclass of biomaterials, biologically sensitive nanoparticles have attracted increased scientific interest. Many of the demands for physiologically responsive nanomaterials in applications involving the human body cannot be met by conventional technologies. Due to the field’s importance, considerable effort has been expended, and biologically responsive nanomaterials have achieved remarkable success thus far. This review summarizes the recent advancements in biologically responsive nanomaterials and their applications in biosensing and molecular imaging. The nanomateri...

The aim of this review is to provide updated and comprehensive insight into the molecular biology of spermatogenesis, including evidence on sperMatogenetic failure and underlining the role of the sperm-carried molecular factors involved in oocyte fertilization and embryo growth.

This review systematically summarizes recent advances in chromopeptide nanoarchitectonics with particular focus on the design strategy, assembly mechanism, and structure-function relationship, and the effect of peptide sequences and the variation in photophysical performance are critically emphasized.

Emerging concepts about metabolic landscapes of cardiac aging are summarized, with specific focuses on why metabolic profile alters during cardiac degeneration and how to utilize the current knowledge to improve the management of cardiac Aging.

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and common malignant primary brain tumor. Patients with GBM often have poor prognoses, with a median survival of ∼15 months. Enhanced understanding of the molecular biology of central nervous system tumors has led to modifications in their classifications, the most recent of which classified these tumors into new categories and made some changes in their nomenclature and grading system. This review aims to give a panoramic view of the last 3 years’ findings in glioblastoma characterization, its heterogeneity, and current advances in...