Top Research Papers on Personality

Abstract In marketing, personalization is the action of designing and producing in ways that resonate with customer preferences. Content and products that are personalized according to customer preferences can reduce customer fatigue and time in making choices, thereby decreasing their cognitive load. Despite its importance, the literature on personalized marketing remains fragmented due to the absence of a comprehensive review that consolidates the intellectual structure of the field. This study bridges this knowledge gap through a bibliometric review using performance analysis and science ma...

The language used to refer to autism has been a topic of ongoing debate. Research in English-speaking countries indicated an overall preference for identity-first language (‘autistic person’) among autistic adults rather than person-first language (‘person with autism’). We examined terminology preference in Dutch autistic adults ( n = 1026; 16–84 years; 57% women) and parents of autistic children ( n = 286) via an online survey. A majority of self-reporting adults with autism (68.3%) and parents (82.5%) demonstrated a person-first language preference. A younger age, higher IQ and more autisti...

Abstract The human microbiome is an integral component of the human body and a co-determinant of several health conditions 1,2 . However, the extent to which interpersonal relations shape the individual genetic makeup of the microbiome and its transmission within and across populations remains largely unknown 3,4 . Here, capitalizing on more than 9,700 human metagenomes and computational strain-level profiling, we detected extensive bacterial strain sharing across individuals (more than 10 million instances) with distinct mother-to-infant, intra-household and intra-population transmission patt...

Personality psychology, which seeks to study individual differences in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that persist over time and place, has experienced a renaissance in the last few decades. It has also not been reviewed as a field in the Annual Review of Psychology since 2001. In this article, we seek to provide an update as well as a meta-organizational structure to the field. In particular, personality psychology has a prescribed set of four responsibilities that it implicitly or explicitly tackles as a field: ( a ) describing what personality is-i.e., what the units of analysis in the f...

Designed to guide students toward a comprehensive understanding of major personality theories, Ryckman provides a theory-by-theory approach that helps students develop the skills needed to critically evaluate personality theories. In the beginning of the book, Ryckman defines personality, provides basic information concerning the scientific process, including the interrelatedness of theory and research, and offers the criteria scientists use in judging the worth of theories. Then, chapter by chapter, he introduces each major theoretical position with an objective overview of the theorists' bas...

Publisher SummaryEarly genetic studies of personality gave few consistent results. The three main reasons for this were small sample sizes, lack of a coherent personality theory, and absence of any systematic theory and methodology to guide data collection and interpretation. This chapter describes the elements of the personality theory that lead to these developments. It explains that there exists a paradigm in personality study and that this paradigm has both descriptive and explanatory aspects. Three major dimensions of personality emerge consistently as higher order or super-factors from l...

A reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm that continuously learns and improves the treatment policy embedded in the JITAI as data is being collected from the user is described.

High viral titers in combination with attendance at massive social gatherings or extensive contact among persons were associated with a higher likelihood of transmission, and patients with a high viral load and liver injury were more likely than other patients to spread infection.

The effects of a 3-mo digital personality change intervention using a randomized controlled trial and the smartphone application PEACH are examined to provide the strongest evidence to date that normal personality traits can be changed through intervention in nonclinical samples.

sponsorship: This work was supported by the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek [EOS CARST G0E8318N,G063014N]. (Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek|EOS CARST G0E8318N, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek|G063014N)

The current study presented the first meta-analytic review on the associations between the Big Five personality traits and stress measured under different conceptualizations (stressor exposure, psychological and physiological stress responses) using a total of 1,575 effect sizes drawn from 298 samples. Overall, neuroticism was found to be positively related to stress, whereas extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness were negatively linked to stress. When stress assessed under different conceptualizations was tested, only neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness wer...

We study a model where each competing firm has a target segment where it has full consumer information and can exercise personalized pricing, and consumers may engage in identity management to bypass the firm’s attempt to price discriminate. In the absence of identity management, more consumer information intensifies competition because firms can effectively defend their turf through targeted personalized offers, thereby setting low public prices offered to nontargeted consumers. But the effect is mitigated when consumers are active in identity management because it raises the firm’s cost of s...

First published in 1992. Unavailable for many years this is a reissue of George Kelly's classic work. It is the bible of personal construct psychology written by its founder. The first volume presents the theory of personal construct psychology and the second volume shows the implications for clinical practice.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental disorder with a high burden on patients, family members, and health-care systems; progress in understanding and management has resulted in earlier diagnosis and better treatment outcomes.

Abstract. Consensus is emerging that the constellation of dark personalities should include the sadistic personality. To build a four-factor measure, we modified and extended the Short Dark Triad (SD3) measure to include sadism. A series of three studies yielded the Short Dark Tetrad (SD4), a four subscale inventory with 7 items per construct. Study 1 ( N = 868) applied exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to a diverse 48-item pool using data collected on MTurk. A 4-factor solution revealed a separate sadism factor, as well as a shifted Dark Triad. Study 2 ( N = 999 students) applied EFA to a red...

Borderline personality disorder affects approximately 0.7% to 2.7% of adults and is associated with functional impairment and greater use of medical services. Psychotherapy with dialectical behavior therapy and psychodynamic therapy are first-line therapies for BPD, while psychoactive medications do not improve the primary symptoms of BPD.

The personalized approach to psychopathology conceptualizes mental disorder as a complex system of contextualized dynamic processes that is nontrivially specific to each individual, and it seeks to develop formal idiographic statistical models to represent these individual processes. Although the personalized approach draws on long-standing influences in clinical psychology, there has been an explosion of research in recent years following the development of intensive longitudinal data capture and statistical techniques that facilitate modeling of the dynamic processes of each individual's pat...

A novel Deep Surroundings-person Separation Learning (DSSL) model is proposed to effectively extract and match person information, and hence achieve a superior retrieval accuracy and achieves the state-of-the-art performance on CUHK-PEDES.

The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed personality-assisted multi-task deep learning framework outperforms the state-of-the-arts in both generic and personalized IAA tasks.

Repeated assessments of personality states in daily diary or experience sampling studies have become a more and more common tool in the psychologist's toolbox. However, and contrary to the widely available literature on personality traits, no best practices for the development of personality state measures exist, and personality state measures have been developed in many different ways. To address this, we first define what a personality state is and discuss important components. On the basis of this, we define what a personality state measure is and suggest a general guideline for the develop...

In March 2017, the Whanganui River in Aotearoa New Zealand was the first river to officially receive the status of a legal person. This legal personhood is based on the ontological understanding of the river as an indivisible and living whole and as the spiritual ancestor of the Whanganui Iwi (a Māori tribe). In this paper, I analyse the Te Awa Tupua Act in which the Whanganui River is declared a legal person and suggest to supplement the document with a cross-cultural account of the Whanganui River’s wellbeing and with two normative principles that can help to effectively protect the river. F...

In this article, we examine the concept of non-personal data from a law and computer science perspective. The delineation between personal data and non-personal data is of paramount importance to determine the GDPR’s scope of application. This exercise is, however, fraught with difficulty, also when it comes to de-personalised data – that is to say data that once was personal data but has been manipulated with the goal of turning it into anonymous data. This article charts that the legal definition of anonymous data is subject to uncertainty. Indeed, the definitions adopted in the GDPR, by the...

It is shown that the inclusion of LPF in the AMPD is well justified if it is defined as a general adaptive failure of a subjective intrapsychic system needed to fulfill adult life tasks and distinguishes itself from maladaptive traits.

This work presents the Feature-Aligned Person Search Network (AlignPS), the first anchor-free framework to efficiently tackle this challenging task, and proposes an aligned feature aggregation module to generate more discriminative and robust feature embeddings by following a "re-id first" principle.

This Encyclopedia provides a comprehensive overview of individual differences within the domain of personality.

This Review examines the development of smart textiles for application in personalized healthcare, examining the different platform technologies, fabrication strategies and clinical scenarios, as well as the current commercial and regulatory landscape.

Personality traits continue to change throughout the lifespan. However, we still know little about when, why, and how personality traits change. In this paper, we review the current state of scientific evidence regarding the nature, sources, and processes of personality trait stability and change. We revisit past disputes over the relative importance of genetic and environmental influences, discuss studies on life events and personality trait development, and summarize theory and research on personality change processes. In doing so, we derive general principles of personality trait developmen...

The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) is an objective self-report measure of adult personality with clinical, forensic, and personnel selection applications. Comprised of 22 non-overlapping scales, the PAI was developed using a construct validation framework. Concurrent and construct validity, as well as diagnostic utility, are well-established. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability are similarly strong. Strengths of the PAI include its low reading level, multiple large sample norms, readily understood constructs, and quick scoring. Limitations include the absence of some const...

The nature of values is discussed and the main contemporary value theories are presented, focusing on the theory of basic personal values, which discusses the origins of value priorities and their stability or change over time.

This survey explores the domain of personalized FL (PFL) to address the fundamental challenges of FL on heterogeneous data, a universal characteristic inherent in all real-world datasets.

An in-depth review of SPA’s security and privacy issues, categorizing the most important attack vectors and their countermeasures and discussing open research challenges that can help steer the community to tackle and address current security andPrivacy issues in SPA.

Information theoretically, it is proved that the mixture of local and global models can reduce the generalization error and a communication-reduced bilevel optimization method is proposed, which reduces the communication rounds to $O(\sqrt{T})$ and can achieve a convergence rate of $O(1/T)$ with some residual error.

The discussion of interdisciplinary interactions of energy, environmental science, and nanotechnology in this review will further promote development of the thermoregulatory textile field in both academia and industry, ultimately realizing personalized thermoreGulation and a sustainable energy future.

Piezoelectric nanogenerators are becoming a compelling bioelectronics platform technology for human-associated energy harvesting, self-powered sensing, and therapeutics, which will largely contribute to the medical field in the era of the Internet of things.

A PErsonalized Transformer for Explainable Recommendation (PETER), on which a simple and effective learning objective is designed that utilizes the IDs to predict the words in the target explanation, so as to endow the IDs with linguistic meanings and to achieve personalized Transformer.

Recent advances in the application of microbiome data in precision medicine across a growing number of human diseases are explored and the challenges, limitations and prospects of analysing microbiome data for personalized patient care are discussed.

The underlying science and technologies germane to pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine are addressed, integrated with economic, ethical, and regulatory issues, providing insights into the current status and future direction of health care.

Research on personality psychology is making important contributions to psychological science and applied psychology. This second edition of The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology offers a one-stop resource for scientific personality psychology. It summarizes cutting-edge personality research in all its forms, including genetics, psychometrics, social-cognitive psychology, and real-world expressions, with informative and lively chapters that also highlight some areas of controversy. The team of renowned international authors, led by two esteemed editors, ensures a wide range of theor...

This work uses data from a randomized controlled pricing field experiment to construct personalized prices and validate these in the field and reveals a nonmonotonic relationship between the granularity of data and consumer surplus under personalization.

This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the associations of personality and intelligence. It presents a meta-analysis (N = 162,636, k = 272) of domain, facet, and item-level correlations between personality and intelligence (general, fluid, and crystallized) for the major Big Five and HEXACO hierarchical frameworks of personality: NEO Personality Inventory–Revised, Big Five Aspect Scales, Big Five Inventory–2, and HEXACO Personality Inventory–Revised. It provides the first meta-analysis of personality and intelligence to comprehensively examine (a) facet-level correlations for these ...