Top Research Papers on Optical Fiber Communication

The integration of high-speed optical communication and distributed sensing could bring intelligent functionalities to ubiquitous optical fibre networks, such as urban structure imaging, ocean seismic detection, and safety monitoring of underground embedded pipelines. This work demonstrates a scheme of integrated sensing and communication in an optical fibre (ISAC-OF) using the same wavelength channel for simultaneous data transmission and distributed vibration sensing. The scheme not only extends the intelligent functionality for optical fibre communication system, but also improves its trans...

Preface. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Historical Perspective. 1.2 Basic Concepts. 1.3 Optical Communication Systems. 1.4 Lightwave System Components. Problems. References. 2 Optical Fibers. 2.1 Geometrical-Optics Description. 2.2 Wave Propagation. 2.3 Dispersion in Single-Mode Fibers. 2.4 Dispersion-Induced Limitations. 2.5 Fiber Losses. 2.6 Nonlinear Optical Effects. 2.7 Fiber Design and Fabrication. Problems. References. 3 Optical Transmitters. 3.1 Semiconductor Laser Physics. 3.2 Single-Mode Semiconductor Lasers. 3.3 Laser Characteristics. 3.4 Optical Signal Generation. 3.5 Light-Emitting Diodes. 3....

Research on space-division multiplexing (SDM) came to prominence in early 2010 being primarily proposed as a means of multiplying the information-carrying capacity of optical fibers at the same time as increasing efficiency through resource sharing. Proposed SDM transmission systems range from parallel single-mode fibers with shared amplifier pump lasers to the full spatial integration of transceiver hardware, signal processing, and amplification around a fiber with over 100 spatial channels comprising multiple cores each carrying multiple modes. In this paper, we review progress in SDM resear...

Herein, an attention-grabbing and up-to-date review related to major multiplexing techniques is presented which includes wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), polarization division multiplexing (PDM), space division multiplexing (SDM), mode division multiplexing (MDM) and orbital angular momentum multiplexing (OAMM). Multiplexing is a mechanism by which multiple signals are combined into a shared channel used to showcase the maximum capacity of the optical links. However, it is critical to develop hybrid multiplexing methods to allow enhanced channel numbers. In this review, we have also inc...

It is demonstrated that single crystals of the amino acid L-threonine could be used as optical waveguides and filters with high mechanical and thermal robustness for transduction of signals in the telecommunications range.

This tutorial discusses the evolution of the technology deployed for optical interconnects and the trade-offs in the design of low complexity, low power DSP and implementation for direct detect and coherent, pluggable optical modules for data center applications.

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is an emerging technology that repurposes a fiber-optic cable as a dense array of strain sensors. This technology repeatedly pings a fiber with laser pulses, measuring optical phase changes in Rayleigh backscattered light. DAS is beneficial for studies of fine-scale processes over multi-kilometer distances, long-term time-lapse monitoring, and deployment in logistically challenging areas (e.g., high temperatures, power limitations, land access barriers). These benefits have motivated a decade of applications in subsurface imaging and microseismicity monitorin...

This special issue features a collection of inter-related papers with the intention to cover all necessary multidisciplinary challenges to realize optical wireless networks.

Lying between optical and microwave ranges, the terahertz band in the electromagnetic spectrum is attracting increased attention. Optical fibers are essential for developing the full potential of complex terahertz systems. In this manuscript, we review the optimal materials, the guiding mechanisms, the fabrication methodologies, the characterization methods and the applications of such terahertz waveguides. We examine various optical fiber types including tube fibers, solid core fiber, hollow-core photonic bandgap, anti-resonant fibers, porous-core fibers, metamaterial-based fibers, and their ...

* The only book describing applications of nonlinear fiber optics * Two new chapters on the latest developments: highly nonlinear fibers and quantum applications* Coverage of biomedical applications* Problems provided at the end of each chapterThe development of new highly nonlinear fibers - referred to as microstructured fibers, holey fibers and photonic crystal fibers - is the next generation technology for all-optical signal processing and biomedical applications. This new edition has been thoroughly updated to incorporate these key technology developments.The book presents sound coverage o...

The interaction between optical solitons is of great significance for studying interaction between light and matter and development of all-optical devices, and is conducive to the design of integrated optical path. Optical soliton interactions for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation are investigated to improve the communication quality and system integration. Solutions of the equation are derived and used to analyze the interaction of two solitons. Some suggestions are put forward to weaken their interactions.

Hollow core fibres of nested antiresonant design are reported, with losses comparable or lower than achievable in solid glass fibres around technologically relevant wavelengths of 660, 850, and 1060 nm, which offers the potential for advances in quantum communications, data transmission, and laser power delivery.

Abstract Understanding physical processes prior to and during volcanic eruptions has improved significantly in recent years. However, uncertainties about subsurface structures distorting observed signals and undetected processes within the volcano prevent volcanologists to infer subtle triggering mechanisms of volcanic phenomena. Here, we demonstrate that distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) with optical fibres allows us to identify volcanic events remotely and image hidden near-surface volcanic structural features. We detect and characterize strain signals associated with explosions and locate ...

This work explores how measurement requirements of the optical transmission matrix can be relaxed using the framework of compressive sensing, in which the incorporation of prior information enables accurate estimation from fewer measurements than the dimensionality of the TM the authors aim to reconstruct.

A peta-bit-per-second class transmission demonstration in multi-mode fibers is reported, enabled by combining three key technologies: a wideband optical comb-based transmitter to generate highly spectral efficient 64-quadrature-amplitude modulated signals between 1528 nm and 1610 nm wavelength, a broadband mode-multiplexer, based on multi-plane light conversion, and a 15-mode multi- mode fiber with optimized transmission characteristics for wideband operation.

Displacement measurements are of significant importance in a variety of critical scientific and engineering fields such as gravitational wave detection, geophysical research, and manufacturing industries. Due to the inherent advantages such as compactness, high sensitivity, and immunity to electromagnetic interference, in recent years, fiber optic sensors have been widely used in an expansive range of sensing applications, ranging from infra-structural health monitoring to chemical and biological sensing. Of particular interest here, fiber optic displacement sensors have gained wide interest a...

A sensor composed of parallel assemblies of elastomeric lightguides that incorporate continuum or discrete chromatic patterns is developed, which can distinguish and measure the locations, magnitudes, and modes (stretch, bend, or press) of mechanical deformation.

Abstract Strong focusing on diffraction-limited spots is essential for many photonic applications and is particularly relevant for optical trapping; however, all currently used approaches fail to simultaneously provide flexible transportation of light, straightforward implementation, compatibility with waveguide circuitry, and strong focusing. Here, we demonstrate the design and 3D nanoprinting of an ultrahigh numerical aperture meta-fibre for highly flexible optical trapping. Taking into account the peculiarities of the fibre environment, we implemented an ultrathin meta-lens on the facet of ...

A general framework describing the nature of memory effects in structures of arbitrary geometry is developed and it is shown how this framework, when combined with wavefront shaping driven by feedback from a guide-star, enables estimation of the TM of any such system.

Abstract The optical fibre is an essential tool for our communication infrastructure since it is the main transmission channel for optical communications. The latest major advance in optical fibre technology is space-division multiplexing, where new fibre designs and components establish multiple co-existing data channels based on light propagation over distinct transverse optical modes. Simultaneously, there have been many recent developments in the field of quantum information processing, with novel protocols and devices in areas such as computing and communication. Here, we review recent re...

High-performance interferometers, gyroscopes, frequency combs, quantum information experiments and optical clocks rely on the transmission of light beams with the highest possible spatial and polarization purity. Free-space propagation in vacuum unlocks the ultimate performance but becomes impractical at even modest length scales. Glass optical fibres offer a more pragmatic alternative, but degrade polarization purity and suffer from detrimental nonlinear effects. Hollow-core fibres have been heralded for years as the ideal compromise between the two, but achieving high modal purity in both sp...

Initial tests show that the fabrication strategy of MoS2 is amenable to other transition metal dichalcogenides, making these embedded fibres versatile for several all-fibre nonlinear optics and optoelectronics applications.

A coding algorithm is introduced, encoding the interrogating light signal by a single-sequence aperiodic code and spatially resolving the fibre information through a fast post-processing, enabling enhanced performance through faster processing using only software-based methods.

Abstract Space-division multiplexing (SDM), as a main candidate for future ultra-high capacity fibre-optic communications, needs to address limitations to its scalability imposed by computation-intensive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) digital signal processing (DSP) required to eliminate the crosstalk caused by optical coupling between multiplexed spatial channels. By exploiting the unique propagation characteristics of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in ring core fibres (RCFs), a system that combines SDM and C + L band dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) in a 34 km 7-core RCF ...

This tutorial covers the recent advances and future perspectives in OWC, free-space-optical (FSO) communication and sensing, from devices to applications.

The successful fabrication of narrow emission full-duplex LiFi fibres paves the way for the fabrication and integration of low crosstalk interoperable smart wearables.

A mechanically compliant and visually invisible underwater soft sensor based on ionogel is developed that can achieve optical camouflage, human-body-motion detection, and barrier-free communication in the aquatic environment and can avoid fatigue and physical damage in the sensing process.

An ambitious review of the current state of the art of Fiber Optic Shape Sensors (FOSS) based on Optical Multicore Fibers or multiple optical single-core fibers with embedded strain sensors and provides a comprehensive analysis of a wide range of aspects.

The working principles and mechanism of the fiber-optic sensors based on the Vernier effect are presented, and the research progress and applications of such sensors are summarized and discussed.

Fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensor (DAS) is one of the most attractive and promising fiber-optic sensing technologies in the recent decade. It can simultaneously detect and retrieve multiple vibrations over a long distance, and the high sampling rate provides abundant information of the environment. This article reviews the principles involved in DAS system, including three types of reflectometry to locate the Rayleigh backscattering (RBS) along the fiber, and the methods to recover the vibration waveform by the phase or spectrum of RBS. The technologies and recent progresses on DAS syste...

Achievements in the area of temperature optical fiber sensors, different configurations of the sensors reported over the last five years, and application of this technology in biomedical applications are reviewed.

The unique structural characteristic of no-core fiber (NCF) have extended the sensing applications based on multimode interference self-imaging, evanescent wave absorption and materials coating, which are widely used in the measurement of various physical, chemical and biological parameters. An overview of the NCF-based sensing applications is spread out with specific emphasis on measurement methods, structural improvements and the combination of sensitive materials. Different prototypes of NCF-based sensors are meticulously outlined. First, the single NCF-based sensors with different analysis...

Nonlinear multimode optical systems support a host of intriguing effects that are impossible in single-mode settings. Although nonlinearity can provide a rich environment where the chaotic power exchange among thousands of modes can lead to novel behaviours, understanding and harnessing these processes to our advantage is challenging. Over the years, statistical models have been developed to macroscopically describe the response of these complex systems. One of the cornerstones of these theoretical formalisms is the prediction of a photon–photon-mediated thermalization process that leads to a ...

This work shows how a recurrent neural network with long short-term memory accurately predicts the temporal and spectral evolution of higher-order soliton compression and supercontinuum generation, solely from a given transform-limited input pulse intensity profile.

Abstract Current fibre optic communication systems owe their high-capacity abilities to the wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technique, which combines data channels running on different wavelengths, and most often requires many individual lasers. Optical frequency combs, with equally spaced coherent comb lines derived from a single source, have recently emerged as a potential substitute for parallel lasers in WDM systems. Benefits include the stable spacing and broadband phase coherence of the comb lines, enabling improved spectral efficiency of transmission systems, as well as potential...

Abstract Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a novel tool in array seismology that measures the phase of backscattered laser pulses traveling in a fiber‐optic cable, and relates this measurement to the axial strain induced on the cable by a propagating seismic wavefield. Combining DAS with telecommunications optical fiber networks has begun to address a range of earth science questions where cost and field logistics have historically hindered observations. Unlike classic inertial seismometers, DAS instrument response is presently unquantified. This topic includes a variable sensing element—t...

High-temperature measurements above 1000 °C are critical in harsh environments such as aerospace, metallurgy, fossil fuel, and power production. Fiber-optic high-temperature sensors are gradually replacing traditional electronic sensors due to their small size, resistance to electromagnetic interference, remote detection, multiplexing, and distributed measurement advantages. This paper reviews the sensing principle, structural design, and temperature measurement performance of fiber-optic high-temperature sensors, as well as recent significant progress in the transition of sensing solutions fr...

The flat endface of an optical fiber tip is an emerging light-coupled microscopic platform that combines fiber optics with planar micro- and nanotechnologies. Since different materials and structures are integrated onto the endfaces, optical fiber tip devices have miniature sizes, diverse integrated functions, and low insertion losses, making them suitable for all-optical networks. In recent decades, the increasing demand for multifunctional optical fibers has created opportunities to develop various structures on fiber tips. Meanwhile, the unconventional shape of optical fibers presents chall...

The research on optical wireless communication (OWC) has been going on for more than two decades. Particularly, visible light communication (VLC), as a means of OWC combining communication with illumination, has been regarded as a promising indoor high-speed wireless approach for short-distance access. Recently, lightwave, millimeter-wave (mmWave), terahertz (THz) and other spectrum mediums are considered as potential candidates for beyond fifth-generation/sixth-generation (B5G/6G) mobile communication networks. On the basis of previous studies, this review focuses on revealing how the researc...

A briefly review of the current research progress of optical fiber glucose sensor (OFGS), including oxidation reaction and covalent binding, relationship between concentration and refractive index (RI), and the shortcomings on OFGS are discussed.